2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题21（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Britains press is unusual （ ）it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.问题1选项A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格后为原因状语从句，表原因。in that相当于because，可引导原因状语从句。句意：英国的报纸不同寻常之处在于，它被分为两种截然不同的报纸:严肃报纸和大众报纸。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, （ ）in the San Francisco area.问题1选项A.remarkablyB.severelyC.drasticallyD.predominantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。remarkably “显著地，惊人地”；severely “严重地，严格地”；drastically “彻底地，激烈地”；predominantly “主要地，显著地”。句意：在美国，三分之一的中国人居住在加利福尼亚，大多数主要居住在旧金山地区。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The ascent to the mountain is （ ） but anyone who makes it to the top is rewarded by a spectacular view.问题1选项A.helpfulB.assiduousC.arduousD.unique【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。helpful “有帮助的”；assiduous “刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous “努力的，费力的”；unique “特别的”。句意：登到山顶是艰苦的，但任何成功登顶的人都会欣赏到壮观的景色。选项C符合题意。4. 翻译题今诸生学于太学(the Imperial College)，县官(the royal court)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(Directors of Studies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实 的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底， 使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢， 更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）【答案】Nowadays many students pursue an education in the Imperial College, they wouldnt need to worry about starvation and coldness as the royal court would offer them everyday food for free and parents your seasonal clothes. Without going outside, they just sit in the comfortable room and read the classic poems and historical books. With Directors of Studies and Mr. Knowledge being their teachers, all of their questions and inquiries will be solved. The College has such a sufficient collection of books that they neednt make handwritten copies after borrowing books from others like I did before. If they make no achievement in their study and fail to be a person of high virtue, it doesnt result from their learning ability but their less devotion. It is their own fault.People fight for dreams just the same as for wealth. Dreams come into the reality world from a fantasy one, and become a kind of real force in our lives. No matter how puzzling they may seem, dreams hide in our inner hearts so that we could ever find no peace in our minds until they become reality. Like seeds deep underground, dreams sprout and grow to find the sun.It is the best time now to study on human similarities in cross-culture and multi-culture aspects. No more differences. Emphasizing the differences keeps us away from each other and suspects each other for a long time. Deepening our divergences would result in, to some extremes, our doubts to everybody, and make our human nature lost, we might end up with cruel killing among us.Rather than being quick and of great insight, the forensic scientists work remains slow and analytic. The high quality and carefulness of this method, however, could be shown on the following facts. Only a few cases would actually come to trial. The defendants are often convinced by the forensic evidence presented in the pre-trials, which are scientific and important enough to establish their guilt, and commit to crimes before trials. admit their crimes before trials.5. 单选题A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.prospective【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。Guarantee “保证”；security “安全”；demand “需要”；prospective “预期，展望”。句意：健康、受良好教育的新一代是各国经济社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism and gravitation: their effects can be measured and predicted but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Electricity”, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principal that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.1.The aim of controlled scientific experiment is （ ）.2.What principals most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?3.Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is （ ）.4.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea （ ）.5.Modem science came into being （ ）.问题1选项A.to explain why things happenB.to explain how things happenC.to describe self-evident principlesD.to support Aristotelian science问题2选项A.The influence of St. PaulsB.The forces of electricity magnetism and gravityC.Aristotles natural scienceD.Galileos discoveries.问题3选项A.disapproved of by most modem scientistsB.in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principlesC.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happenD.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen问题4选项A.that there are mysterious forces in the universeB.that man cannot discover what forces “really” areC.that there are self-evident principalsD.that we can discover why things behave as they do问题5选项A.when the method of controlled experiment was first introducedB.when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happenC.when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happenD.when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出控制实验的方法目的在于解释事情是如何发生的。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章, “Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.”，可知以亚里士多德为例，他的自然科学主宰了西方两千年的思想，他相信人可以通过自明的原理进行推理来理解现实。可判断出两千多年来，对科学思想影响最大的原则是亚里士多德的自然科学。