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Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it 教学资料总汇一、学习目标：1.掌握英语里反意疑问句的用法；2.稳固已学过的七种时态；3.学会用英语闲聊。二、学习重点难点：1.反意疑问句Tag Question也叫附加疑问句，是一种常用于口语的疑问句式，主要由“陈述句附加疑问构成，附加疑问局部的动词一般要与陈述局部的动词相对应，附加一闻局部的主语要与陈述局部的主语相对应，如果陈述局部的主语是名词词组，那么附加疑问局部用相应的代词表示。反意疑问句主要有两类，即“陈述句反意附加疑问和“陈述句非反意附加疑问。这两类又可以分为以下四种形式：a. 肯定的陈述句否认的附加疑问句。例如：That clock is slow, isnt it?b. 否认的陈述句肯定的附加疑问句。 例如： That clock isnt slow, is it?c. 肯定的陈述句肯定的附加疑问句。 例如： That clock is slow, is it?d. 否认的陈述句肯定的附加疑问句。 例如： That clock isnt slow, isnt it?前两种形式是主要的，后两种形式使用场合较少。反意疑问句也可由“祈使句附加疑问构成。例如：Carry this box for me, will you?Remember to buy some meat, wont you?2对于我们已经学过的七种时态，这里各举两例：一般现在时：Lily likes going shopping, doesnt she?They arent students, are they?现在进行时：Youre going to the cinema, arent you?She isnt waiting for me, is she?现在完成时：They have been to Singapore, havent they?Jack hasnt finished his homework, has he?现在完成进行时：You have been living in Beijing all these years, havent you?Denis hasnt been watching TV, has she?一般过去时：They had a good time at the party last Saturday, didnt they?Fanny didnt go home last night, did she?过去进行时：You were making dinner when I called, werent you?She wasnt sleeping at this time yesterday, was she?一般将来时：We will have wonderful summer holidays, wont we?They wont come back until midnight, will they?3关于反意疑问句的构成，有以下几点值得注意：a.当陈述局部的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等指人的合成词时，反意疑问句的附加局部的主语在正式语体中通常 用he。例如：Everybody knows what he has to do, doesnt he?Nobody wants to go there, does he?None of the boys can do it, can he?在非正式语体中那么往往用they。例如：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they?Somebody borrowed my dictionary yesterday, didnt they?但假设陈述局部的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等指物的合成词时，反意疑问句的附加局部的主语只能用it。例如：Nothing could stop them, could it?Everything is ready, isnt it?b.当陈述局部是there be句型时，反意疑问句的附加局部的主语也用there。例如：Theres no help for it, is there?Theres something strange, isnt there?c.陈述局部带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否认词或半否认词是，反意疑问句的附加局部的动词用肯定形式。例如：Father rarely got drunk, did he?Few people know him, do they?She seldom goes swimming, does she?如果陈述局部的否认词仅带有否认前缀，那么，该陈述局部作肯定句处理，附加疑问局部一般仍用否认形式。例如：She was unsuccessful, wasnt she?d.如果陈述局部的主语是Im结构，反意疑问句的附加局部一般用arent I。例如：I am an adult, arent I?e.如果陈述局部以不定代词one作主语，附加疑问局部的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you。例如：One cant be too honest, can one?One cant be too honest, can you?f.当陈述局部是一个带有that分句作宾语的主从结构时，反意疑问句的附加局部一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。例如：You think you are humorous, dont you?He thinks he is going to become an actor, doesnt he?She says (that) I did it, doesnt she?但是，当陈述局部的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I suspect, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问句的附加局部那么往往与that分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否认的转移。例如：I suppose (that) hes funny, isnt he?I dont think (that) she likes my clothes, does she?g.在由“祈使句附加疑问句构成的反意疑问句中，附加疑问局部一般用will you, wont you, would you。例如：Dont close the window, will you?Be quiet, would you?但是，在以lets开头的祈使句之后，附加疑问局部用shall we。例如：Lets go out to play soccer, shall we?Lets have a rest, shall we?以let us开头的祈使句，含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，因此反意疑问句的附加局部用will you。例如：Let us stop now, will you?Let us have a look at your book, will you?4.反意疑问句的答复方式和一般疑问句一致，根据事实来答复。注意当陈述局部是一个否认句时，英文的答复方式和中文的答复方式有差异。例如：She is a beautiful girl, isnt she? 她是个漂亮的姑娘，不是吗？Yes, she is. 是的，她是。No, she isnt. 不，她不是。You dont like onions, do you? 你不喜欢洋葱，是吗？Yes, I do. 不，我喜欢。No, I dont. 是的，我不喜欢。