2022年高考英语一轮复习《情态动词与虚拟语气》教案 新人教版 (I)

2022年高考英语一轮复习情态动词与虚拟语气教案 新人教版 (I)一、情态动词考点一can和could的用法1表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？2表示可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。can和could没有时态的差异，只是could不太肯定。Jogging can be harmful to the health.慢跑可能会对健康有害Accidents can/could happen on such rainy days.这样的多雨天气可能会发生交通事故。(客观的可能性)3can用于否定句，意为“应该不是，不可能”。I think its all right. She cant make a mistake.我想应该没事，她不可能犯错误。4cannot.too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。You cannot remember enough English words.你记的英语单词越多越好。5cannot butdo sth.表示“不得不，只好”。I couldnt but choose to go. 我只好去。根据句意可知答案为B。考点二may和might的用法may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。1表示许可。May I e in?Might I borrow your puter?2表示可能性。may和might表示可能性时，可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。Peter may e with us tonight, but he isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)3“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。You may as well do it at once.We may as well stay where we are.4may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用mustnt表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car?No, you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)不，你不可以。考点三must的用法1表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。We must do everything step by step.在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事，have to表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化。I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later.注意：回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定回答，不可以用mustnt而用neednt或是dont have to，因为mustnt意思是“绝不能，一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。Must we hand in our exercises today?Yes, you must. 是的，必须交。(肯定回答)/No, you neednt (you dont have to)不，不必今天交。(否定回答)Must I work out the problem tonight?No, you neednt.2表示猜测、推测。must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。(对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have过去分词。)He must be ill. He looks so pale.I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.3表示禁止(用于否定句)。Smoking must not be allowed in the office.4表示“偏执”，“固执”。Must you make so much noise?If you must smoke, please go out.考点四shall的用法1第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shall we begin our class? Shall the driver wait outside?2第二、第三人称陈述句中，表说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.考点五will和would的用法1表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决定等。would用于过去的情况。Can someone fetch some water?I will.2与you连用表示请求或要求：用wont you强调邀请的语气。would比will更客气、委婉。Would you mind opening the window for me?3will表示规律性的“注定会”。You will regret forever if you lose the chance.如果失去这个机会你会后悔一辈子的。考点六need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1.做情态动词You neednt telephone him now.She dare not go out alone at night.2用作实义动词You dont need to do it yourself.The table needs painting (to be painted)We should dare to give our own opinion. He did not dare to look up.可知，空白处填Need。答句意为“还需要问吗？当然是蒂姆了。”考点七used to和would1表示过去重复、习惯性动作时，used to可用would代替。He would sit at the door waiting for his son ing back.2used to强调过去与现在对比，would则没这个意思。He used to get up early. 他以前常常起得很早。(他现在不早起了)3表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可以用would。There used to be a tree in my yard.考点八could/might/would/should表委婉的功能Could/Might I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can/may.(否定：No, Im afraid not.) 好，你可以(用)。(不，恐怕不行。)不可说：Yes, you could/might.回答允许时，用could/might表委婉是不恰当的。Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you can.Would you do me a favor?考点九“情态动词have done”的用法1must have done此结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。其否定或疑问形式用cant，而不用mustnt。He must have been drunk to say that. 他准是喝醉了才那样说的。2shouldhave done表示本应该做而实际上没有做，其否定式“shouldnt have done”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。I think he should have tried to get more qualifications before applying for the job. 我认为他在申请这份工作之前应首先努力取得更多的资格证明。3can (could)have done肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。You could have told me you were going to be late.4may (might)have done表示对过去(将来)发生的行为的推测，表示可能干了某事。Who knows what will happen? You may even have married by then.谁知道会发生什么呢？到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了。5ought tohave done表示过去应做某事而实际未做，其否定式是“ought not to不定式完成式”，此时ought to可与should换用。What you ought to have done is call the police.6neednthave done表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。Terence has done so little work; he neednt have bothered to e to school today.特伦斯几乎没做什么功课，他今天其实就不用来学校。二、虚拟语气考点一虚拟语气用于状语从句中1虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they)动词过去式(be的形式一律用were)I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/might动词原形If he were indoors, he wouldnt feel so cold.与过去事实相反If I (we，you，he，she，it，they) had过去分词I (we，you，he，she，it，they)would/should/could/mighthave doneIf you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.与将来事实相反A式：If主语一般过去时B式：If主语were to doC式：If主语should doI (we，do，he，she，it，they) would/should/could/might动词原形A：If he were here this evening, we would play cards.B：If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy.C：If she should know it, she would tell me.2虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在过去)If they had left home in early morning, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。(过去将来)3蓄虚拟条件句，有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，常用的介词有with，without，but for等。But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.Without electricity life would be quite different today. 考题印证I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.Awent Bhad gone Cwould go Dwould have gone考点二虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1用于宾语从句中。(1)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.How I wish I had listened to my parents advice!How I wish it werent raining now. 考题印证Lets play football together tomorrow afternoon.OK, but how I wish I_ it as skillfully as you.Aplayed Bhave playedChad played Dwill play (2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. (3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其结构为：would rather sb.I would rather they didnt hear of the news.I would rather you hadnt told him the news yet.2用于主语从句中。It is desired/suggested/proposed/remended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.It is strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句谓语动词be之前发生，所以要用“should have acted”)真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。考题印证Its strongly suggested that measures _ students to cheat in the exams.Abe taken to prevent Bbe taken to forbidCare taken to prevent Dare taken to forbid3用于表语从句和同位语从句中。在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.4. 当insist表“坚持说，认为”、suggest 表“暗示，表明”、advice 表“通知，告知”这些特殊意思时，从句中不用虚拟语气His pale face suggested that he was ill, so his mother suggested he go to hospital.They advised that the goods had arrived and advised we should take them away as soon as possible. 考点三特殊句型中的虚拟语气1it is (high/about) time (that).句型中的虚拟语气。句型“it is (high/about) time (that).”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should动词原形”，意为“该是的时候了”。It is time (that) we went home.Its high time that we _ ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.Ahae devoted BdevotedCare devoting Dhad devoted2if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气。在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could/might动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。If only I had not been ill last week!3as if从句中的虚拟语气。as if从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。It looks as if its going to rain.The kid talks as if he were a grownup. 考题印证Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been D. had been