2022年高中英语 第十五周 定语从句导学案 新人教版必修1

2022年高中英语 第十五周 定语从句导学案 新人教版必修1定语从句：修饰_或_的从句先行词：定语从句中被修饰的词关系词：引导定语从句的连接词，连接_指代_，在从句中作句子成分。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。注What不能引导定语从句！1.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man / wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（在从句中作_） He is the man / I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（在从句中作_）2）whose 用来指人或物的所有格，例如： They rushed over to help the man car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity / had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（在句中作_）The package / you are carrying is about to e unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（在句中作_）2.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions （ ）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place （ ）I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason （ ）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？关系副词和介词+关系代词1）. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）. that前不能有介词。3）. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。关系副词先行词的特征与关系代词的转换在从句中的作用when表时间的名词on/ at/ in+which时间状语where表具体地点或抽象空间的名词on/ at/ in+ which地点状语whyreasonfor which原因状语This is the house _ which/ _ I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 Do you remember the day _ which/_ you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？注意事项：1. “介词+which/ whom”结构中，which用于指代物，whom用于指代人。如： The man to whom I am sending an e-mail is my business partner. The pen with which you are writing is Marys.2. “介词+which/ whom”结构中，介词的选择一般取决于先行词的习惯搭配、从句中的动词、形容词等的习惯搭配以及从句的意义。如： She didnt give the reason_ / _ which she was late for school again. The girl _ whom you talked at the meeting is a college student. The thing about/ of which Mr. Johnson was not sure was the young mans honesty.3. 在定语从句中，含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。如： The machine which I have looked after for twenty years is still working well.4. 在定语从句中，当关系代词which作介词的宾语时，既可以把介词放在which之前（正式语体），也可以放在从句的末尾（非正式语体）。当介词放在定语从句末尾时，关系词既可用which，也可用that。如： Luckily, wed brought a road map without which we would have lost our way. It is a thing (that/ which) I have dreamed of and worked for.3.判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village I stayed last year. This is the mountain village I visited last year. Ill never forget the days I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 Ill never forget the days I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择。e.g. 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the onee.g. 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 _，例2_e.g. 1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.e.g. 2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 分析：在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选_。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选_。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。4. 注意事项：1） 先行词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词通常可省略。如：The dish (that) my father cooks is always delicious.2） 当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing等（复合）不定代词或先行词被first, last, only, few, much等词以及形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词一般多用that，不用which。如：The first thing that I do when I wake up every morning is to drink some water.There is always something that we are not satisfied with in our life.3） 当先行词由人和物共同充当时，关系代词只能用that。如：We talked about the people and things that we remembered in middle school.4）whose在定语从句中既可以指人，也可以指物，用作名词的限定语，可以用“the + n + of whom/ of which”结构代替。如：My brother, whose house (_ whom) we just passed, is a doctor.There are still many people whose living conditions (_ whom) are terrible 5. 定语从句“双节棍” 非限制性定语从句I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from others.I will wear no clothes , which will distinguish me from others.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A做宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who代替whom D 可用修饰整个句子A不可省 B不用that C不用who代替whomD有as，类似which含义上限制性定语从句有涉他性；非限制性定语从句有唯一性。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数：IntheclasstherearetenstudentswhospeakEnglishverywell.Intheclasstherearetenstudents,whospeakEnglishverywell.注：说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 6That 用法1、不用that的情况 a） 引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： b） 介词后不能用。例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2、 一般只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在there be 句型中作主语时, 用that，不用which, 而且常可以省略。如：This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.这是有史以来最快的列车。 b）在不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，或由不定代词来修饰时，只用that。 c）先行词有the only, the very, the right, the last修饰时，只用that。 d）先行词由最高级修饰； e）先行词由序数词修饰； f）先行词既有人，又有物时。I like the _ and_ _that you mentioned the other day. 我喜欢你前几天提到的那些作家和他们的作品。 g) 为避免与which重复使用时，要用that。例： Which is the car that was made in Beijing? 哪辆汽车是北京制造的？h) 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复时。如：Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?和我们校长说话的那人是谁？i). 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如：My hometown is no longer the place (that) it used to be.7. 定语从句之“特邀嘉宾”way在定语从句作先行词的用法 当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词可用inwhich,that或省略引导词whose引导的定语从句 Whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，当先行词指物时，可以用the+名词+ofwhich的结构as作关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有thesame,so或such与as相呼应,as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。注意：在thesame后也可用that引导定语从句，但含义有所不同。that引出的从句，指的是与先行词同一的事物，而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。2. 引导非限制性定语从句。带主句的全部或部分内容。常译为“正如”“就像”等，定语从句可以置于主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等动词的主、被动语态。注意as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别（见第五点）： as, which 非限制性定语从句区别1. as引导非限制性定语从句，只代表主语或主句的一部分所表达的意思(不能指代某个名词或代词)，可以放在主句前，后或中间，在从句中作主语或宾语。2. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。3. 用能做关系代词，as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，如：as we all know, as is known to all, as is said above等表“正如”之意，which则没有此含义。4. 当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于连系动词的seem, bee等时，可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时，只能用which作主语。例如：(1)He married her, as (正确)was / seemed natural.which （正确）(2)He saw the girl, as (错误)delighted him. which （正确典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. he2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it答案_. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为_。六、of短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况 oneofthe+复数名词这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果oneofthe+复数名词这一结构前面带有the/only/theonly之类的限定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，此时从句在意义上修饰的是theone.练习：单项选择1. Samuel survived when the car_ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. (xx上海春) A. where B. that C. as D. why2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. (上海xx) A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which3. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. (福建xx) A. that B. where C. which D. whose4. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister_ she would stay for an hour. (江西xx) A. where B. who C. which D. what5.Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? - You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. (天津xx) A. as B. which C. whereD. that6. Is there anythingI can do for you? A. which B. who C. whom D. that7. I have seen some strange trees, open at sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. whose leaves C. which leaves D. their leaves8. All we need is enough rest after long hours work. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which9. On the train I saw a girl I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. what10. Have you seen the film “Titanic” leading actor is world-famous? A. its B. that C. whose D. which11. (xx湖南高考题) Happiness and success often e to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which12. (xx湖南)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which13. (xx湖南)Julie was good at German ,French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 14. (xx福建高考题) The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which15. He is a teacher, _ is the admiration of all the young people nowadays.A. who B. which C. that D. what 16. After living in Beijing for fifty years she returned to the village_ she grew up.A. which B. where C. that D. when 17. We all believe that the hours _ the children spend in their oneway relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with reallife people.A. that B. when C. in which D. on which 18 In the new city there wasnt a single person_ the poor boy could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom19. Joan dance _ her mother did when she was John age.A. whatB. as ifC. the wayD. that20. The river, _ the banks are covered with trees, is very long.21. The boss paid us $10 for washing ten cars，most of_ hadnt been cleaned for at least half a year.A. these B. them C. that D. which22. I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future _ we did yesterday.A. which B. as C. that D. than 23. Mary was always singing high praise of her role in the office，_ of course，made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what24. Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 oclock at night, _ we students have gone to sleep. A. that time B. by which time C. by that time D. which time 25. We visited a factory_ makes bikes for children.A. where B. which C. in which D. at which26. It was quite a serious accident，_caused by careless driving.A. which I think was B. I think which was C. which I think it was D. I think which it was27. _ is known to everybody，light travels faster than sound. A. It B. As C. Which D. What28. She is the only one of the students in our class_ passed the exam this time. A. who hasnt B. who havent C. who didnt D. who doesnt 29. Last night they went to Toms party, _ they enjoyed very much.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. where30. Recently I brought a mobile phone, _ was very reasonable31. The factory _ we see today is no longer the one _ it was ten years ago.A. that; who B. /; that C. which; which D. where; that32. The weather turned out to be very good;_ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. this1. Bwhich引导非限制性定语从句，并指代前面整个主句。句意：他当老师，这一点是目前所有年轻人羡慕的。2. Bwhere引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。3. A关系代词或关系副词替代先行词必须在定语从句中作成分，因此“缺什么成分填什么成分”是解答关于定语从句的题目的关键。从句中的spend是及物动词，意为“度过”，因此所填的词应该作它的宾语。故答案为A。4. Dturn to sb. for help为固定句式，意思是“求助于”。5. Cin the way意为“以方式”，in可以省略。当先行词是way时可用in which, that或不填，因此答案为C。7. C名词或代词of关系代词whom/which可以引导非限制性定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系，作用相当于whose名词，of which the banksthe banks of whichwhose banks, 因此答案为C。8. Dwhich可引导非限制性定语从句；若most前加and，或改逗号为分号，则选B。9. B当先行词被such修饰时，关系代词用as。10. Bwhich引导非限制性定语从句，指整个主句所述内容。11. B句意：我们老师总是忙着备课到晚上11点钟，那时我们已经睡了。by意为“到时(为止)”，which time指代11 oclock at night。12. Bwhich在定语从句中作主语。13. A考查由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which替代先行词accident在定语从句中作主语。I think是插入语，放在which后面。14. Bas引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首，而which却不能。15. A根据句中的passed可排除C项和D项。当先行词被the only one修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数，故答案为A。16. Cwhich引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作宾语。17. B定语从句一定不要忽视标点符号的作用。由题干中的逗号可知此从句是非限制性定语从句，因此答案为B。18. B因为有and，所以用that 表示前句内容；若去掉 and，则应选C。19. B第一空格用关系代词which或that, 在定语从句中作宾语时可省略；第二空格当先行词是不定代词，关系代词在定语从句中作表语时用that。20. C分号的存在表明了两句的并列关系。若改分号为逗号，则应选B。