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.”，可知罗素对电的看法是：电不是一种物质，而是一种事物表现的方式，当我们解释了事物通电时的表现，以及在什么情况下通电时，我们已经解释了所有。可判断出罗素关于电的解释与科学调查的结果相一致，其目的是弄清事情是如何发生的。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。文章提出随着人类文明探索的进步，人类无法解释一些神秘力量的本质，后面举了罗素的和亚里士多德的观点为例子，说明人类能够通过对原理进行推理，解释神秘力量的本质和事物为何发生。可判断出最近科学家才开始同意现代科学能够对科学中的神秘力量进行解释。选项B符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出当控制实验方法首次被引入时，现代科学诞生了。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of （ ）enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would ensure wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.sustainableB.credibleC.certifiedD.unprecedented【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。Sustainable “可支撑的，可持续的”；credible “可信任的”；certified “有保证的”；unprecedented “空前的”。句意：一些人认为他们正在进入一个前所未有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和有益的技术将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题A few years ago a lone American campaigner wrote a book in which he set out the main points of his fascinating crusadeto abolish television. His book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American cult bestseller, and after eight editions it is still generating concern and savage debate in the USA.Jerry Mander, a former advertising expert is convinced that for the sake of our freedom, and mental and physical health, we should learn to live without TV. Through his advertising background Mander is aware how much of television is concerned with advertising. He sees the planting of values for profit as a deep, profound and disturbing act by the few against the many, for a trivial purpose. And, even without commercials, he sees TV as disturbing because it crams peoples heads with images which alter the way they feel and behave. Pictures formed by 300,000 tiny dancing dots altering 30 times per second, bombard their eyes as people scan the images 10 times a second. The brain registers and stores all 30 images, but the conscious mind registers far fewer. But, argues Mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late, the crucial messages have gone home.He further argues that TV is deadening experience as it is restricted to just two sensessight and sound. “Perception is dulled and flattered”, says Mander, “when you cant feel and smell and totally experience an event.” People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound. No culture in history has spent such an enormous amount of time looking at artificial light, says Mander, and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells, which is why it is being used for certain medical treatment. Researchers do not know if life-long TV exposure is a physical risk or not, but as Mander would argue, why run the risk? It is important that people get up now and switch off before the harm is done, they might also become brainwashed, or who know, they might even be approaching death.1.Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is a book which （ ）.2.Jerry Mander objects to TV advertising mainly because （ ）.3.Mander thinks peoples feelings and behaviour are changing because （ ）.4.By watching TV for several hours every night, Mander implies that （ ）.5.Mander suggests that viewing TV over long periods of time （ ）.问题1选项A.caused distress to many AmericansB.achieved great success overseasC.aroused nation-wide interestD.expressed the views of a fascinating man问题2选项A.the underlying principles concern money-makingB.it is ineffectual in getting its message acrossC.a few people are deeply disturbed by itD.the values it conveys are accepted by all问题3选项A.the brain is damaged by too much sitting before the televisionB.the conscious mind is incapable of filtering images to the brainC.their eyes scan a TV screen 10 times a secondD.the conscious mind is unable to reject the image it sees问题4选项A.people would lose the use of their other sensesB.peoples experience of life would become deadenedC.peoples ability to respond to events would lessenD.people would come to depend on only two senses问题5选项A.could lead to deathB.might cause brain damageC.could endanger peoples healthD.would make cells malignant【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“His book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is an American cult bestseller, and after eight editions it is still generating concern and savage debate in the USA.”，可知消除电视的四个理由是美国的狂热畅销书，经过八个版本之后，仍在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。可判断出这本书引起了全国的兴趣。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“He sees the planting of values for profit as a deep, profound and disturbing act by the few against the many, for a trivial purpose.”，可知他认为，广告是为了利益而植入价值观，是少数人为了一个不重要的目的对多数人采取的一种深刻而烦扰的行为。可判断出Jerry Mander反对电视广告主要是因为其基本原则与利益相关。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第二段，“argues Mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late, the crucial messages have gone home.”，可知曼德认为，即使你有意识地拒绝或怀疑你所看到的一切，也为时已晚，关键的信息已经传达到家了。可判断出曼德认为人们的情感和行为正在发生变化的原因在于有意识的大脑无法过滤传递到大脑的信息，人们已经潜意识里受到了影响。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“People are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a flickering screen and listening to artificial sound.”，可知人们只是被动地坐着，每晚看四个小时闪烁的屏幕，听虚拟的声音。可推断出曼德认为，每晚看几个小时的电视会使人们变得被动，反应能力会减弱。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“says Mander, and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells,”，可知曼德认为，另一个令人担忧的事实是，长时间暴露在人造光下会改变人类细胞。