（江苏专版）2020版高考英语 考前保分训练 专题3 阅读理解 第3节 议论文练习 牛津译林版

第3节议论文题组训练一1话题：一分钱硬币是否取消难度：建议用时：7分钟Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012，andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness，andpeopledontreallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear，makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million.Andforwhat？Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce，butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation，whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday.Ineffect，removingthepennymeansallretail(零售) priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies；somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon，andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples，aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity，actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers(铜币).Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront.MrPresident，however，doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“ItsoneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen，”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies：Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks.Thepenny，MrPresidentsaid，is“agoodmetaphor(隐喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwevegot”.Thegovernment，hesaid，hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdontworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。既然一分钱硬币几乎没有实用价值，那为什么不取消呢？文章探讨了其中的几个原因。1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny.B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica.C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies.D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是“Coiningpennies.peopledontreallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.million”可知，和在加拿大一样，在美国铸造一分钱硬币是一件赔钱的事情，并且人们已经不再需要它了。每铸造100个一分钱硬币，就要耗费1.43美元。去年，铸造一分钱硬币花费了纳税人近3900万美元。这都说明，对美国而言，铸造这种硬币似乎没有必要了。故选C。2.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny?A.Toreducethesalestax.B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers.C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln.D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsumers.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Pricesthatend.pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知，支持使用一分钱硬币的人士认为取消一分钱硬币会损害消费者的利益，也就是说他们维护一分钱硬币的目的是维护消费者的利益。故选D。3.WhatisMrPresidentsattitudetowardmakingpennies?A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Defensive.D.Objective.答案A解析观点态度题。根据最后两段的内容，尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor(隐喻) forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwevegot”“hasapoortrackrecordofgettingridofthingsthatdontworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”可知，总统先生曾表示，他觉得没有理由再铸造一分钱硬币了。他还觉得一分钱硬币是“一个很好的隐喻，象征着我们存在的一些更大的问题”，而且在“去除已经没有用的东西，以便我们在可行的东西上进行投入”方面，政府做得很差。由此可推知，总统先生对铸造一分钱硬币持消极态度。故选A。2话题：薯片分量减少难度：建议用时：7分钟Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers(激怒).PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags，HughJohnston，thecompanysCFO，toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags，”Johnstonsaid.Actually，itshalfanounceless.RegularLaysaresoldin10-ouncebags；flavoredLaysaresoldin9.5-ouncebags；andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot，butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath.Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLayspotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulkormerelyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butletsassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLayssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLaysintheU.S.eachyearor3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout21.5centsperbag，andabout$80millionintotalperyear.Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower，butitsnotentirelyunreasonable.IfLaysischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags，itslikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones，too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou，butitsprobablyworthtensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually.PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLayschipsaresoldforthesameprice，butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand，”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(调味品)，”hesaid.Butthatdoesntappeartobethecase.Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese，barbecue，sourcreamandonion，andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere (ornotthere) toincreasethepotatochipmakersprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips，becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones，accordingtoJohnston.PerhapsthatswhyLaysisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.ThelaunchispartofPepsiCosannual“DoUsaFlavor”contest，inwhichitletscustomersparticipateintheflavorcreationprocess.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。百事对单包风味薯片偷偷减少分量，其辩解说是为了弥补原料上的额外费用，但作者认为并不是那样，其实就是为了提高利润。4.WhatdidPepsiCodotoarousepublicdissatisfaction?A.Theyraisedthepriceoftheirflavoredchips.B.Theygaveshortweighttotheirflavoredchips.C.Theychangedtheflavorsoftheirpotatochips.D.Theyputmoreseasoningsintotheirpotatochips.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的“PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags”可知，百事在单包风味薯片上减少分量，这导致争议。giveshortweight是固定用法，意为“缺斤少两”。故选B。5.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bymakingcomparisons.答案A解析写作手法题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“some$1.6billion”“10-ouncebags”“morethan372millionbags”“3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce”“about21.5centsperbag”“about$80million”可知，作者主要是通过列数据的方式来陈述第三段的内容。故选A。6.WhydoLaysflavoredchipschargemoreperounceaccordingtoJeffDahncke?A.Tomakemoreprofits.B.Toupgradetheirproducts.C.Tobalanceadditionalcosts.D.Tosatisfymorepeoplestaste.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings(调味品)”，并结合倒数第二段中的“tomakeupfortheaddedinputcosts”可知，据JeffDahncke所言，风味薯片每盎司要价提高是因为添加了调味品，而百事不足量地包装其薯片是为了弥补由此造成的额外费用。故选C。7.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“hasasoftspotfor”inthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Hasasayin.B.Hasalookat.C.Hasaccessto.D.Hasaffectionfor.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones”及最后一段第一句“PerhapsthatswhyLaysisgettingreadytolaunchamassofnewspecialtypotatochipflavors.”可知，百事公司卖特色薯片比卖普通薯片更赚钱，而且他们亦准备推出一大批新的特色薯片口味，并举行比赛让顾客参与其创造过程。由此可推知，百事公司对自己的特色薯片应是情有独钟的，画线短语hasasoftspotfor应是“喜欢某人(或某物)”之意。故选D。3话题：关于意志力的研究难度：建议用时：7分钟(2019江西师范大学附属中学三模) Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑) isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail? Notnecessarily.Researchersdontbelievethatoneswillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpoweratleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYearsEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，donttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，youllnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwontrequiremakingdecisionsatall.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚定。8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresonessuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力很难完全耗尽。故C选项正确。9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase答案A解析词义猜测题。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被削弱，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tapinto”指“利用”，与makeuseof同义。故A选项正确。10.Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句的内容“虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样，规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。”可知，两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。11.Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句的内容“一个接一个地制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。”可知，C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。题组训练二1话题：温室气体难度：建议用时：7分钟Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming，weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee (aleadingexpertincarbonfootprint) mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy，andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce，includingtheingredients，theelectricity，theequipment，thetransportandthepackaging.Anditsfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Leescalculations，itsclearthatapint (568ml) oflocally-brewed(酿制的) beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway，anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g! So，onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike，surely? Well，itdependsonwhatyouvehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So，ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf，ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However，ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride，its200g.Infact，bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydontneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So，doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment? Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle，youdontuseyourcar；andthefewercarsontheroad，thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So，maybeitstimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer，please.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章作者鼓励大家采取行动，减少温室气体的排放，并说明了一些具体的做法。1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?A.Apintoflocalbeer.B.Abottleofimportedbeer.C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g！”和第四段中的“So，ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf，ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However，ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride，its200g.”可知，吃一根香蕉然后骑1.5公里自行车产生的碳足迹最小，故选C。2.Accordingtothearticle，theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis.A.moretastyB.easiertobuyC.betterpackagedD.moreenergy-saving答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway，anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2，buttheimportedbeerproduces900g! So，onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.”可推断出，作者建议选择当地的食物，因为它更节能，故选D。3.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleisto.A.promoteanewbookB.advertisetheimportedbeerC.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintD.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2答案D解析写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段可知，文章是鼓励大家采取行动，减少温室气体的排放的，故选D。2话题：暑假难度：建议用时：8分钟YoureturnfromworkonanAugustevening.YourunwashedteenagesonisonthesofawatchingTV，ashehasbeendoingforthepasteighthours.Yourdaughter，gluedtotheiPad，acknowledgesyourpresencewithagrunt(咕哝).Notforthefirsttime，youaskyourself：Whyareschoolsummerholidayssoinsufferablylong?Thisisamoreseriousquestionthanitsounds.Manychildrenwillreturnfromthelongbreakhavingforgottenmuchofwhattheyweretaughtthepreviousyear.Onestudyfoundthatthis“summerlearningloss”couldbeashighasaquarteroftheyearseducation.Poorchildrentendtobetheworstaffected，sincerichonestypicallyliveinhomesfullofbooksandarepackedofftosummercamptolearnrobotics，Latinorpiano.AstudyfromBatimorefoundthatvariations(差别) insummerlossmightpossiblyaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorchildrenbytheageof1415.Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpoorfamilies，sincefreeschoolmealsstopandextrachildcarekicksin.Moretimeinschoolneednotmeanrepeatingthesameoldlessons.Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial，particularlyforthosefallingbehind.Butthesummercouldalsobeatimefordifferentkindsoflearning：criticalthinking，practicalskills，internship(实习)schoolsshouldbefreetoexperiment.Spaceshouldnotbeaproblem.Manyschoolbuildingssitvacantinthesummer.Well-offchildrenoftenalreadyusethesummertobroadentheirmindsandpolishtheircollegeapplicationsapricycampsordoingsummerjobsfoundthroughconnections.Schoolsshouldhelptherestcatchup.Otherpublicservicesdonotsimplydisappearforaquarteroftheyear.Itwouldbeunthinkableforhospitalsorthepolicetodoso.Sowhydoschoolsgetawaywithit?语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了放暑假给学生带来的一些问题，并呼吁学校在暑假期间为学生们提供一些额外的学习项目。4.Paragraph2mainlydiscussesthedifferentinfluenceofonchildrens“summerlearningloss”.A.financeB.intelligenceC.cultureD.activities答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述家境好的孩子在暑假期间可以学习拉丁舞、钢琴或者参加夏令营，而家境贫穷的孩子则无法通过暑期学习增长知识、开阔眼界；再结合该段最后一句中的“Longholidayssurelystrainthebudgetsofpourfamilies”可推知，本段主要论述了家庭经济条件的不同给孩子们的暑假生活带来的不同影响。故选A。5.Whatcouldschoolsdoduringsummerholidays?A.Reviewingpreviouslessons.B.Offeringvariousinternship.C.Providingextralearning.D.Tutoringpoorstudents.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“Someextrapracticewouldbebeneficial”和“atimefordifferentkindsoflearning”可知，学校可以在暑假期间给学生提供一些额外的学习机会。故选C。6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“hospitalsandthepolice”inthelastparagraph?A.Hospitalsandthepolicedeservepraisefortheirservice.B.Schoolsshouldremaininserviceduringsummerholidays.C.Childrencouldtakeadvantageofpublicserviceforsummerjobs.D.Somefunctionsofhospitalsandthepolicecouldbeservedinschools.