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Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Tony said, so now you can pay for my dinner!New words and expressions 生词和短语turn n. 行为，举止 deserve v. 应得到，值得 lawyer n. 律师 bank n. 银行salary n. 工资 immediately adv. 立刻 Tony tuni参考译文我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来。托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作，而现在正在一家银行上班。他的薪水很高，但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。托尼看见了我，就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前。他从未向我借过钱。当他吃饭时，我提出向他借20英镑。令我惊奇的是，他立刻把钱给了我。“我还从未向你借过钱，”托尼说道，“所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了！”1.One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来这是句谚语，意思是对于别人的善意或帮助应作出相应的回报。1) 名词turn的含义之一是“（帮助或损害他人的）举动”、“行为”：e.g. 乔治昨天做了一件对我有利/不利的事。Yesterday George did me a good/an ill turn.他总是乐于为他人做好事。He is always ready to do a turn for others.turn n. / v.n. c1. an act of turning sb./sth. around 转动；旋动e.g. 转动几下把手。Give the handle a few turns.2. a change in direction in a vehicle(车辆的)转弯；转向e.g. 向左/右拐入西大街。 Make a left/right turn into West street.3. a bend or corner in a road (道路的)弯道；拐弯处e.g. 弯弯曲曲的小巷 a lane full of twists and turns (lane lein n. 1. (乡间)小路2. (尤用于地名)小巷；胡同；里弄(long)3.车道 4.(比赛的)跑道；泳道 5.航道；航线twist twist n. 1.c 急转弯处；曲折处2. c转动；旋转；搓；捻；拧；扭动 3. c (故事或情况的)转折，转变，突然变化 v. 1. vt. 使弯曲，使扭曲(成一定形状)2. (使)弯曲变形，扭曲变形 3. 扭转；转动(身体部位)4.c the time when sb. in a group of people should or is allowed to do sth. (依次轮到的)机会, 顺次e.g. 轮到你时，再抓一张牌。When its your turn, take another card.下次该轮到我开车了。Its my turn to drive next.IDM: 1) in turn (1) one after the other in a particular order依次；轮流；逐个e.g. 孩子们逐一自报姓名。The children called out their names in turn.(2) as a result of sth in a series of events相应地；转而e.g. 增加生产会继而增加利润。Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.(lead to sth 导致；造成后果)2) take turns(in sth./to do sth)(BrE also take it in turns) 依次；轮流e.g. 雄鸟和雌鸟轮流伏窝。The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs. 我们轮流做家务。We take it in turns to do the housework.5. an unusual or unexpected change in what is happening (异乎寻常或意外的)变化，转变e.g. 在以后的几周里，事态急转直下。Events took a dramatic turn in the weeks that followed.6.c 行为；举止 做有利于/有损于某人的事 do sb. a good/bad turne.g. 昨天乔治做了一件对我有利的事。 Yesterday George did me a good turn.IDM: 1) (do sb.) a good turn (to do) sth. that helps sb. (为某人做)好事，善事；(做)有助于某人的事e.g. 好啦，这就是我今天做的好事。Well, thats my good turn for the day.2) one good turn deserves another(saying)you should help sb. who has helped you 善须善报；要以德报德；好人应得好报7. the+S (of)时间上的转折点；交替时期IDM. the turn of the century/year the time when a new century /year starts 世纪之交；新年伊始；辞旧迎新之际 e.g. 这是在世纪之交修建的。It was built at the turn of the century.IDM: at every turn everywhere or every time you try and do sth处处；事事；每次e.g. 我事事都不顺心。At every turn I met with disappointment. v.1. to move or make sth. move around a central point (使)转动；旋转e.g. vi. 汽车的轮子开始转动起来。The wheels of the car began to turn.vt. 他转动钥匙开锁。He turned the key in the lock.2. usually+adv./prep. to move your body or part of your body so as to face or start moving in a different direction 转身；扭转(身体部位)e.g. vi. 