2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题91（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up (anonymously) at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing, the more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to knit at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red faced figure, instantly obtains it from them. The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.1.The writer considered the old country guide interesting because he found in it（ ）.2.The local grocers shop is expanding even though（ ）.3.The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that（ ）.4.The writer appreciates the village shop because（ ）.5.What is the village shoemakers reaction to mass produced shoes?问题1选项A.the names of so many of the shops in the village aroundB.the many people selling to, and doing jobs for, residents in local villages at the time it appearedC.the variety of shops and services available in Victorian days in BritainD.information about all the jobs there were in his own and surrounding villages at the time it appeared问题2选项A.women spend a lot of their time there just gossipingB.town shops are larger and rather cheaperC.people like to shop where they are less well knownD.people get personal service in his shop问题3选项A.their prices are higherB.people cannot telephone themC.their staff may take less trouble to satisfy customersD.one has to queue up in them问题4选项A.he welcomes competition with organized businessB.he likes the idea that a humble person can be successfulC.this is a case of individual success in a world of increasingD.he welcomes an example of private enterprise surviving in an age of giant companies问题5选项A.He considers they are not worth the effort of mending properly.B.He is angry with the customers for bringing to such rubbish.C.He despises their quality.D.He feels exasperated because people waste their money on inferior shoes.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为这本陈旧的乡下导游手册有趣，是因为他在那里发现了”。文章第一段提到这个导游手册列出了我所在地区每个村庄的每个商人，令人印象深刻的是，在维多利亚晚期的乡村，人们在家门口就可以得到各种各样的服务，由此可知选项B“很多人向当地乡下的居民销售商品或者提供服务”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当地杂货商的店铺正在扩张，尽管”。文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管有最近城镇的超市竞争，我们当地的杂货店实际在扩张”（Our local grocers shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town），城镇商店的竞争力主要体现在规模大，东西便宜，选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示城镇商店的劣势之一是”。文章第四段“乡下商人卖的商品的价格或许比城镇的高，但他们将在任何时间送任何商品，超市的助手不会想到在他们午饭的时间骑自行车去为一个靠养老金生活的老人送一块奶酪” （His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner），选项C“城镇商店店员不会花太多功夫去满足顾客”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者欣赏乡下商店的原因是”。文章第四段最后一句“但我觉得它令人满意，因为乡村商店提供了为数不多的几种方式之一，一个谦虚的个人主义者仍然能在这个世界存活，而不必依附于工商业的大阵营”（But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce），选项B“他喜欢谦逊的人能成功的概念”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“乡村鞋匠对批量生产的鞋子的反应是”。文章最后一段提到乡村鞋匠带着蔑视的眼光去看那些批量生产的鞋子（He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash?），选项C符合题意。2. 翻译题Put the following Iwo passages into Chinese.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation. It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United Stales, to provide continuity for our national life to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history. It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth; to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.Fame is very much like an animal chasing its tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic, isnt it? Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look to confer fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on and so on.【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社会形势下赋予新的意义，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美国所有伟大学府的功能，为我们国家的生活提供延续把我们在历史的烈火中经受住考验的精华文化传给年轻人。教育同样有责任培养我们青年一代的思想和才能；通过创造性的公民身份来改善我们美国的制度，使之符合未来的要求。我们不能为我们青年创造未来，但是我们能针对未来造就我们的青年。名誉很像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物，在抓住之后除了继续追逐外，不知道还有其它什么事可做。随之而来的名望迫使名人参与到他/她自己的毁灭中。很讽刺，不是吗？那些成名的人往往是因为拥有某种才能或技能：唱歌，跳舞，绘画或者写作等。成功的表演者发展成一种风格，在市场上非常受欢迎，正因为受欢迎，表演者继续以同样的风格表演，因为这似乎是公众想要并且所欣赏的。但随着时间的推移，表演者厌倦了年复一年地用同样的方式唱同一首歌，画家厌倦了画同样的场景或者肖像或者演员不想再重复出演同样的角色。公众的需求使艺术家得以成名。如果这个艺术家试图改变他/她的写作、跳舞或者歌唱风格等，观众可能会转身把名誉给另外一个人，然后随着时间的推移再给另一个人，如此反复下去。3. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和歌唱;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。战士是永远追求光明的。他并不躺在暗夜下享受阳光，却在暗夜里燃起火炬， 给人们照亮道路，使他们走向黎明。驱散黑暗，这是战士的任务。他并不躲避黑暗， 却要而对黑暗，跟躲藏在明影里的魑魅魍魉搏斗。他要消灭它们而取得光明。战士是不知道妥协的。他得不到光明便不会停止战斗。【答案】The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. Therefore, all human beings are strongly dependent on it. Especially in the countryside, people have been living in the same way for thousands of years, growing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flower, going to church for preying on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares at holiday. The past countryside is still their warm homes. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.A fighter is always in pursuit of light. Instead enjoying the sunshine, he lit a torch in the dark to light the way for the people and lead them to the dawn. It is the task of a warrior to dispel darkness. He did not shun the darkness, but fought against it, and against the hidden demons and monsters in its shadows. He will destroy them and gain light. A soldier never compromise. He wont stop fighting until gets light.4. 单选题The first thing people remember about failing at math is that it felt like sudden death. Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way! If assume that the curriculum was reasonable, and that the new idea was but next in a series of learnable concepts, the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling.A common myth about the nature of mathematical ability holds that one either has or does not have a mathematical mind. Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may well be needed to do advanced research, but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well? Rates of learning may vary. Competency under time pressure may differ. Certainly low self-esteem will get in the way. But where is the evidence that a student needs a “mathematical mind” in order to succeed at learning math?Consider the effects of this mythology. Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical mind, part of what makes us so passive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of “them”, and we spend our time waiting to find out when our non-mathematical minds will be exposed. Since our limit will eventually be reached, we see no point in being methodical of in attending to detail. We are grateful when we survive fractions-word problems or geometry. If that certain moment of failure hasnt struck yet, it is only temporarily postponed.Parents, especially parents of girls, often expect their children to be non-mathematical. Parents are either poor at math or they failed themselves. In either case, they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have.1.According to the passage, who are likely to experience math anxiety?2.How would “math anxious” students probably react to their failure at math?3.Which of the following statements is true about “math anxious” students?4.The author believes that（ ）.5.The passage could best be entitled by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primary school students.B.High school students.C.College students.D.All of the above.问题2选项A.Slow down their lessons.B.Ask more questions than necessary.C.Go to the teacher for reassuranceD.Panic and accept the defeat.问题3选项A.They realize that the feeling of utter defeat is irrational.B.They assume that the curriculum is not reasonable.C.They feel the new ideas are too difficult for them to learn.D.They regard the new ideas as only something to be encountered next in a series of learnable concepts.问题4选项A.a person either has or does not have a mathematical mindB.a student needs a mathematical mind to succeed at learning college level mathC.people doing advanced research in math usually have what is called a “mathematical mind”D.parents who are poor at math themselves are more likely to expect their children to be non-mathematical问题5选项A.Math AnxietyB.Overcoming Math AnxietyC.Failing the Math ExamD.Math Anxious Students【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，有可能遭受焦虑的人是”。文章第一段提到“不论这样的情况出现在六年级，或者在应对数学方程式的中，或者第一次面对微积分与统计学的大学”（Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way!），由此可知，各个学习阶段都会碰上数学难题，选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“遭遇数学焦虑的学生对自己数学不及格的可能反应是”。文章第一段提到“彻底失败的感觉是不理智的；然后数学焦虑的大学生和成年人发现，无论老师怎么安慰他们，他们都无法克服这种感觉”（the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling），选项D“恐慌并接受失败”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“关于数学焦虑的学生，一下说法正确的是”。文章第二段提到“但是为什么那些能做其他学科的大学水平作业的人却不能做大学水平的数学题呢？”（but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well?），选项C“他们感觉自己很难学习新内容”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为”。文章最后一段提到“他们不愿意树立这样一个观念，即有的人有数学头脑，有的人没有”（they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have），因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“本文最恰当的标题是”。全文讲的都是跟数学焦虑（math anxiety）相关的内容，因此选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Television is one of todays most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting.Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager I and II missions) in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earths weather satellites also use television cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20.000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centers around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue producing business manner. Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize).A highly modified form of television called Slow Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas, and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian great, great grandson of Tom Christian of “Mutiny on the Bounty” fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities for Pitcairners. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication have also been used on semi restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.1.According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is true in the eyes of the writer?3.According to the passage television in USSR（ ）.4.In the passage, the author tries to tell us purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”（ ）.5.The authors attitude toward television programs is （ ）.问题1选项A.metropolitan areaB.deep space explorationC.programs about entertainment and newsD.remote areas问题2选项A.Applications of television are beneficial to big cities.B.Applications of television are believed to be good activitiesC.Applications of television are restricted to television systems.D.Applications of television benefit to the mass entertainment field.问题3选项A.is limited to a revenue producing business mannerB.requires funding by commercial sponsorsC.puts away the need of commercial aidD.is badly in need of commercial help问题4选项A.are as good as those in the U.S.B.have been seen on many government controlled networksC.are as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualizeD.are not as gloomy as the uninformed might问题5选项A.positiveB.indifferentC.criticalD.dangerous【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知电视在哪方面的运用更让人容易接受”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们都知道电视被广泛接受，尤其是那些与娱乐和新闻广播有关的内容”（We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting），因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，下面说法正确的是”。文章第二段最后一句提到“意识到当今电视的无限应用，人们可能会理性地思考我们将大多数影像活动限制于大众娱乐领域而带来的真正好处”（Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field），由此可知选项D“电视使用受益的是大众娱乐”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，苏联的电视”。文章第二段提到苏联的电视是受政府控制的，所以不需要赞助（Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement），因此选项C“不需要商业支持”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章作者试图告诉我们与古典的Bewitched相似的纯娱乐节目”。文章第三段提到“它也可能限制可供观众观看的节目类型（然而，在这些由政府控制的网络上，已经出现了一些类似经典的入迷的纯娱乐节目。与知情者可能不必要观看的节目相比，这些节目没有那么令人忧郁）”it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isnt as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize)，因此选项D符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对于电视节目的态度是”。文章对电视节目各种好处进行了叙述，最后一段提到“这表明视频与电视的有很多还未被开发的用途，这些用途可能很快地在更广泛的基础上被开发出来”（This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis），选项A“积极的”符合题意。6. 单选题Do you