可判断出长时间看电视对人体健康有害。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题No form of government in the world is （ ）; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.问题1选项A.dominantB.influentialC.integralD.drastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant “显性的，占优势的”；influential “有影响力的，有势力的”；integral “完整的，整体的”；drastic “激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政府形式是占优势的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit will be doing their best next week to （ ）themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revive “复兴，苏醒”；retort “反驳，回嘴”；revenge “复仇”；remedy “补救，治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态非常好，下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利复仇。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Here in the US, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts. Great migrating hordes of these insects once darkened the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops were often destroyed; the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 124 million locusts. During another migration in Nebraska it was estimated the swarm of locusts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms take off from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn and fly with it. Warm convection currents help to lift them often to great heights. During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems. The new document was known as “Grasshopper Constitution”. It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of the lesser migratory locust, which is still common there. In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locust populations become too crowded. Fortunately for our farmers, the migratory form, the so-called spretus species, no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in mid-western United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the state constitution of Nebraska was rewritten in order to （ ）.3.According to the passage, North American and African migratory locusts are similar in that （ ）.4.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?问题1选项A.The Life Cycle of Locusts.B.Migratory Locusts in the US.C.Locust Plagues in Nebraska.D.The Reproductive Capability of the Locust.问题2选项A.make the constitution more understandable to the publicB.encourage the farmers to leave the stateC.provide for a regular census of the locus populationD.solve difficulties that resulted from loss of crops问题3选项A.they always travel toward mountainous regionsB.their destructive activities occur only in plain areasC.climates affect their developmentD.they are both mentioned in state constitutions问题4选项A.The outbreak of locusts in 1938 was more serious than any other in history.B.Nebraska farmers had no locust problems in the years 1874 - 1877.C.There is a possibility that crops in the US might be destroyed by locusts in the future.D.There is a chance that African migratory locusts may make their way to the US.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。本文主要讲述了美国的两次蝗灾，下文接着提到了内布拉斯加州政府修订了州宪法来解决蝗虫带来的经济灾难，最后提出预测，如果条件允许，蝗虫依然会迁徙而带来灾害。所以整篇文章都关于蝗虫的迁徙。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章， “During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems.”，可知在蝗灾期间，情况变得如此严重，原来的州宪法不得不重写，以处理经济问题。可判断出内布拉斯加州的州宪法是为了解决因农作物减产而造成的经济问题。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors.”，可知在迁移形式上，北美和非洲的蝗虫很相似。在这两个区域，迁徙形式都是由于拥挤和气候因素而产生的。可判断出北美和非洲的蝗虫相似原因在于气候影响。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章，“the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877.”，可知最糟糕的年份是1874年到1877年。可判断出1938年不是最严重的一年，选项A可排除。文中只提到1874-1877年遇到了蝗灾问题，并没有提及内布拉斯加州是否发生，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一句，“there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.”，可知如果情况有利，破坏性的迁移形式有可能会再次出现，并不能说明非洲蝗虫一定会迁徙到美国。选项D可排除。根据排除法，选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Every effort should contribute to the healthy development of our company, but how did they reach such a decision that may be （ ） to the companys future?问题1选项A.irrelevantB.detrimentalC.casualD.preceding【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。Irrelevant “不相干的”；detrimental “有害的”；casual “随意的，偶然的”；preceding “先前的”。句意：每一项努力都应该为公司的健康发展做出贡献，但是他们是如何做出这样一个可能对公司未来不利的决定的呢?选项B符合题意。13. 单选题Susan has （ ） the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。reinforce “加强，加固”；sustain “维持，支撑”；steady “使稳定，稳固”；confirm“确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革加固儿子夹克的肘部，使它更耐穿。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Coffee can be considered one of natures greatest gifts, it gives mental and emotional（1）without harmful side effects, and it （2） a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is （3）their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, （4）some believe coffee isnt good for you at all.Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is （5 ）. Moderate consumption of coffee （6）your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible （7） eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does, something. A small number of them can help serve （8）a buffer against negative elements, if they arent（9）in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesnt happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be （10）either. Not only does caffeine make you more（11）, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling （12） or