强化练习：一、请在下面的空格中填入适当的附加疑问句：1. Mary has to go home now, _ ?2. Thats your twin brother, _ ?3 Theres nothing wrong, _ ?4.Jack had a talk with his father, _ ?5.One cant be too careful, _ ?6. Give me a hand, _ ?7. He was cleaning his house all day yesterday, _ ?8. Nothing can stop us now, _ ?9. Anyone can go to the party, _ ?10.They wont be ready till next year, _ ?11. I am not the one youre thinking about, _ ?12. Lets go camping, _ ?13. You havent found out who did it, _ ?14. I suppose you know the password, _ ?15. Emily rarely stays out late, _ ?二、根据所给中文释义完成句子，每空一词。1.你去过游乐场，不是吗？You have been to _ _ _, _ _?是的，我去过两次。Yes, I have been there _.2. 麦克每个月都理发，不是吗？Mike _ his hair _ every month, _ _?不，他两周理一次发。No, he _ his hair _ _ _ _.3. 我没告诉你他已经回来了，是吗？I didnt tell you he _ _ _, _ _?不，你告诉过我了。No, you _ _ me.4. 詹妮没有你大，是吗？Jenny isnt _ _ _ you, _ _?是的，她没有我大。_, _ _.参考答案：一、1. doesnt she?2. isnt it?3. is there?4. didnt he?5. can one?(can you)6. wont you? (will you?)7. wasnt he?8. can it?9. cant he? (cant they?)10.will they?11.arent I?12.shall we?13.have you?14.do you?15.does she?二、1. an, amusement, park, havent, you twice 2. has, cut, doesnt, he has, cut, every, two, weeks (has, cut, every, other, week) 3. has, come, back, did, I have, told 4. as, old, as, is, she No, she, isntTitleIts a nice day, isnt it?Topic Small talkFunctions Make small talkStructuresTag questionsTarget languageIts a nice day, isnt it?Yes, it is. I really love hot weather.Youre Jennys friend, arent you?Yes, I am.VocabularyUmbrella, small talk, thank-you noteRecyclingWeather, hot, cold, rain, great, train, bus, party, hobby, violin, tennis, hockey, beachLearning StrategiesCooperatingUsing what you knowWords and Expressions:(n. 名词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 v. 动词 prep. 介词 )单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句rainn.雨；下雨There was rain in the night. 夜里下雨了。umbrellan.雨伞Take an umbrella its going to rain. 带上伞吧，要下雨了。on the weekend在周末What are you going to do on the weekend?你周末打算做什么？opening question开场白Her opening question is excellent.她的开场白很棒。bookstoren.书店He went to the bookstore and bought some books yesterday. 他昨天去书店买了些书。aloneadv.单独地；单独地She lived alone. 她独居。The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。crossv.穿过；横过They crossed the road. 他们过了马路。We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中错过了。costv.价值；花How much did that bag cost? 那个书包要多少钱？Your crime will cost you your life. 你的罪行将使你失去生命。help with在某方面帮助He helps me with my English.他帮我学英语。get along融洽相处Do you get along with you classmates?你和同学相处融洽吗？trafficn.交通；交通量Traffic police are sometimes very polite.交通警察非常有礼貌。The city streets are full of traffic. 城市的街道上满是行人车辆。at least至少；最少Hes going away for at least a week. 他起码一星期出去一次。Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)Grammar FocusIts really windy today, isnt it?Yes, it is.Youre Bens sister, arent you?Yes, I am.The M-15 bus stops here, doesnt it.Yes, it does.本单元的重点是反意问句。陈述句后面的反意问句的用法：1. 反意问句一般由“助动词+人称代词构成，用在句末，要求对方确认一些我们不敢肯定的事情，或要求对方表示赞同，含有“这是真的吗？或“你同意吗？的意思。e.gIt is very cold today, isnt it?We had much time, hadnt we?There is a little water in the cup, isnt there?There is little water in the cup, is there?2. 陈述句的动词假设是肯定，反意问句的动词要用否认，反之，就用肯定。Mrs. Smith lives in Italy, doesnt she?She can hardly speak German, can she?She has few friends in Germany, has (does) she?There isnt anybody at home, is there?3. 陈述句与反意问句里的动词时态要相同。She had to go to France every spring, didnt she?There was little water in the cup, was there?4. 陈述句与反意问句的主语必须指同一人或同一事物。She needs to have it repaired, doesnt she?You had better go alone, hadnt you?5. 陈述句的主语不管属于何种词类，反意问句的主语一定要用人称代词。Those are your friends, arent they?She hasnt finished her homework, has she?6. 