2022年高中英语 Unit 2 Grammar导学案 新人教版必修2

2022年高中英语 Unit 2 Grammar导学案 新人教版必修2 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词，兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。在句子中可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语。 考点一 现在分词的基本形式及物动词(do)不及物动词(go)主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式doingbeing donegoing完成式having donehaving been donehaving gone 1现在分词的一般式 一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行。如： They came in talking and laughing他们谈笑着进来了。 Seeing nobody there，he turned off the lights 看到没人在那，他就把灯关了。 2现在分词的完成式 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。如： Having cleaned the desks，we began reading 擦完了桌子后，我们便开始看书。 Having been surrounded for a month，the enemy had to give in 被包围一个月后，敌人不得不投降了。 3现在分词的被动语态 现在分词的被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行。或与谓语表示的动作同时进行。完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语表示的动作之前已经完成了。如： The building being built will be our school library 正在建造的那座大楼将是我们的校图书馆。 例 _ ，we were taken to Bee the library. AWe had been shown the classrooms BBeing shown the classrooms CHaving been shown the classrooms DHaving shown the classrooms 解析 句意：我们先被领着看了教室，又被带去看图书馆。首先，句子主语与show之间构成被动关系，因此可排除D项；A项为句子，需要加连词连接两个分句；B项相当于While we were being shown the classrooms，显然与后面的时间有冲突，故只有C项正确。 4现在分词的否定式 现在分词的否定式是在分词前加not。如： Not daring to speak，they sat there silent他们不敢说话，坐在那里一声不吭。 Not having seen the film，Im afraid I cant say anything about it 由于没看过那部电影，恐怕我对它说不出什么来。 考点二 现在分词的基本用法 1作定语 (1)现在分词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前。如果是短语则放在它所修饰的名词后。如： I am reading an interesting book我在看一本有趣的书。 Do you know the man sitting there?你认识坐在那里的人吗? (2)现在分词修饰something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。如： Theres nothing interesting in his story 他的故事中没什么有意思的东西。 Will those teaching the children from abroad e to the headmasters office? 那些教国外孩子的老师请到校长办公室来好吗? 2作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征。如： The story is very touching这个故事很动人。 The news is encouraging这消息令人鼓舞。 注意 be+v-ing有三种不同的句法功能和含义： a用作进行时，表示谓语动作正在进行(v-ing为现在分词)。 He is repairing his bike他在修理他的自行车。 bv-ing为现在分词，用作表语，表示句中主语所具有的特征，动作意味减弱。(世时的现在分词相当于一个形容词) This film is exciting这部电影激动人心。 ev-ing为动名词，用作表语。此时，主语和表语的概念是相同的。 The problem is finding land for it问题是要为此找到土地。 (The problem=finding land for it) Her job is looking after children她的工作是照看孩子。 3作补语 表示感觉的动词see，hear，feel，notice，watch，look at，listen to，smell以及表示“使”“让”的动词have，get，keep，send，set，find，catch(撞见)等后常接现在分词作宾补。 如果把这些句子变成被动语态，则现在分词作主语补足语。 I saw a girl running towards me我看到一个女孩正朝我跑来。 Im sorry to have kept you waiting对不起，让你久等了。 The police caught him stealing a car警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。 4作状语 现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、伴随或方式、条件、让步、结果等，且都可以转换成相应的状语从句。 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend(时间状语) 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 Not knowing his address，I cant write to him(原因状语) 由于不知道他的地址，我无法给他写信。 He came running back to tell me the news(方式状语) 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds，blocking roads，paths and railway lines(结果状语) 大风刮倒了1500万棵树，阻塞了大小道路和铁路线。 注意 英语中有一部分分词短语。它独立存在，没有自己的逻辑主语。这些分词短语已成为固定的习惯用语，常被看作句子的插入语，常见的有： generally speaking一般说来。 strictly(honestlyfranklyroughlybroadly)speaking 严格地(诚实地坦白地粗略地泛泛地)说 considering.考虑到；鉴于 judging fromby.根据判断 taking alleverything into consideration从各方面考虑 Considering his age，he is quite tall鉴于他的年龄，他长得确实高。 Judging from his look，he didnt agree with you at all 从他的神情判断，他根本不同意你的看法。 