2019版高考英语二轮复习 专题限时集训11 阅读七选五之说明文（Ⅰ）（含解析）

专题限时集训(十一)阅读七选五之说明文()A(2018吉林省调研考试)Nowadays more and more children now chat daily either online or through their mobile phones. 1 Some are shy “in real life” but are confident to communicate with others online；others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues，or problems at home.Sometimes the online world，just like the real world，can introduce problems，such as bullying or arguments. 2 But there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive (冒犯性的)or illegal aims.Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers. 3 Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable，you need to do the same for the websites and chat rooms your children visit.Remind your children that online friends are still strangers.Reminding them of the risks will keep them alert(警惕) 4 So its likely that your children may know more than you do.We get left behind when it comes to the latest gadgets and the interactive areas of websites，like chat rooms and message boards，which are especially strange. 5 Chatters love to use abbreviations(缩写)such as: atb all the best，bbfn bye bye for now，gr8 great，Idk I dont know，kit keep in touch，paw parents are watching，lol laugh out loud.It seems like another language，and it is!AGoing online is great fun.BComputer studies are part of schoolwork now.CThe language of chat is strange to many parents，too.DThere are some websites that are not suitable for children.ETo keep children safe，your management must cover the family computer.FThey are connecting to a huge number of other children all over the world.GSurfing the Internet takes too much of the time that should be spent on lessons.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，越来越多的孩子使用网络或手机聊天，作为家长应该怎样监督和引导孩子合理使用网络呢？文章对此作了介绍。1F上一句提到，越来越多的孩子使用网络或手机聊天，承接上文，应是“他们与全世界的很多其他孩子保持联系”，故选F。2A关键词是后面的but，but后面介绍上网不好的一面，空格处应表示好的一面，故A项“上网非常有趣”符合题意。3E下一句提到，正如你决定哪个电视节目适合(孩子)一样，你必须对你孩子访问的聊天室和网站做同样的选择。故E项“为了确保孩子安全，你要管理好家里的电脑”符合题意。4B下一句提到，因此你的孩子对网络的了解比你还多。那么该空应该解释其原因，故B项“计算机学习是学校教学的一部分”符合题意。5C下文列举的是孩子们在网上聊天时用的一些奇怪的语言，故C项“聊天语言对很多家长来说也是很奇怪的”符合题意。B(2018东莞市质检)Ways to Take More Vegetables into your MealsRecently，an increasing number of health problems among people have been reported.Surveys show that most of us get around two to three kinds of vegetables a day，falling far short of the five kinds that nutrition experts advise. 6 Sneak vegetables into breakfast and lunchOne reason we dont get enough vegetables is that many of us consider them merely as a rely aside dish to dinner. 7 Follow the golden ruleHalf of your dinner plate should be filled with vegetables. 8 This is the perfectly balanced dinner，according to experts. 9 Half a cucumber，a whole tomato，or a long，fresh carrot are just as pleasant to eat as an apple.It may seem unusual，but who cares? A whole vegetable makes a terrific snack.Move your vegetables to the top shelf of the fridgeAs long as theyre bagged properly，theyll last as well as they would in a vegetable fresh container. 10 In particular，keep quick-to-eat vegetables such as baby carrots，tomatoes and cucumbers as accessible as possible.Go exoticEvery week，try to buy a slightly foreign vegetable，perhaps something that youve never eaten before.AEat vegetables like fruitBTake more unusual vegetablesCMore importantly，now theyll be seen easily and attractive.DHere are some health-boosting ways to take more vegetables into your daily diet.EThat leaves a quarter of the plate for rice or noodles and a quarter for meal or fish.FIf you really want to eat more vegetables，you can also eat them at breakfast and lunch.GWhen you want to eat more vegetables，make sure your fridge will be full of vegetables.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，调查发现当今人们出现了越来越多的健康问题，这都与人们吃的蔬菜少有关。因此文中给出五条多吃蔬菜的建议。6D根据题目及下文中的5条建议可知，本句就是要给出“多吃蔬菜的方法”，分析七个选项可知D项(以下是一些促进健康，让你每天吃更多蔬菜的方法)符合题意。7F根据本节的小标题Sneak vegetables into breakfast and lunch(把蔬菜放入早餐和午餐中)可知F项(如果你真的想多吃蔬菜，你也可以在早餐和午餐中吃)与标题相符，故选F。8E分析本节的小标题Follow the golden rule下的内容可知，据专家介绍，你的餐盘里的一半应该放满蔬菜，E项(剩下的四分之一是米饭或面条，另外四分之一是肉或鱼)符合题意。9A根据结构可知，本题是小标题，分析本段内容可知，半个黄瓜，一个完整的西红柿，或者一个又长又新鲜的胡萝卜，和吃苹果一样好吃，故A项(吃像水果的蔬菜)与题意相符。10C根据小标题Move your vegetables to the top shelf of the fridge(把你的蔬菜搬到冰箱的顶层架子上)，再分析本段可知，放在上面就是为了吸引你的注意力而去吃，因此C项(更重要的是，现在它们看起来很容易吸引人)符合题意。C(2018兰州市第一中学模拟)At what age does a child became an adult? 11 Here are a few examples.First，in some North American Indian culture，a boy became a man around the age of 13.At that time，he would go into the woods alone，without food or water，for several days. 12 Girls became adult women as soon as they were old to have babies，also around the age of 12 or 13.In the Jewish religion，children spend years studying their history and religion.Then， at age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls，they go through an important religious ceremony. 13 In Japan today，young people become legal adult at age 20.Each year on January 15th，they celebrate “Coming-of-Age Day”，when the 20-year-olds in a town are invited to attend to special ceremony. 14 Finally，in the United States，the passage into adulthood takes several years.American teenagers look forward to their 16th birthday because in most states that is the age when can get a drivers license.The legal age of adulthood is 18，when Americans can vote，get married and work full-time.However，they must wait until age 21 to buy alcohol. 15 AMany people celebrate their 21st birthday by having a drink with friends in a bar.BIts hard to answer the question.CThe answer depends on your culture or religion.DFrom that day，they are adults，and they become responsible for their own religious development.EWhen he returned safely，he became an adult man.FThe teenagers are not allowed to drink alcohol.GThey wear traditional clothes，listen to speeches and visit old friends.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，文章列举了不同国家不同文化背景对成年人的界定。11C上句讲孩子在什么年龄叫成年人？下文是一些具体例子，不同国家有不同的划分标准。故C项(答案要根据不同的文化和地区而定)符合题意。12E本段讲北美印第安人的习俗，男孩到了13岁就独自进入森林，在无食物和水的情况下待几天。E项(男孩安全回来后就成了男人)是其结论，故选E。13D本段讲在犹太地区，孩子们学习历史和宗教。男孩12岁女孩13岁时参加一次重要的宗教仪式。D项(从那天起他们就是成年人了，他们要对宗教发展负责任)是对上文情况的结论，故选D。14G本段讲在日本，20岁成为法定成年人，每年1月15日参加专门的仪式。G项(他们穿着传统的服装，听演讲和拜访老朋友)是仪式当天的活动，与上文衔接，故选G。15A本段讲在美国不同年龄不同权利的界定，上句讲必须要等到21岁才能买酒，A项(许多人通过在酒吧和朋友喝酒来庆祝21岁生日)与上句衔接，故选A。D(2018云南师大附中模拟) 16 The cruel reality：not very safe，potentially.Despite this，some simple steps are to make your online experience safe.Read on to find out the easiest ways to make sure your information is kept safe.Manage passwords.Constantly changing your password has always been a basic form of protection. 17 First passwords should never include your personal information.So stay away from names and birthdates.Ideally，passwords should contain different letters，random numbers.Its better to have a very strong，long password that doesnt have any personal information. 18 Deceptive phishing (网络钓鱼)is one of the most common types of trick.Its best to view all emails with care.Hackers can make emails look like real company emails.That can trick readers into clicking on dangerous links.If doing so，you could end up introducing a virus to your computer or accidentally giving sensitive information to the wrong people.Use two-factor identification.Two-factor identification adds a second level of security to an account.Its a security option that requires a password as well as an additional piece of information only the user would know.Sometimes，its a code sent to your cellphone that has to be entered after a password. 19 Updated apps and operating systems are a must.Too often，users are unwilling to update their mobile devices.It seems that updates only change the way your phones software looks. 20 Be careful with public charging stations and Wi-Fi.Charging stations and Wi-Fi are a convenience provided to the public，but they can bring risks for they may be connected to another compromised (缺乏免疫力的)device.If you connect to Wi-Fi and then it asks you to download something，you shouldnt do that.AView emails with a sharp eye.BIn fact，it can make your phone work fast，too.CWhat should we do to keep our information safe?DActually，they often come with security improvements.EThe additional characteristic can keep your information much safer.FHow safe is personal information on your computer or cell phone?GBut what passwords to pick and how to manage them really matter.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主要讲述了一些保护手机和电脑信息，防止信息被泄露的方法。16F根据空格后的回答The cruel reality: not very safe，potentially.“残酷的事实是网上信息和手机信息有潜在的泄露危险”可知F项“你的手机电脑中信息有多安全？”符合题意。17G空格前的句子说“经常换密码一直是一种基本保护形式”，空格后的句子说“密码设置时不要用姓名或生日”。因此，G项“密码的选择和管理至关重要”符合题意。18A根据空格的位置得知属于小标题，后面的句子Its best to view all emails with care.提示应选A项。19E空格前的句子建议我们在设置密码时再添加一条只有自己知道的额外信息，空格处应是说明这样做的好处，故选E。20D本节的小标题告诉我们要经常升级手机应用，空格前的句子It seems that updates only change the way your phones software looks.，接下来应是说“其实还给予手机安全系统的提升”，故选D。E(2018合肥市联考)A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 21 .Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 22 .After a while，it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradabledestroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead，it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物) 23 .That means harmful material may get into our food supply.24 .Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly.Plastic recycling programs also workswhere old bottles and other plastics are collected，broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to，rather than end it after the first use.We could，when we get rid of that plastic，recycle it and reuse it，which replaces the need for raw materials.The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 25 .And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.AThen，fish may eat the plastics.BBut people can make a big difference.CPlastics should be gathered together and reused.DIt is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.EIt asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.FThe plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.GThe report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主要讲述了塑料是如何进入海洋危害海洋生物和人类的，并呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。21G上文提到在联合国的一次会议上提出了关于塑料污染海洋的报道，所以此句说明报道的内容，故选G。22F根据上文的“makes its way into rivers and other waterways”及下文的“it collects in the sea”可知，这句话讲的是塑料最终进入了大海，故选F。23A根据下文的“That means harmful material may get into our food supply.”可知，我们的食物来源鱼类有可能吃到塑料，故选A。24B根据下文可知，人类引起污染，也可以采取措施制止污染，所以此句应是转折，故选B。25E根据前一句讲述“报道呼吁公司要改进塑料的使用方法。”故E项“它要求他们更好地测量和控制塑料的使用。”承接上一句，E项中的It代指前一句提到的The report。7