我们转身朝家走去。We turned and headed for home. vt. 他转身背对着墙。He turned his back to the wall.3. vn.+adv./prep. to move sth. so that it is in a different position or facing a different direction.翻转；翻动；把翻过来e.g. vt. 她把椅子翻转过来修理。She turned the chair on its side to repair it.4. (使)改变方向；转弯e.g. vi. 他拐进了一条狭窄的街道。He turned into a narrow street. vt. 那男人转过街角就没影了。The man turned the corner and disappeared.5. vi. (潮汐)to start to come in or go out开始涨(或落)e.g. 涨潮了，我们最好回去吧。The tide is turning-wed better get back.(tide taid n. 1.c, u 潮，潮汐2.c 潮流；趋势；动向)6. 翻，翻动(书页)e.g. vt. 他坐在那里无所事事地翻着书。He sat turning the pages idly.(idly adl adv. 懒惰地;无所事事地,闲着 adj. idle aidl adj. 空闲的, 闲着的；懒散的, 无所事事的) vi. 反到第23页。Turn to page 23.7. to change into a particular state or condition; to make sth do this (使)变成；成为e.g. 天气变得寒冷多风。The weather has turned cold and windy. 秋天树叶变黄。In autumn the leaves turn brown.8. (vi. + adv./prep.; vt.+ object+adv./prep.)(使)转变(形态、性质等)(尤与from; into连用)e.g. 经过50年，这个地方从一个小村庄变成了大城镇。 In fifty years, this place has turned from a little village into a large town. 女巫把王子变成了青蛙。The witch turned the prince into a frog.(wizard wizd n. 男巫；术士；神汉)9.v-n (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to reach or pass a particular age or time 到达，超过(某一年龄或时间)e.g. 他到六月份就满21岁了。He turns 21 in June.已过了午夜。It has turned midnight.Phr v. 1. turn against sb./ turn sb. against sb. to stop or make sb. stop being friendly towards sb.(使)与反目成仇，变得敌对e.g. 她与老朋友翻脸了。She turned against her old friend.2. turn around/round / turn sb./sth. around/round to change position or direction so as to face the other way; to make sb./sth. do this(使)翻身，转身，翻转e.g. 转过身去让我看看你的后背。Turn around and let me look at your back.我把椅子转过来面向火炉。I turned my chair round to face the fire.3. turn back / turn sb./sth. back to return the way you have come; to make sb./sth. do this(使)原路返回，往回走e.g. 天气变得非常恶劣，他们不得不循原路折回。The weather became so bad that they had to turn back.我们的汽车在边境被挡了回来。Our car was turned back at the border.(border b:d n. 国界；边界；边疆；边界地区/vt. (国家或地区)和毗邻；与接壤)4. turn sb./sth. down to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it拒绝，顶回(提议、建议或提议人)e.g. 她为什么谢绝你的邀请？Why did she turn down your invitation? turn sth. down to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls(control kntrul n. c, usually pl. (机器或车辆的)操纵装置，开关，按钮)把调低；关小e.g. 请把音量调低些。Please turn the volume down.(volume vlju:m n. 1.u, c 体积；容积；容量2. u 音量；响度)5. turn sb. in (informal) to take sb. to the police or sb. in authority because they have committed a crime把扭送(到警察局)；使自首e.g. 他决定到警察局去自首。He decided to turn himself in. turn sth. in (1) to give back sth that you no longer need 交还，退还(不再需要的东西)e.g. 你离开大楼时必须交还通行证。You must turn in your pass when you leave the building.(pass n. 通行证；车票；乘车证)(2) (esp. AmE) to give sth. to sb. in authority上交；呈交；提交e.g. 时至今日只上缴了少数几支枪。Only a few guns have been turned in so far.6. turn sb. off to make sb. feel bored or not interested 使厌烦；使失去兴趣e.g.看到你咬指甲真的使我感到厌烦。It really turns me off to see you biting your nails. turn sth. off to stop the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc.关掉，截断(电流、煤气、水等) e.g. 