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课 时 作 业 29.阅读理解(2019福建省厦门第一中学高三月考)There have been claims that warming on Mars and Pluto is proof that the recent warming on Earth is caused by an increase in solar activity, and not by greenhouse gases. But we can say with certainty that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planet has warmed in recent years, it is not due to changes in solar activity.The Suns energy output has not increased since direct measurements began in 1978. If increased solar output really was responsible, we should be seeing warming on all the planets and their moons, not just Mars and Pluto.Our solar system has eight planets, three dwarf planets and quite a few moons with at least a thin atmosphere, and thus a climate of sorts. Their climates will be affected by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance and even volcanic eruptions, so it would not be surprising if several planets and moons turn out to be warming at any one time.One theory is that winds have recently swept some areas of Mars clean of dust, darkening the surface, warming the Red Planet and leading to further increases in windinessa positive feedback effect.Observations of the thickness of Plutos atmosphere in 2002 suggested the dwarf planet was warming even as its orbit took it further from the Sun. The finding confused astronomers at the time, and the cause had yet to be determined.It has since been suggested that this is due to a greenhouse effect: As it gets closer to the Sun, Pluto may warm enough for some of the methane ice on its surface to turn into a gas. This would cause further warming, which would continue for a while even after Plutos orbit starts to take it away from the Sun.本文是一篇科普说明文，有人认为地球变暖是因为太阳活动而不是温室气体，文章驳斥了这个观点。同时对太阳系里另外一些星星的变暖情况分别进行了分析。1What cause(s)the warming of some planets?AThe solar system.BTheir local factors.CVolcanic mountains.DThe thin atmosphere.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Their climates will be affected by local factors such as orbital variations, changes in reflectance and even volcanic eruptions可知，导致某些星球变暖的原因很多，可能是受到这些星球的当地因素的影响。故B项正确。2What is the outcome of the recent winds on Mars?ATheyve cooled the planet.BTheyve left a clear sky.CTheyve caused more winds.DTheyve helped clean the planet.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段One theory is that winds have recently swept some areas of Mars clean of dust, darkening the surface, warming the Red Planet and leading to further increases in windinessa positive feedback effect.可知，火星上的风吹走了灰尘，让火星变暖同时也会导致风力的进一步变大。故C项正确。3What do we know about the thickness of Plutos atmosphere?AIt remains mysterious.BIt troubled astronauts.CIt has become thinner.DIt contributes to the warming.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句Observations of the thickness of Plutos atmosphere in 2002 suggested the dwarf planet was warming even as its orbit took it further from the Sun.可知，冥王星厚厚的大气层导致了冥王星变暖。故D项正确。4Which of the following might lead to the warming on Earth according to the writer?ASolar activity.BMars and Pluto.CGreenhouse gases.DThe Suns energy output.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知有人认为地球变暖是因为太阳活动而不是温室气体。根据第二句But we can say with certainty that, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planet has warmed in recent years, it is not due to changes in solar activity.可知，我们可以确切地说地球变暖不是因为太阳运动，也就是说地球变暖是由温室气体导致的。故C项正确。.完形填空(2019济南一中模拟)I went with some colleagues from my office for a dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was _1_ business time and the restaurant was packed. We _2_ found a table in a corner for three of us.As soon as we sat down, we heard a crash when a cleaning boy _3_ the floor with all the plates he was carrying. There was _4_ and no one was saying or doing anything.In a flash I remembered my _5_ many years ago. Once, I _6_ in the airport because I had rushed there on my own on an empty stomach. I was picked up and taken care of by two _7_. Now this was my chance to _8_ it forward.I ran to the young mans side immediately, turned him on his back and screamed for someone to _9_ a hot drink. Soon people started asking if I was a doctor. I said I was not, _10_ I was skillful at blacking out (晕厥)The kid soon opened his eyes, _11_ what had happened. I _12_ him by saying it was OK and I had had a _13_ experience. He had not eaten anything. I held the _14_ drink to his mouth till he finished it and sat with him till he felt OK. By then the _15_ had arrived. I asked her to give the kid something to eat. I offered to pay.The manager was kind enough to refuse the _16_ and agreed to make sure the kid ate before he went home. By the time all this was _17_ it was getting late for my colleagues. We hadnt _18_ anything yet, so they decided to go home.I slowly walked home, not hungry any more, feeling _19_ for the opportunity I pay forward the _20_ I had received many years ago.本文是一篇记叙文，主人翁“我”和朋友去餐厅吃饭的时候，突然打扫卫生的男孩摔倒在地，我立刻提供帮助。因为之前我晕倒的时候，也有陌生人向我提供了帮助，我想把这份善良继续传递下去。作者想通过这个故事告诉读者：人间自有真情在！1A.peakBlocalCspareDregular答案：A解析：考查上下文串联。A.peak高峰的；B.local当地的；C.spare空闲的；D.regular有规律的。根据后半句可知餐厅里非常拥挤，说明那是用餐的高峰期。故A项正确。2A.actuallyBfinallyCeagerlyDgradually答案：B解析：考查副词。A.actually实际上；B.finally最终；C.eagerly急切地；D.gradually逐渐地。我们去吃饭的时候正是用餐高峰期，饭店里非常拥挤，我们最终在角落里找到了吃饭的桌子。故B项正确。3A.kickedBtouchedCsweptDhit答案：D解析：考查动词。A.kicked踢；B.touched触摸；C.swept清扫；D.hit撞击，击中。根据上句we heard a crash 可知我们听到了撞击声，说明盘子摔到了地上。故D项正确。4A.silenceBdangerCdoubtDtension答案：A解析：考查常识。A.silence安静；B.danger危险；C.doubt怀疑；D.tension紧张。根据“and”后的内容可知，没人在说或做任何事情，可知非常安静。故A项正确。5A.adventureBflightCexperienceDlesson答案：C解析：考查名词。A.adventure探险；B.flight航班；C.experience经验，经历；D.lesson 教训。句意：看到这一幕，我突然想起了很多年前的某一次经历。根据下文描述可知，那是我之前的一次经历。故C项正确。6A.showed upBwalked aroundCsettled downDpassed out答案：D解析：考查上下文串联。A.showed up出现；B.walked around 四处走动；C.settled down定居 ；D.passed out昏迷。根据下句可知我空腹急急忙忙地前往机场，昏迷后受到陌生人的帮助，这一次我要把这份善良传递下去。故D项符合上下文串联。7A.friendsBstrangersCcolleaguesDrelatives答案：B解析：考查名词。A.friends朋友；B.strangers陌生人；C.colleagues同事；D.relatives亲戚。这次我想帮助这位陌生的打扫卫生的男孩，是因为之前我受到陌生人的帮助，我想把这份善良传递下去。故B项正确。8A.payBreturnCtakeDput答案：A解析：考查动词。A.pay偿还；B.return返回；C.take带走；D.put放置。这次我想帮助这位陌生的打扫卫生的男孩，是因为之前我受到陌生人的帮助，我想把这份善良传递下去。我想偿还别人给我的帮助。故A项正确。9A.orderBbuyCserveDbring答案：D解析：考查动词。A.order命令，点购；B.buy购买；C.serve服务，服役；D.bring带来，拿来。句意：我立刻冲到男孩旁边，让他平躺，大声叫人拿热饮过来。bring表示从远处把物品拿到近处。故D正确。10A.andBsoCbecauseDbut答案：D解析：考查上下文串联。虽然我不是医生，但是在处理晕厥方面我很擅长。上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用表示转折关系的连词but连接上下文。故D项正确。11A.knowingBwonderingCignoringDarguing答案：B解析：考查动词。A.knowing知道，了解；B.wondering想知道；C.ignoring忽视；D.arguing争论。男孩睁开眼睛，想知道发生什么事情。故B项正确。12A.remindedBcomfortedCansweredDencouraged答案：B解析：考查动词。A.reminded提醒；B.comforted安慰；C.answered回答；D.encouraged鼓励。男孩想知道发生了什么事情，我告诉他一切都没问题，我也有过类似的经历。故B项正确。13A.memorableBpersonalCsimilarDcommon答案：C解析：考查形容词。A.memorable记忆的；B.personal个人的，私人的；C.similar类似的，同样的；D.common普通的，常见的。我告诉男孩我也有过类似的经历，安慰他说一切都没关系。故C项正确。14A.coolBrefreshingCsweetDwarm答案：D解析：考查上下文串联。根据第9空后a hot drink可知我让别人把热饮拿过来，现在让他喝下去。所以形容词warm与上文的hot形成对应。故D项正确。15A.customerBmanagerCwaitressDdoctor答案：B解析：考查上下文串联。根据16空前The manager was kind enough to.可知餐厅的经理过来处理这件事情了。故B项正确。16A.paymentBrewardCsuggestionDsupport答案：A解析：考查上下文串联。