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，其他公共服务机构不会每年消失一个季度，而是全年开放。如果医院和警察局每年也有一个季度不开放的话，那简直无法想象，所以为什么学校可以是个例外呢？由此可推知，作者举医院和警察局的例子是建议学校在暑假期间也应该开放。故选B。3话题：购物难度：建议用时：8分钟Abargainissomethingofferedatalowandadvantageousprice.Amorerecentdefinitionis：abargainisadirtytricktoforcemoneyoutofthepocketsofsillyandinnocentpeople.Thecostofproducinganewforexampletoothpastewouldmake80ptheproperpriceforit，sowewillmarketitat1.20.Itisnotabadtoothpaste，andaspeopleliketotrynewthingsitwillsellwelltostartwith；buttheattractionofnovelty(新奇) soonfades，sosaleswillfall.Whenthathappenswewillreducethepriceto1.15.Andwewillturnitintoabargainbyprinting5pOFFalloverit.Sometimesitisnot5pOFFbut1pOFF.Whatbreathtakingrudenesstoadvertise1pOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderorwhatever！Eventhepoorestold-agepensioner(领养老金者) oughttoregardthisasaninsult(侮辱)，buthedoesnt.Abargainmustnotbemissed.Peoplesayonehastohavewashingpowder(orwhatever) andonemightaswellbuyitapennycheaper.Therealdangerstartswhenunnecessarythingsbecome“bargains”.Manypeoplejustcannotresistbargains.Providedtheythinktheyaregettingabargaintheywillbuyclothestheywillneverwearorfurnituretheyhavenospacefor.OnceIheardofamanwhoboughtanelectricsawasabargainandcutofftwoofhisfingersthenextday.Buthehadnoregrets：thesawhadbeentrulycheap.Quiteafewpeopleactuallybelievethattheymakemoneyonsuchbargains.Aladyoncetoldme：“Ivehadaluckydaytoday.Iboughtadressfor120，reducedfrom400；andIboughtabeautifulPersiancarpetfor600，reducedfrom900.”Itwillneveroccurtoherthatshehasactuallywasted720.Shefeelsasthoughshehadmade580.Shealsofeels，Iamsure，thatifshehadmoretimeforshopping，shecouldmakealivingoutofit.Somepeoplebuyinlargequantitiesbecauseitischeaper.Onceacoupleboughtenoughsugarfortheirlifetimeandthelifetimeoftheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Theythoughtitabargainnottobemissed.Whenthesugararrivedtheydidntknowwheretostoreituntiltheyrealizedthattheirtoiletwasaveryspacious(宽敞的) one.Sothatwaswheretheypileduptheirsugar.Notonlydidtheirguestsfeelratherstrangewhenevertheywereofferedsugartoputintotheircoffee，butthetoiletbecameextremelysticky(粘性的).Toofferbargainsisacommercialtricktomakethepoorpoorer.Whengreedyfoolsfallforthistrick，itservesthemright.语篇解读这是一篇议论文，讲述人们购物时盲目追求折扣却有可能造成不理性消费的现象。7.Whichwordbestdescribesthelanguagestyleofthepassage?A.Polite.B.Foolish.C.Humorous.D.Serious.答案C解析推理判断题。通过全文给出的几个例子，如第四段买电锯结果把自己的手指锯了，倒数第二段的买了太多的糖结果放卫生间了等都能看出这是一种幽默的手法，故选C。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean?A.Abargainisworthmuch.B.Thepoorlikebargains.C.Abargainisnotworthbuying.D.Onlyafoolbuysabargain.答案C解析句意理解题。根据文章全文内容并结合文章第一句话可知，本文主要告诉读者，购买便宜货要慎重，因为可能有陷阱，容易上当，所以得出结论，便宜货不值得买。故C项符合语境。9.FromParagraph5，weknowthatthelady.A.wastoofoolishtobuythosebargainsthatwereuselessB.focusedtoomuchattentiononthediscountinsteadofherneedC.wantedtomakealivingbysellingclothesD.actuallywasted580tobuythedressoflowquality答案B解析推理判断题。根据关键句可知，这位女士只觉得自己好像从打折中“赚”了580英镑，而根本没有想到自己其实可能是浪费了720英镑，因为买回来的这些便宜货未必会用得着。由此可知B项符合语境。10.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Bargainsarethingspeopledontreallyneed.B.Bargainsareoftenrealcheapproducts.C.Bargainshelppeoplemakealiving.D.Bargainsplaytricksonpeople.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章，大甩卖不一定买到的都是需要的东西。故A选项绝对化了。由文章可知，大甩卖往往是某种刺激消费，如文中提到的买衣服和地毯的女性，买糖的夫妇，及最后一段第一句中的关键词commercialtrick判断便宜销售就是商家玩的把戏，人们可能会因为盲目追求折扣而不理性消费，故B、C两项均可排除。故选D。题组训练三1话题：词源研究难度：建议用时：7分钟Etymology，thestudyofwordsandwordroots，maysoundlikethekindofthingdonebyboringlibrariansinsmall，dustyrooms.Yetetymologistsactuallyhaveauniquelyinterestingjob.Theyareinmanywaysjustlikearchaeologists(考古学家) diggingupthephysicalhistoryofpeopleandevents.Thespecialaspectofetymologyisthatitdigsuphistory，sotospeak，throughthewordsandphrasesthatareleftbehind.TheEnglishlanguage，inparticular，isagreatfieldtoexplorehistorythroughwords.Asalanguage，Englishhasanextraordinarynumberofwords.Thisispartlyduetoitsabilitytoadaptforeignwordssoreadily.Forexample，“English”wordssuchaskindergarten(fromGerman)，croissant(fromFrench)，andcheetah(fromHindi) havebecomepartofthelanguagewithlittleornochangefromtheiroriginalsoundsandspellings.SoEnglish-languageetymologistshaveavastworldofwordstoexplore.Anotherenjoyablethingaboutetymologyformostwordexpertsissolvingwordmysteries(谜).No，etymologistsdonotgoaroundsolvingmurders，likethegreatdetectiveSherlockHolmes.Whatthesewordexpertssolveare