关上灯 to turn off the light7. turn sth. out to produce sb./sth.制造；生产e.g. 这家工厂每周生产900辆汽车。The factory turns out 900 cars a week. turn sb. out (of / from sth.) to force sb. to leave a place赶走；逐出；撵走 turn out to be discovered to be; to prove to be 原来是；证明是；结果是e.g. 她原来是我姐姐的朋友。It turned out that she was a friend of my sister. 这工作结果比我们想象的要难。The job turned out to be harder than we thought.8. turn to sb./sth. to go to sb./sth. for help, advice, etc.向求助（或寻求指教等）e.g. 她求助无门。She has nobody she can turn to.9. turn sth over to think about sth. carefully 认真思考；深思熟虑e.g. 她脑子里不断琢磨当天发生的事。She kept turning over the events of the day in her mind.2) deserve的意义为“应受”、“应得(奖赏、惩罚等)”、“值得”，通常为及物动词：e.g. 他的话值得注意。His words deserve attention.玛丽应得这个奖。Mary deserves the prize.deserve diz:v v. (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) 值得; 应得; 应受e.g. vn 辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。You deserve a rest after all that hard work. 这报告应该给予认真考虑。The report deserves careful consideration kn,sidrein. v to inf 他们不该赢。They didnt deserve to win. 他做了这样的事，应该终身监禁。He deserves to be locked up for ever for what he did.worth adj. be worth doing 值得做某事 worthy adj. be worthy of sth./ be worthy to do sth.e.g. 值得怀念的演出 a performance worthy to be rememberedIDM: get what you deserve / deserve all/everything you get (informal) used to say that you think sb. has earned the bad things that happen to them罪有应得deservedly dz:vdl adv. in the way that is deserved; correctly应得地；恰如其分地；理所当然地e.g. 这餐馆为大众喜爱是理所当然的。The restaurant is deservedly popular.deserving dz:v adj. (of sth) (formal) that deserves help, praise, a reward, etc.值得的；应得的 e.g. 值得注意的问题 an issue deserving of attention opposite: undeserving(issue u: n.c 重要议题；争论的问题2.(informal) (有关某事的)问题；担忧)2. I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. 我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来。3. Tony worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. 托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作，而现在正在一家银行上班。lawyer l:j n. 律师 a lawyers office 律师事务所4. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. 他的薪水很高，但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。1) 连词and在这句话中可解释为“并且”、“另外”(in addition)2) get get verb. (getting, got, got gt (美国英语口语中过去分词几乎都用gotten)1. vn no passive to receive sth收到；接到：e.g. 今天早上我收到玛丽的一封来信。I got a letter from Mary this morning.2. no passive sth (for yourself/sb.)/ (yourself/sb.) sth. to obtain sth.获得；得到e.g. vn 尽量睡会吧。Try to get some sleep. 他刚找到一份新工作。He has just got a new job. vnn 你为什么不买辆汽车呢？Why dont you get yourself a car? 给你母亲买礼物了吗？Did you get a present for your mother?/ Did you get your mother a present?3. vn no passivesth(for sth) to obtain or receive an amount of money by selling sth(买某物)挣得；获得e.g. 我们这房子卖了12万英镑。We got 120,000 pounds for the house.4. to go to a place and bring sb./sth. back 去取(或带来) synonym: fetche.g. 我得去机场接我的母亲。I have to go and get my mother from the airport(=pick her up). vnn 给约翰拿杯饮料来。Get a drink for John./ Get john a drink.5. vnno passive to achieve or be given a particular mark/grade in an exam(考试)获得；达到e.g. 他化学考试得中，英语考试得良。He got a C in Chemistry and a B in English.6. to reach a particular state or condition; to make sb./sth./yourself reach a particular state or condition (使)达到；处于e.g. 发怒；生厌；饥饿；发胖 to get angry/bored/hungry/fat你会很快习惯这里的气候的。Youll soon get used to the climate here.我们该走了，天色越来越晚了。We ought to go; its getting late.穿上/脱下衣服 to get dressed/undressed(=to put your clothes on/take your clothes off)他们打算夏天结婚。They plan to get married in the summer.7. vn-ADJsth done to cause sth. to happen or be done 使(某事)发生；使完成(某事)e.g. 我得理发了。I must get my hair cut.这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。Ill never get all this work finished.8.v+adv./prep. to arrive at or reach a place or point抵达，到达(某地或某点)e.g. 我们7点钟到达了北京。We got to Beijing at 7 oclock.9. vn (spoken) to answer the telephone or a door when sb. calls, knocks, etc.接(电话)；应(门)e.g. 你去接一下电话好吗？Will you get the phone?10. vn no passive(informal) to understand sb./sth.理解；明白e.g. 我搞不懂你的意思。I dont get you. 她不明白那笑话的含义。She didnt get the joke.3) good在这里的意思是“相当大/多的”、“相当可观的”：only before noun great in number, amount or degree(数量或程度)相当大的；相当多的e.g. 相当多的人 a good many people这厨房相当大。The kitchen is a good size.我们花了好长时间找这房子。We spent a good while (=quite a long time) looking for the house.我花了整整3小时才到达那里。It takes me a good three hours to get there.4) salary slri n.(pl. -ies) money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every month.薪金，薪水(尤指按月发放的)：e.g. 4万元的年薪 an annual njul salary of $40,000 基本工资 basic salary 加薪9% a 9% salary increase 她的薪金是2.4万英镑。Shes on a salary of 24,000 pounds. 高新 a fat/high/good salary 低薪 a poor/low salary5) borrow bru v. 1. vn sth(from sb./sth.) to take and use sth that belongs to sb. else, and return it to them at a later time借；借用e.g. 借你的伞用一下行吗？Can I borrow your umbrella?会员在图书馆每次最多可借十本书。Members can borrow up to ten books from the library at any one time.2.(sth.) (from sb./sth.) to take money from a person or bank and agree to pay it back to them at a later time借入(款项)；(向)借贷e.g. vn 她向她的父母借了2000英镑。She borrowed 2000 pounds from her parents. vi 我不喜欢向朋友借钱。I dont like to borrow from friends.3. sth(from sb./sth.)to take words, ideas, etc. from another language, person, etc. and use them, as your own引用，借用(思想、言语等)e.g. vn 某些音乐术语是从意大利语引入的。Some musical terms are borrowed from Italian. vi那位作家大量引用亨利.詹姆斯的作品。The author borrows heavily from Henry James.borrower bru n. a person or an organization that borrows money, especially from a bank借款人；借方 borrowing br n. 1. c,u 借款；贷款；借贷e.g. 高利率有助于控制借贷。High interest rates help to keep borrowing down.2.c 借用的言语(或思想等)6) pay pei v. (paid, paid)/n.1. vt. 支付，付钱给e.g. 那条裙子你付了多少钱？How much did you pay for that dress?注：为某件东西或某项服务付钱用pay fore.g. (1) 你付给面包师多少钱？ How much did you pay the baker? (2) 我来付你修理费。Let me pay you for the repair.注：付某人钱用pay sb.,为某事付某人钱时用pay sb. for sth. 但付账单时用pay a bill, 如：e.g. 我已付了账单。I have paid the bill.2.vi. 付款，交款e.g. (1) 我将用支票付款。Ill pay by cheque.(AmE check). (2) 杰克付了饮料钱。 Jack paid for the drinks.3.vi. (for sth.) to suffer or be punished for your beliefs or actions付代价；遭受惩罚e.g. 你要为你的话付出代价的！Youll pay for that remark!Phr.v pay sb. back. (sth.)