陈述句的动词为 have, has, had, 但不作“有解时， 反意问句的主语之前不可用have, has，had, 而改用 do, does, did.You have nothing to say, do you?You have John do the work, dont you?7. 含有seldom; hardly; few; little; never; rarely等词的句子，被认为是否认句。e.g.He seldom came here, did he?Few people knew the answer, did they?None of us knew the way, did we?We hadnt much time, had we?Little progress has been made, has it?We could hardly hear what she said, could we?We seldom see them now, do we?One cant be too careful, can one?8. nobody, none, no one, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone 等不定代词作主语时，其反意问句通常用they作主语。e.g. Everybody came, didnt they.祈使句后面的反意问句的用法：1由lets引出的祈使句，肯定的用shall we? 否认的用all right? 或O.K.?e.g.Lets start early, shall we?Lets not go fishing, all right (O.K.)?- Lets go dancing , shall we? -All right.2肯定祈使句之后，表示“请求，用 will you? 表“邀请，劝诱用wont you?e.g.Let us have a look, will you?-Pass me the dictionary, will you? -Yes, with pleasure.Have some coffee, wont you?Be careful when you cross the road, wont you?3否认祈使句之后，表示“请求，那么只用will you?e.g.Dont open the window , will you?语法点概述一、1. Would you mind.?1Would you mind +v.-ing.?用来客气地提出请求。例如：Would you mind giving me a glass of water?请给我一杯水好吗？Would you mind cleaning your room?你可以清扫你的房间吗？Im sorry. Ill do it right away.对不起，我马上就做。Would you mind not playing baseball here?你可以不在这里打棒球吗？Sorry，well go and play in the park.对不起，我们将会去公园里玩。2Would you mind+ sb.s + v.-ing.?用来提出询问，征求对方的意见在非正式文体中，v.-ing前的所有格可换为宾格。例如：Would you mind my smoking here?我在这里抽烟你介意吗？Yes，youd better not.是的，你最好别抽。No，certainly not.不介意，你当然可以抽。答复带有mind的问句时要注意yes或no都是针对mind介意，在乎选用的；表示“介意，在乎时，选用yes，后面跟句子，意思是不让对方做某事；表示“不介意，不在乎时，选用no，后边跟句子，意思是允许对方做某事。如：Would you mind posting the letter for me？你可以为我寄封信吗？Of course not./No，certainly not.当然可以。二反意疑问句 1)陈述局部的主语是I，疑问局部要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述局部的谓语是wish，疑问局部要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述局部用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否认含义的词时，疑问局部用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述局部是肯定的，疑问局部用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述局部有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问局部常用dont +主语didnt +主语。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述局部的谓语是used to 时，疑问局部用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述局部有had better + v. 疑问句局部用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述局部有would rather +v.，疑问局部多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述局部有Youd like to +v. 疑问局部用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述局部有must 的疑问句，疑问局部根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感慨句中，疑问局部用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陈述局部由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问局部根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述局部主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问局部主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述局部为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问局部有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问局部，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问局部谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述局部主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问局部与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述局部主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问局部常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问局部常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问局部用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问局部用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陈述局部是there be结构的，疑问局部用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否认前缀不能视为否认词，其反意疑问句仍用否认形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it?
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