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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题01 词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）、短语辨析一、2019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。3.【2019江苏卷单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people _ options to exercise.A. casualB. regularC. flexibleD. tight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的，随便的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. tight紧的，密封的。故选C。4.【2019江苏卷单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。5.【2019天津卷单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。6.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。7.【2019天津卷单项填空】9.Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。8.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。9.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。9.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.【答案】of/for【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。10.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。11【2019新课标I卷短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。12.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Her years of hard work have _63_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。13.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是而是 ”之意，故填but。14.【2019新课标II卷短文改错】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. 【答案】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） much.【解析】（1） 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。15.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining _61_ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“sothat”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。16.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。15.【2019浙江卷语法填空】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。16.【2019浙江卷语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。二、2019届模拟题1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】Please _ your ashes before it fails on the carpet.A. cut offB. knock offC. get offD. drop off【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在烟灰落到地板上之前把它弹掉。A. cut off切（隔）断；B. knock off停止做某事，下班，收工；C. get off 出发，离开，从下来；D. drop off中途放下。knock off很形象的传达了弹烟灰中“弹”的动作。故选B。2.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】.I didnt _ having to do the cooking myself, or I would have learnt one or two dishes from my mom.A. expectB. anticipateC. forecastD. preview【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我没有想到我要自己做饭，否则我就从我妈妈那里学会做一两个菜了。C. forecast 预报；D. preview预览，试映，与句意不符合。A. expect 与 B. anticipate都可表达“预期某事将发生”的意思，但当它们与非谓语连用时，anticipate后面接动名词，expect接不定式。故选B。3.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another to the colors in the harvest season.A. themeB. versionC. categoryD. dimension【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：枫叶在秋天变成了鲜红的颜色，为丰收的季节增添了另一抹色彩。A. theme主题；B. version版本；C. category种类；D. dimension维度；风采。dimension此处理解为“色彩；风采”，故选D。4.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】Cambridge gave a positive answer inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.A. in favor ofB. in response toC. in salute toD. in consequence of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时，剑桥给出了积极的回答。A. in favor of支持；B. in response to回应；C. in salute to致敬；D. in consequence of由于的缘故。表示“回应”in response to，故选B。5.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their survival skills and their wild nature.A. displayB. possessC. maintainD. monitor【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自然保护区的野生动物需要发展他们的生存技能，保持他们的野生本性。A. display表现；B. possess拥有；C. maintain保持；D. monitor监控。根据句意故应选maintain，表示“保持”。选C。6.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】Is this your cell phone, Tony? I _ it when I was cleaning the classroom.A. came acrossB. dealt withC. looked afterD. held on to【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. came across偶然发现，碰巧遇到；B. dealt with 处理，解决；C. looked after照顾；D. held on to坚持，继续。句意：Tony，这是你的手机吗?我在打扫教室的时候发现了它。故选A。7.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overall quality.A. supportedB. matchedC. evaluatedD. controlled【答案】C【解析】这里意思是“普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们”。supported 支持；matched 相配；evaluated评估；controlled控制，所以选C。句意：普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们。考点：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。8.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _, knives and forks.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the other【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。固定搭配：some, others“一些，另一些”，others在此相当于other countries，故选C。9.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】Some experts think, genes, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.A. instead ofB. except forC. apart fromD. far from【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. instead of代替；B. except for除了；C. apart from除之外还；D. far from远非。句意：一些专家认为，除了基因，智力还取决于充足的饮食、良好的教育以及良好的家庭环境。根据“intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.”可知此处表示“除之外还”，故C项正确。10.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】The people in the village are so that they are willing to help every visitor.A. optimisticB. energeticC. enthusiasticD. ambitious【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. optimistic乐观的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. enthusiastic热心的；D. ambitious有抱负的。句意：这个村里的人都很热心，他们愿意帮助每一位游客。根据“they are willing to help every visitor.”可知此处表示“热心的、热情的”，故C项正确。8
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