/pay sth. back (to sb.) to return money that you borrowed from sb.(向某人)还钱e.g. 我下周把钱还给你。Ill pay you back next week.你可以在三年内分期归还贷款。You can pay back the loan over a period of three years.pay sb. back. (for sth.)to punish sb. for making you or sb. else suffer报复；惩罚e.g. 他让我当众出丑，我非治治他不可。Ill pay him back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone.pay sth. off to finish paying money owed for sth.付清；偿清e.g. 我们历经15年的时间还清了抵押贷款。We paid off our mortgage after fifteen years.(mortgage m:id n. 按揭(由银行等提供房产抵押借款)；按揭贷款vt. 以(房地产)作按揭贷款的抵押)n. u the money that sb. gets for doing regular work工资，薪水e.g. (1) 酬金不少。 The pay is good. (2) 她失去了三周的薪水。She lost three weeks pay.5. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. 托尼看见了我，就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前。6. He has never borrowed money from me. 他从未向我借过钱。7. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. 当他吃饭时，我提出向他借20英镑。lend lend v. (lent, lent)1. (out)sth. (to sb.)/(sb.) sth to give sth to sb. or allow them to use sth. that belongs to you, which they have to return to you later借给；借出e.g. 我把车借给汤姆了。Ive lent the car to Tom. / Ive lent Tom the car.2. sth. (to sb.)/(sb.) sth (银行或金融机构) 贷(款)e.g. 他们拒绝向我们贷款。They refused to lend us the money. / They refused to lend the money to us.3. sth. (to sb./sth.) / (sb./sth.) sth to give or provide help, support, etc.给予；提供(帮助、支持等)e.g. vn 我非常乐意给这样美好的事业提供援助。 I was more than happy to lend my support to such a good cause.(cause n.1.c 原因；起因 2.u(for sth) 理由；动机；缘故 3. c (支持或为之奋斗的)事业，目标，理想)vnn他来给与我精神上的支持。He came along to lend me moral support.(come along 1. 到达；抵达；出现 2. 跟随；跟着来 3. 进步；进展)IDM:1. lend (sb.) a (helping) hand (with sth.) (informal) to help sb. with sth. 帮助；援助；搭把手e.g. 我走过去看我能不能帮上忙。I went over to see if I could lend a hand.(go over (to sp.)从一处到(另一处)2. lend support to sth. 对提供支持e.g. 这一最新的证据更加印证了她的理论。This latest evidence lends support to her theory.lender n. (finance财) a person or an organization that lends money放款人lending n. u (finance财) the act of lending money 放款；贷放lending library n. a public library from which you can borrow books and take them away to read at home(书籍可外借的)公共图书馆lending rate n. (finance财)贷款利率；放款利率8. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 令我惊奇的是，他立刻把钱给了我。immediately imi:ditli adv., conj.adv. 1. without delay; at once立刻；立即e.g. 她几乎立刻就回答了。She answered almost immediately.2.(usually with prepositions通常与介词连用)next to or very close to a particular place or time接近；紧接；附近e.g. 一过教堂就向右拐。Turn right immediately after the church. 战前的最后几年 the years immediately before the war3.(usually with past participles 通常与过去分词连用)closely and directly紧接地；直接地e.g. 事态的发展会通报给每一个直接有关人员。Everyone who is immediately involved will be informed of developments.我把车直接停在戏院前面了。I had parked immediately in front of the theatre.Conj. (esp. BrE) as soon as一就；即刻e.g. 她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。Immediately she had gone, I remembered her name.adj. immediate 1. happening or done without delay 立即的；立刻的 synonym: instant instnte.g. 即时的反应/回应 an immediate reaction/response立即采取行动 to take immediate action 2. usually before noun existing now and needing urgent attention目前的；当前的；迫切的e.g.