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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题04 从句（名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句）一、2019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】 21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】23.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients _ they need medical assistance.A. if onlyB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得。故选D。3.【2019江苏卷单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。4.【2019天津卷单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。5.【2019天津卷单项填空】13.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after【答案】C【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在之后，根据题意，故选C。6.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。7.【2019新课标I卷短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。8.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。9.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。10.【2019新课标III卷短文改错】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoy themselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentiscreatedforthem.【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。11.【2019浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。12.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。13.【2019北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。二、2019届模拟题1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】People crowd into _ cherry trees are blooming, appreciating the fresh spring sight.A. whatB. whenC. whichD. where【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：人们涌向樱花盛开的地方，欣赏清新的春光。从句做介词into的宾语，且从句缺少地点状语。A. what什么；B. when什么时候；C. which哪一个；D. where哪儿。故选D。【点睛】名词性从句中引导词的确定要根据从句的句子类型，如果从句是陈述句，引导词为 that，如从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句，则引导词为if 或whether，如果从句是特殊疑问句就用它原来的疑问代词或疑问副词作为引导词。本题做题步骤分析主句People crowd into可知，本题考查宾语从句。分析从句cherry trees are blooming不缺主语或宾语，那就不能填关系代词。再根据翻译确定关系副词。2.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】The reign of the next Japanese emperor will be known as “Reiwa” (令和) era, in _ name the character for “harmony” is included.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. as【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：下一个日本皇帝统治时期将被称为“令和时代”，在这个名字里包含着寓意“和谐”的字。先行词为“Reiwa”(令和) era。从句中name前缺少一个形容词，只有选项A和选项C可用做形容词。但是A. which强调“哪一个”，C. whose强调“谁的”。定语从句前没有出现选项范围，故选C。3. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】I guess _ impresses me most about his painting is the colors he uses.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。guess后是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句没有主语，所填词应该起双重作用，故选D。4. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】It was the middle of the night _ my dad woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. as【答案】A【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我爸爸把我叫醒叫我去看足球比赛时，时间已经是半夜了。句中it指代时间，my dad woke me up and told me to watch the football game.是时间状语从句，用when引导。故选A。5. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】How come? I cant find my key. I just left it _ it had been.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. how【答案】A【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：怎么可能?我找不到钥匙了。我刚把它放在原来的地方。结合句意可知此处是where引导的地点状语从句，故选A。6.【江苏省南京市学2019届高三年级模拟考试】We live in this society now _ literally someone is always helping.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句连。句意：我们现在生活在这样一个确实有人一直在帮助我们的社会里。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the society，且先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，故用where相当于 in which。故选B。7.【江苏省南京市学2019届高三年级模拟考试】Patrick waited _ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared.A. untilB. beforeC. whenD. while【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意：他一直等到所有的行李都清理完毕，但是他的行李迟迟未出现。A. until直到才；B. before在之前；C. when当时候；D. while当时候。根据句意，表示“直到才”应用until/till，故选A。8.【江苏省南京市学2019届高三年级模拟考试】The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. Its about _youre made of, not the circumstances.A. thatB. whatC. howD. who【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，用what，故选B。9. 【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】The athletes, especially the winners, should remain modest _ rapid progress they have made.A. whateverB. howeverC. how muchD. no matter【答案】A【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：那些运动员，尤其是获胜者，无论他们取得多么大的进步，都应该保持谦逊。此处修饰名词progress，表示“不管什么样的、无论什么”，故A项正确。10. 【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】Bob made a promise to the manager _ the work would all be finished on time.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether【答案】A【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，从句成分完成，用that解释promise的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故A项正确。11. 【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】The police are investigating the company, three of _ managers have already been arrested.A. whoseB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】A【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：警方正在调查这家公司，其中三位经理已经被逮捕。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为company，从句中缺少定语，故A项正确。12. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】This semester our school offers many optional courses for the students, _ appeals to many students.A. each of whichB. all of whomC. each of whomD. all of which【答案】A【解析】考查介词+关系代词形式定语从句。句意：这学期我们学校为学生开设了很多选修课，每一门课都吸引了很多学生。本句为定语从句修饰先行词courses，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用关系代词which，故排除B、C选项；又因从句中谓语动词appeals为第三人称单数形式，故此处应为强调“每一门”，故选A。13. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】I was going to pay by cash when it suddenly occurred to me _ I had left my purse at home.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. where【答案】C【解析】考查连接词辨析。句意：我正要付现金，突然想起我把钱包忘在家里了。句型it occurred to sb that“某人突然想起某事”后跟that从句，故选C。【点睛】英语句型：表达“想起某事”的常用句型补充：it happened to sb that 意为在某人身上发生了某事remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事bring sth. in mind 使某人想起某事put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事14. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】What did she want to know, Tom?She wondered _ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。句意：“她想知道什么，汤姆？”“她想知道我们什么时候才能完成实验。”分析句子意思以及句子结构可知，空格部分为强调特殊疑问词when，且为宾语从句结构，故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间，并且要使用陈述语序。故D选项正确。【点睛】强调句型：It is (was) 被强调部分+that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用who，其余用that。原句： My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.强调句的判断：去掉It is (was)和that (who)后，剩余成分能组成完整句子，则为强调句型。15. 【天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试】Tianjin soccer fans wonder how long it will be _ the popular soccer star Sunke can appear in the fields in Tianjin as a member of Tianjin Tianhai soccer team.A. beforeB. sinceC. untilD. where【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：天津球迷想知道，流行足球明星孙科还需要多久才能作为天津天海足球队的一员出现在天津的赛场上。固定句式：It will be +some time +before“多久之后才”。故选A。8
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