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2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气一、2019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。3.【2019江苏卷单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。4.【2019江苏卷单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。5.【2019天津卷单项填空】2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldnt manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope【答案】A【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldnt”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。6.【2019天津卷单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given【答案】C【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。7.【2019天津卷单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。9.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。10.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _to retire_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。11.【2019新课标II卷语法填空】I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years【答案】are【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。12.【2019新课标II卷短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。13.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.【答案】recommended。【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。13.【2019新课标III卷语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited。【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。二、2019届模拟题1.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】 If she _ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.A. had beenB. wereC. would beD. was【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would have done（早就做）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。【点睛】If条件状语从句的虚拟语气：1.表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)；主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do.如If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done.如If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3.表示与将来事实相反从句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）；主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do.如 If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）温馨提示：if引导的虚拟语气，如果if省略，则将助动词had、情态动词should或be动词were提到主语的前面。2.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】When they first came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they _ in the countryside.A. will doB. had doneC. have doneD. were doing【答案】B【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我父母刚来城市的时候，经常去邻居家聊天，就像他们在乡下经常做的那样。这是一个when引导的时间状语从句加just as引导的方式状语从句。方式状语从句的主句使用的时态是一般过去式（went to neighbors for a talk），从句发生的动作在主句动作之前，所以使用过去完成时。故选B。3.【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _ be above it.A. shallB. mustC. mayD. need【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must（必须，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要) 需要；故选A。4.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】I spend two weeks in Beijing last year.Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, _ you?A. mustntB. didntC. haventD. hadnt【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：去年我在北京呆了两周。那么你在逗留期间一定参观过长城，是吗?题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，可认定must have visited是对“过去”的推断，用一般过去时反问。此处是反意疑问句，前半句肯定，后半句应该用否定形式，故选B。5.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】She _ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away.A. talkedB. has talkedC. had talkedD. was talking【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：她正在和别人通电话，所以我只是向她点点头就走了。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时态，故选D。6.【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试】The bus would not have run into the river _ for the bad tempered lady.A. if it were notB. had it not beenC. if it would not beD. should it not be【答案】B【解析】考查if从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故选B。7.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】 Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? Well, if you _. I can put on more clothes.A. canB. mayC. mustD. shall【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够；B. may可能；C. must一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选C。8.【江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟】 How could they misunderstand me like that?Just keep silent! Its the best way to let them know they you wrong.A. doB. didC. are doingD. had done【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：-他们怎么能那样误解我呢?- 保持沉默!这是让他们知道他们做错了你的最好方式。根据how could可知这件事情发生在过去，所以用 did you wrong来表示过去他们错怪了你。故选B。9.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】The students have decided on a final date by which everyone reading the books assigned by their professor.A. finishesB. finishedC. have finishedD. will have finished【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：学生们决定了最后的日期，到那时每个人都将读完教授布置的书。根据“a final date by which”可知此处表示将来已经完成的动作，应该用将来完成时，故D项正确。10.【天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考】You didnt let me drive. If we _ by turns, you _ so tired.A. drove; didnt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你当时不让我开车，如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么累了。根据“You didnt let me drive.”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句要用过去完成时，主句用wouldnt have done结构，故D项正确。【点睛】注意：表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主句谓语形式为would/should/could+动词原形；表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were），主句谓语形式为would/should/could+动词原形；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为had+过去分词，主句谓语形式为would/should/could have+过去分词。8
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