我们的当务之急是帮助那些死者的亲属。Our immediate concern is to help the families of those who died.3. only before noun next to or very close to a particular place or time接近的；紧接的；附近的e.g. 短期内前景乐观。 The prospects for the immediate future are good. (prospect prspekt n. 1.u (of sth/of doing sth)/(that)可能性；希望2. (of sth/of doing sth)前景；展望；设想 3. (prospects) pl.(for/of sth)成功的机会；前景；前途 ) 4. only before noun having a direct effect ifekt (作用)直接的e.g. 造成死亡的直接原因不明。The immediate cause of death is unknown.9. I have never borrowed any money from you, Tony said, so now you can pay for my dinner!“我还从未向你借过钱，”托尼说道，“所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了！”Grammar in use1. Review在前10课的语法中，我们比较了一般过去时、一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时和过去进行时等时态以及和它们相关的时间状语，另外还学习了被动语态。现在我们通过例句简要回顾一下所学过的内容。e.g. 你曾经在一家银行工作过，是不是？(once指过去曾经、一度，与现在的状况没有关系) You once worked in a bank, didnt you? 是的。但是我现在在一家工厂上班。(now强调目前状况)Yes, but Im working in a factory now. 托尼经常在河里游泳。(usually是表示经常性动作的频度副词，与一般现在时连用) Tony usually swims in the river. 不过他今天正在湖里游泳。Well, he is swimming in the lake today. 你见到玛丽了吗？(不需要特定的时间状语)Have you seen Mary?我最后一次看见她时，她正在做午饭。(过去进行时与一般过去时经常同时出现在一个句子中) She was cooking lunch when I saw her last.(last adv. most recently最新；最近；上一次)他由他母亲教会读书。(动作是对主语执行的) He was taught to read by his mother.谁教他读书的？(主语是动作执行者) Who taught him to read?他母亲。His mother did.2. 动词+名词/代词+带to的不定式某些动词之后的带to 的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词/代词可有可无，但有和没有经常影响整个句子的意义：e.g. 我想和约翰谈话。(=I will speak) I want to speak to John.我希望你和约翰谈谈。(=You will speak) I want you to speak to John.但是，还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时，其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有：allow, advise, help, teach, tell, request等等。这类动词不但可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：e.g. 格林先生没让我们看那幅画。Mr. Green did not allow us to see the picture.人们不许我们看那幅画。We were not allowed to see the picture.他教我绘画。He taught me to paint.简帮着朱莉做饭。Jane helped Julie to cook the meal.Word study1.salary与wagesalary可译为“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指职员、脑力劳动者(如律师、教师、医生等)的收入，数额比较固定，一般按月支付：e.g. 我每月28号领工资。My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.wage可译为“工资”、“工钱”，通常指技工或一般体力劳动者的收入，按周或天支付。wage一般用复数形式wages:e.g. 我当侍者时工资不高，但小费可观。When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.(tip n. 1. 尖端；尖儿；端 2. 小费；小账)妇女的报酬通常很低。Women often get low wages.salary c 薪水 尤指非体力劳动者按月领取的工资wage c 工资 常用复数形式 wages 指体力劳动者按周领取的工资pay u the money that sb. gets for doing regular work工资；薪水 指雇者定期付给的工资2. borrow 与 lendborrow的意思是“借”、“借入”，经常与from连用：e.g. 他昨天借了我的钢笔，到现在他还没有还我。 He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasnt given me it yet. 我能从您这里借20英镑吗？我明天就还给您。 Can I borrow 20 pounds from you please? Ill pay/give it back tomorrow.lend的意思是“把借给”、“借出”，经常与介词to连用：e.g. 他不肯借给汤姆钱。He refused to lend any money to Tom. 您能借给我20英镑吗？我明天就还给您。Can you lend me 20 pounds please? Ill pay/give it back tomorrow.你今天下午能把车借我用一下吗？Can you lend your car to me this afternoon?9
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