A.payment付款；B.reward奖励，报酬；C.suggestion建议；D.support支持。经理过来以后我让她拿东西给男孩吃，由我付钱，但是她拒绝由我付钱。本句中名词payment与上文动词pay保持一致。故A项正确。17A.upBawayCoverDbehind答案：C解析：考查上下文串联。我处理好这一切以后，时间已经很晚了，我们什么也没有点，直接回家。使用be over(结束)，表示我处理好男孩的事情。故C项正确。18A.preparedBdemandedCreceivedDordered答案：D解析：考查上下文串联。A.prepared准备；B.demanded要求；C.received收到；D.ordered点购，命令。根据后句“我们直接回家”可知我们并没有在餐厅里吃东西，所以使用动词“order点购”。故D项正确。19A.readyBanxiousCgratefulDcomfortable答案：C解析：考查形容词。A.ready乐意的，愿意的；B.anxious焦虑的，焦急的；C.grateful感激的；D.comfortable舒服的。对于有这样帮助他人的机会，我心怀感激之情。故C项正确。20A.kindnessBhonorCinspirationDservice答案：A解析：考查上下文串联。A.kindness善良；B.honor荣耀；C.inspiration灵感；D.service服务。根据上文可知我晕倒的时候也得到别人的帮助，现在我有机会帮助他人，把这份善良传递下去。故A项正确。.语法填空(2019佛山市顺德区高三教学质量检测)Teenagers are famous for being on the cutting edge of current fads(时尚)and trends. They are working on their identity. They want to identify with something that makes them feel good about _1_ (them). When something new comes out, all the teens and their peers check it out. If it sticks for a little while, its a fad. If it sticks around a _2_ (long)time, it becomes a trend.Many fads are _3_ (harm). Back in my day, people cut the sleeves and collars of sweat shirts off and _4_ (wear)them inside out. No big deal.This fad did not become a trend. Today, everyone owns _5_ iPad and texts friends on their cell phones. These fads will either fade with new technology _6_ become a trend and stay around a while. Well have to wait and see.While keeping up with teen fads can sometimes be exhausting for parents, _7_ (especial) for parents of preteens who are just getting _8_ (start), it is a worthwhile effort. _9_ you cant pick and choose which fads or trends your teens will pick up, it doesnt mean you dont get to add your opinion and use the fad _10_ a teachable moment.这篇短文介绍青少年引领时尚的趋势，每次出现新东西，青少年的关注坚持一段时间就会成为一种时尚。1themselves解析：考查反身代词。句意：他们想要找到一些能让他们自我感觉良好的东西。句中feel good about _1_ (them)是宾补，因此feel的逻辑主语是句子宾语them，该空是about的宾语，和逻辑主语一致，就应该用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。2longer解析：考查形容词。句意：如果它能在较长时间内坚持下去，它就会成为一种趋势。该句是和前半句的for a little while进行对比，所以此处用比较级。故填longer。3harmless解析：考查形容词。句意：许多时尚是无害的。此处作句子的表语，根据句意可知应该用形容词作表语，表示“无害的”。故填harmless。4wore解析：考查动词。句意：回到我的时代，人们把袖子和领子剪下来，然后把它们穿在外面。根据时间状语“Back in my day”可知该句应该用一般过去时，故填wore。5an解析：考查冠词。句意：今天，每个人都拥有一个iPad，并在手机上给朋友发短信。该句中iPad是句子宾语，是单数可数名词，此处是泛指，前面应该用不定冠词，iPad以元音音素开头，故填an。6or解析：考查连词。句意：这些潮流要么会随着新技术的发展而消失，要么会成为一种潮流，并在一段时间内保持流行。either.or.是固定短语，译为“或者或者”故填or。7especially解析：考查副词。句意：虽然对青少年时尚的关注有时会让家长们感到疲惫，尤其是对于那些刚刚起步的青少年家长来说，它值得付出努力。根据句意可知，此处用副词especially表示“尤其”。故填especially。8started解析：考查动词。句意：虽然对青少年时尚的关注有时会让家长们感到疲惫，尤其是对于那些刚刚起步的青少年家长来说，它值得付出努力。get started表示状态，“刚刚起步的”。故填started。9Although/Though/While解析：考查连词。句意：虽然你不能选择你的青少年会选择的流行趋势或时尚，但这并不意味着你不能补充你的观点，并将时尚作为一个可教的时刻。根据句意可知，上下句之间为转折关系，后半句没有but，前半句用表示“虽然”的although/though/while。故填Although/Though/While。10as解析：考查介词。句意：虽然你不能选择你的青少年会选择的流行趋势或时尚，但这并不意味着你不能补充你的观点，并将时尚作为一个可教的时刻。根据句意可知，此处用as表示“作为”之意，后跟名词。故填as。.短文改错(2019河北省邯郸市高三月考)A perform in our city made people think more about an overuse of plastic bags. It called on people use more cloth bags instead of plastic one. In front of a largely supermarket, five volunteers wear white plastic bags and walked through the crowd. Some of the plastic bags worn by the volunteers was collected from customers in two food markets, and all the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school. On that day, upon leaving the food markets, customers were asking to hand in the plastic shopping bags that they didnt need of. Several hundreds plastic bags were collected within just two hours.答案8
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