【巩固训练】( )1 More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays， _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits Ataking Btaken Chaving taken Dhaving been taken( )2 The old man， _ abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland Ato work Bworking Cto have worked Dhaving worked( )3 _ of danger in the street at night，she had to go home，with a friend _ her AWarned；followed BWarning；following CHaving warned；following DHaving been warned；following( )4 Having no money but _ to know， he simply said he would go without dinner Anot to want anyone Bwanted no one Cnot wanting anyone Dto want no one ( )5 _ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest ANot realized BNot to realize CNot realizing DNot to have realized( )6 The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert Acovering Bcovered Ccover Dto cover( )7 The programme was so _ that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen Aexciting；fixed Bexciting；fixing Cexcited；fixed Dexcited；fixing( )8 Why did you go back to the shop? I left my friend _ there Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dwaits( )9 Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth Arun Brunning Cbeing run Dto run( )10 He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting( )11 We often provide our children with toys， footballs or basketballs， _ that all children like these things Athinking Bthink Cto think Dthought( )12 Dont sit there _ nothing，e and help me with this table Ado Bto do Cdoing Dand doing ( )13 The storm left， _ a lot of damage to this area Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused ( )14 _ ，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality AGeneral speaking BSpeaking general CGenerally speaking DSpeaking generally( )15 _ with so much trouble，we failed to plete the task on time AFaced BFace CFacing DTo face( )16 It is believed that if a book is _ ，it will surely _ the readerAinterested；interest Binteresting；be interested Cinterested；be interesting Dinteresting；interest( )17 MrSmith， _ of the speech，started to read a novel Atired；boring Btiring；bored Ctired；bored Dtiring；boring( )18 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing Aseat Bseating Cseated Dto be seating( )19 The meeting _ over，he went to pick up his son directly Ato be Bis Cwas Dbeing( )20 _ ，we ll go out for a walk AWeather permits BWeather to permit CWeather permitted DWeather permitting( )21 Everything _ into consideration，they ought to have another chance Ato take Btaken Cto be taken Dtaking( )22 I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ . Agoing on Bgoes on Cwent on Dto go on( )23 His words were very _ Everyone was _ by what he had said Afrightened；frightening Bfrightening；frightening Cfrightened；frightened Dfrightening；frightened ( )24 _ that she was going off to sleep，I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed ASeeing BTo see CSee DSeen( )25 After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother voice _ him Acalling Bcalled Cbeing called Dto call ( )26 I smell something _ in the kitchenCan I call you back in a minute? Aburning Bburnt Cbeing burnt Dto be burnt ( )27 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures Ainterested Binteresting Cinterest Dto interest ( )28 Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _ Aworried Bto worry Cworrying Dworry ( )29 MrsWhite found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and _ very worried Alook Blooks Clooking Dto look( )30 It was too cold yesterday morning， and I couldnt get my car _ . Why didnt you try _ the battery with some hot water? Astarted；to fill Bto run；filling Cgoing；fill Dstarting；filling( )31 _ in the queue for half an hour， the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car AWaiting BTo wait CHaving waited DTo have waited( )32 I hear they ve promoted Tom，but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone Ato promote Bhaving been promoted Chaving promoted Dto be promoted( )33 The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time Ato be pleted Bhaving been pleted Cpleted Dbeing pleted( )34 e on，please give me some ideas about the project SorryWith so much work _ my mind，I almost break down Afilled Bfilling Cto fill Dbeing filled( )35 The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _ . Ato be heard Bto have heard Chearing Dbeing heard( )36 When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight Atraining Bbeing trained Cto have trained Dto be trained( )37 Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would e to see him soon Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto say ( )38 Susan wanted to be independent of her parentsShe tried _ alone，but she didnt like it and moved back home Aliving Bto live Cto be living Dhaving lived( )39 They re quiet，arent they? YesThey are accustomed _ at meals Ato talk Bto not talk Cto talking Dto not talking ( )40 You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm Awalked Bwalk Cto walk DwalkingUnit 2 The Environment (Grammar and usage ) 导学案答案简析：1. A 考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的主语people与take是主动关系，排除B及D；having taken是动词-ing形式的完成式，表示这一动作发生在谓语动作之前，而此句谓语sign up与take无先后关系，故排除C项。2. D 根据句意：这位老人在国外工作了20年后，现在在回国的路上。work应先发生。3. D she和warn之间是被动关系，排除B、C，warn动作先于谓语动词，故用完成式，排除A。4. C but为并列连词，前后应用相同的动词-ing分词短语结构，所以C项正确。5. C 首先判断Eric和realize应是主动关系，所以用realizing，not放于realizing前即构成否定式。6. A 句意：这些野花就像是覆盖在沙漠上的柔软的桔色的地毯。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，blanket与cover在逻辑上为主动关系，排除B、C两项；D项表将来不符合题意。7. A exci ng通常修饰物，excited通常修饰人或与人有关的事物。第二空their eyes和fix应是被动关系。8. A leave sbsthdoing使处于某状态，waiting作宾补。9. B 本题考查leave+宾语+宾语补足语。leave在此处的意思是“留下；使仍处于某种状态”。当leave后的宾语和宾补是逻辑上的主动关系时，宾补常用现在分词，“leave+宾语+v-ing”句型。10. D catch sbdoing sth正巧碰到(抓住)某人做某事。11. A 句意：我们经常会给孩子一些玩具、足球、篮球等，认为所有的孩子都会喜欢这类东西。本题主要考查非谓语动词的用法，其中主语we就是一个关键词，它与think之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表原因。12. C 句意：别坐在那儿无所事事。过来帮我抬桌子。根据句子结构判断所填的动词应为伴随状语，因此选doing。B项to do不可表伴随，A项do为谓语动词，D项去掉连词and才正确。13. D 不定式作结果状语往往引出“出乎意料”的结果，故C项不对。本句这样表述可能更容易理解：The storm，having caused a lot of damage to this area，left或者：Having caused a lot of damage to this area，the storm left显然，题干句的说法避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。句意：这次暴风雨给本地带来了很大危害后，停止了。14. C generally speaking一般说来，已成为固定的习惯用语，常用作插入语，所以选C。15. A 句意：遇到如此多的困难，所以我们没能按时完成任务。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。主句主语与face(使面对)之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系。16. D 此题考查的是interest的不同用法:动词interest表示“使感兴趣”；现在分词形式interesting表示具有某种特征“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词interested表示“对感兴趣”，主语通常是人。17. A 句意：MrSmith听烦了乏味的演讲，读起了小说。下面这两个句子可帮助理解题干句：MrSmith was tired of the speechThe speech was boring18. C remain seated“保持坐着”表状态，也可用sitting代替seated。19. D 前后两部分无连词连接，故前面不能以句子形式出现，排除B、C；由语境可知“会议结束了，他就直接去接儿子了”，排除A，选用D形成独立结构，此时，因逻辑主语是名词the meeting，being还可省略。20. D 根据题意可知，天气允许是条件状语，但允许这个动作自己的逻辑主语“天气”，出现在句子里了，就要看“允许”和“天气”之间的关系，因为是主动关系，所以要用weather pennitting，故选项D正确。21. B 根据句子结构可知前半部分作状语，everything和take之间是被动关系，排除A和D，该句又相当于条件状语，排除C。22. A 考查“with”+宾语+补语结构，作伴随状语。根据题意可知空格处为补语成分需用非谓语动词而排除B、C两项。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语但两者所表示的时间不同，A项中的going on表示正在进行，而to go on表示将来的动作，又因是作伴随状语，因此选择A项，排除D项。23. D frightening表示令人感到害怕；frightened表示人的心理状态，表示感到害怕。24. A seeing作原因状语。25. A 考查非谓语动词形式作宾补，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上主动关系，排除B、C项。hear+宾语+宾补，若用不定式作宾补，不定式符号to要省略，排除D项。26. A burnt(烧焦)表完成；being burnt(正在被烧毁)表进行被动；to be burnt(会被烧毁)表将来被动；burning(在烧焦)表正在进行。27. A make为使役动词，其宾语them与宾补interested存在逻辑主谓关系。28. A that引导laws的限制性定语从句。句意：因幼小的子女违法而惩罚父母的法律让父母们忧心忡忡。29. C look短语与surrounded短语同时用作宾语补足语。her husband和look之间是主动关系，故用loking。30. B geT my car to run或get my car started或get my car going都表示将我的车开动，而第二空try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”。31. C having waited所表示的动作是发生在主句谓语动词之前，据题意等了半小时之后才意识到。32. B mention后跟动名词形式，且promote与Tom之间是动宾关系，用被动形式，又因promote发生在mention之前，用完成式。33. C 句意：在19世纪初建成的市政厅是当时最辉煌的建筑。设空处作The Town Hall的定语，B项不作定语;A项表将来；C项表完成；D项表正在进行。34. B with+宾语+宾补结构中，宾语和宾补为逻辑主谓关系时，即work和fill为逻辑主谓关系时，fill用filling形式。35. A 我说话是被别人听见，动词不定式表目的。36. D 根据he和train之间为被动关系，排除A、C项；作目的状语，所以用不定式。37. C saying作定语修饰名词letter。38. A try doing表尝试做某事，try to do表尽力去做某事。39. D be accustomed to doing sth习惯于做某事，to为介词。40. D we had为定语从句，先行词为difficulty。句型为have difficulty(in)doing sth。