2022届中考英语复习 第二篇 中考语法专项 第29课 非谓语动词基础知识

2022届中考英语复习 第二篇 中考语法专项 第29课 非谓语动词基础知识一、动词不定式动词不定式构成不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not+to+动词原形。功能说明例句作主语不定式作主语，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作表语多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。My work is to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这个房间。作宾语只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。What sports does he like to play? 他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。作宾补在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。The boss makes his workers work all day. 老板让他的员工整天工作。作定语不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。Have you got anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。Im sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。（表原因）I went to the library to study English. 我去图书馆学英语了。（表目的）不带to的不定式除了在使役动词make, let, have及感官动词see, hear, watch, notice等后可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语外，还有以下几种情况动词不定式符号to应省略。1. 在情态动词后跟不带to的动词不定式。2. 在had better后跟不带to的动词不定式。3. 在why （not）.后跟不带to的动词不定式。4. 在Will/Would you please （not）.句型中，please后跟不带to的动词不定式。【活学活用】 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital _（cheer） them up.2. They have decided_ （join） the English club.3. Why not_ （stop） working and have a rest?4. The boy was made_ （study） for twelve hours a day without resting.5. Could you please not_ （wear） jeans to school? Its against the school rule.二、动名词（现在分词）与过去分词动名词/现在分词构成动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，可接宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。功能例句/说明作主语Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。作表语Her job is washing clothes. 她的工作是洗衣服。作及物动词的宾语常接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词短语有：enjoy（喜欢），finish（完成），mind（介意），avoid（避免），practice（练习），admit（承认），consider（认为），suggest（建议），give up（放弃），keep on（保持），put off（推迟）等。如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？动名词/现在分词作介词或动词短语的宾语作定语一般情况下，单个分词作定语要放在被修饰词的前面，要是分词短语作定语则要放在被修饰词的后面。如：There is a swimming pool in front of our school. 在我们学校前面有一个游泳池。The man talking to a stranger loudly is our English teacher. 正和一位陌生人大声交谈的那个人是我们的英语老师。作状语现在分词在句中作伴随状语，而且句子的主语是现在分词的执行者。如：We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 我们考虑到孩子们都喜欢这些东西，就通常给他们提供玩具、足球或篮球。过去分词特征过去分词具有形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作定语、宾语补足语、表语、状语；也具有动词的特征，其后可以跟宾语或被状语修饰，构成分词短语。功能功能说明例句作定语一般情况下，单个分词作定语要放在被修饰词的前面，要是分词短语作定语则要放在被修饰词的后面。He is a well-known English teacher. 他是一位有名的英语老师。There is a letter written by Li Ming. 有一封李明写的信。作宾语补足语过去分词用在see, hear, notice, keep, find, get, have等动词后作宾语补足语。Teenagers are not allowed to get their ears pierced.青少年不允许穿耳洞。You should have your bike repaired. 你应该找人修修你的自行车。动词后接不定式与接v.-ing形式的区别1. forget doing/to doforget doing忘记做过某事（已做）；forget to do忘了要做某事（未做）。如：The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还亮着，他忘记关了。（没关灯）He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关灯了。（已关灯）Dont forget to buy some food for your mother tomorrow. 明天别忘了给你妈妈买些食品。2. stop doing/to dostop doing停止做某事；stop to do停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事。如：They stop to smoke cigarettes. 他们停下来去抽烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。3. regret doing/to doregret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔（已做）；regret to do对要做的事遗憾（未做）。如：I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，但我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。4. 感官动词+doing/do常见的感官动词有see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste。“感官动词+do”表示动作的完整性、真实性；“感官动词+doing”表示动作的连续性、进行性。如：I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调“我看见他在干活”这一整个动作）I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我看见他正在干活”这个动作）【活学活用】 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Remember_ （post） the letter for me on your way to school.2. I remember_ （meet） all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school.3. Tom, you should have your hair_ （cut） this evening. Its too long.4. Its important_ （get） on well with your classmates at school.5. Im considering_ （buy） a new car this year.当堂检测一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. （xx杭州中考）These days it is difficult_ （imagine） a world without books.2. Why havent you left school, Bob?Im waiting for my father_ （take） me home.3. I found it very hard_ （arrive） on time because of the heavy rain.4. He used_ on the right in China, but he soon got used_ （drive） on the left in England.5. I will show you the photos_ （take） in Thailand by the time they e out.6. What should I do, doctor?_（keep） healthy, you should take more exercise.7. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams_ （e） true.8. Mr. Wang does what he can_ （help） us improve our English.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。（xx绍兴市越城区中考模拟） you surprise people fill at 1. With the help of the robots,_ life has bee more and more convenient.2. A child is not a vase to be_ , but a fire to be lit.3. Look up_ the stars, there is hope everywhere.4._ , she didnt feel nervous, or regretful about her actions.5. Dont be afraid to go for your dreams. Dont be afraid to be_ .三、任务型阅读。（xx丽水模拟）阅读下面的短文，找出合适的内容填入文后的表格中，完成不同表达方式的摘记。One thing that the British, the Americans and the Australians have in mon is their language: they all speak English. But, if youre a tourist in one of these places, youll find there are many differences.and not only in the language!Have a look at our essential survivalguide.Being PoliteYou want to know how to be polite wherever you are. Its mon for people to queue（UK/Aus） and stand in line（US） at bus stops and in shopsso dont push to the front. Dont be surprised to hear English people saying “sorry” a loteven if its you who steps on their foot. Its best just to say “sorry”, too. And in the US, when every shop assistant asks “How are you?” Its polite to answer “Im good, thanks.” In Australia, it is a bit more informal, as most people greet each other with the traditional Australian “Gday”.Eating OutAs a visitor in a new country, you try new food and go to different restaurants. Youll soon learn the differences in various kinds of food and drink, such as French fries（US） and chips（UK/Aus）, and soda（US）, fizzy drink（UK） and soft drink（Aus）. Remember, too, about tipping: in the US, it is mon to tip 18-20% of your check（US） wherever you go. In the UK and in Australia, most people tip about 12-15% of their bill（UK/Aus）.Travel and TransportIn the UK, and in Australia, you drive on the left side of the road, but in the US, you drive on the right. Remember this is also important if you are a pedestrian（行人）. When you cross the road, check the direction of the vehicles（车辆） before stepping off the sidewalk（US）, the pavement（UK） or the footpath（Aus）.The differences in the languageUKAusUSqueuequeue1chipschips2 fizzy drink3soda4billcheckpavement5sidewalk参考答案课堂突破一、1. to cheer 2. to join 3. stop 4. to study5. wear二、1. to post 2. meeting 3. cut 4. to get5. buying当堂检测一、1. to imagine 2. to take 3. to arrive4. to drive, to driving 5. taken 6. To keep7. e 【解析】make后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。8. to help 【解析】根据句意“王老师做他能够做的来帮助我们提高英语”可知应该用动词不定式作目的状语。二、1. peoples 2. filled 3. at 4. Surprisingly5. yourself/yourselves三、1. line 2. French fries 3. soft drink 4. bill5. footpath