2022年高考英语二轮总复习 专题2 第6讲 动词及动词短语学案

2022年高考英语二轮总复习 专题2 第6讲 动词及动词短语学案考点归纳1：动词词汇积累和辨析 动词、动词词组既多且杂，多义性非常突出，初中阶段学过的动词，在高中阶段不断地出现新的意义，这些动词考生要在平时就进行笔记整理。 形似词辨析如： pete与plete; mand与demand; include与conclude; contribute与distribute; assure与 ensure; reserve, deserve, observe与preserve; change与exchange; explore, explode与 expand; inform, reform与transform; respect与inspect; intend与 attend; polish, publish与 punish; acquire与 require; wonder与wander等；近义词辨析如： assess与evaluate; accuse与charge; bother, disturb与interrupt; check与examine; bine与unite; refuse与reject; congratulate与celebrate; cure与treat; defeat与beat; defend与protect; persuade与advise等； 动词词组如： pick up, bring up, take up等。考点归纳2：两种常错、常考的可作谓语的动词 1. 几组容易混淆的动词原形，过去式和过去分词形式hang hanged hanged绞死hang hung hung悬挂lay laid laid放置lie lied lied说谎lie lay lain平卧find found found发现found founded founded建立fall fell fallen跌倒feel felt felt感受2. 实为及物动词却常被误认为不及物动词enter (误为enter into)marry (误为marry with)reach (误为reach to)mention (误为mention about)serve (误为serve for)address (误为address to)approach (误为approach with)考点归纳3：动词词组的辨析 1. get: get along 离开、进展、继续；get across (使)越过、使让人理解；get away 逃避；get back 回来、取回；get down 记下、使某人忧愁；get off 下车(飞机)、下班；get on 上车；get in 收割、插话；get up 起床、站起；get through 接通(电话)、通过、完成；get together 聚会、收集。2. take: take away 拿走、带走、消除(病痛)、减去；take down 取下、记下、拆掉、病倒；take out 拔掉、带(某人)出去、获得；take off 脱掉(衣服)、起飞；take up 占据(时间或空间)、以作为爱好或消遣、从事(某职业或活动)。 3. turn: turn into 拐入、(使)变成；turn off 关掉、使厌烦；turn on 打开(电脑等)、取决、进攻；turn over 翻转、反复考虑、移交；turn to 翻到、求助于、转向；turn up 将(音量)调大、找到、出现；turn down 调小(音量)、拒绝；turn out 结果是、证明是、露面。 4. e: e about 发生；e across (偶然)遇见；e on 来吧、加油；e along 一道去；e in 进来、上市；e out 出版、出来；e over 来访、产生；e round 来访、到来；e to 来到、合计、苏醒、谈到。 5. give: give away 赠送、泄露；give back 归还、送回；give in 让步、屈服；give off 发出(气味、光等); give out 分发、用完、耗尽、发出(气味、热等)；give up 放弃。 6. pick: pick out 挑选、找出；pick up 拿起、捡起、收拾、自然学会、接受(节目等)、(用车)来接、重新开始、感染(疾病、坏习惯等)。7. break: break away (from) 摆脱、改掉；break down 出故障、破坏、分解；break in 突然进来、插嘴；break into 强行进入、突然起来；break out (火灾、疾病、战争等)突然爆发(不用于被动语态)；break up 解散、结束、破裂、绝交。 8. look: look about / around 环顾；look after 照看、照顾；look at 注视；look down upon / on 看不起；look for 寻找；look forward to 期盼(to是介词)；look into 调查；look like 看起来像；look out 往外看、当心；look over 审阅、检查；look through 翻看、浏览；look to 注意、负责；look up to 尊敬。 例1：(xx全国新课标卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to_. A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage【解析】C威廉发现阅读越来越困难，因为他的视力开始下降。fail 指“(健康、视力等)开始变弱，退化”，符合题意。disappear 消失；fall 落下；下跌； damage 损害。 例2：(xx福建卷) In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. I cant agree more. Its great to have the two _. A. linked B. related C. connected D. bined【解析】 D考查动词词义辨析。link 与联系在一起；relate 与有关；connect 连接；bine 使联合，使结合。 例3：(xx浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children. A. consider B. support C. confirm D. submit【解析】B考查动词辨析。句意：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。consider 考虑，思考，认为等；support 支持，拥护，维持；confirm 证实，确认；submit 使屈服，使经受。例4：(xx福建卷)Id prefer to_my judgement until I find all the evidence. A. show B. express C. pass D. reserve 【解析】D题意：我会等到我找到所有的证据之后再作判断。reserve“(为某个人或某种用途)保留”，符合题意。show展示；出示；证明；带领；express 表达；pass 通过；经过；传递。 例5：(xx山东卷)Sam _ some knowledge of the puter just by watching others working on it. Abrought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up【解析】C考查动词短语辨析。句意：山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起；搭载；整理；重新开始；获得”等意义；bring up 抚养，教育；提出；呕吐；look up 向上看；(形势)好转，改善；查阅；set up建立，设置；造成，产生。【小结】 动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。每年高考题对动词和动词短语的考查都会出现24道。要特别注意动词与介词、副词的搭配构成的固定短语，在掌握这些短语的意思的同时，还要在具体的语境中灵活地加以运用。