虚拟语气 (2)

虚拟语气教学案例一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1） 表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2） 表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去完成时”，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3） 表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“一般过去时或should+ 动词原形或were to + 动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should/could might + 动词原形”。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4） 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we (should) leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated on.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advice、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如：Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET95 )A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. (NMET94)A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET 93)A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。三、虚拟语气专项练习选择填空1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able4. If you asked your father, you _ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get5. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves6. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be9. If you _Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contact C. werent to contact D. hadnt contacted10. _he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadnt contacted13. If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years. A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was18. I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的). A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended19. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed_ there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling21. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone22. I wish I _ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were23. I wish that I_ the concert last night. A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone25. “I wish you_ me to put these things away,” he said. A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help26. If the Watergate Incident_ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling27. I hadnt expected _James to apologize but I had hoped . A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ . A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself29. The teacher suggested that her students _ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip_ a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift34. He described the town as if he_ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _from an evil dream. A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke