2022年高中英语《Unit 4 Sharing》语法探究 新人教版选修7

2022年高中英语Unit 4 Sharing语法探究 新人教版选修7限定性定语从句课前自学（ SBP32 Discovering useful structures）语法知识精讲一.关系代词所作成分代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat/as宾语whomwhichthat/as定语whose/of whomwhose/of which关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况.1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时.Tell me everything that you know.2当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no any, little, much, some修饰时.This is the only coat that I have.3当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时.This is the most beautiful city that I visited.4. 当先行词被序数词修饰时.This is the first lesson that we have this term.5.当先行词既包括人又包括物时.He hasnt sent us the workers and equipment that we need.6.当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时.Which is the coat that you like best?7.当先行词在句中作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.China is no longer the country that she was.二.由“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，能作此用法的关系代词主要是which，其次是whom.prep + whom/which该结构中的whom代指前面提到的人，which代指前面提到的事物。例如：I dont know the old woman to whom I gave the umbrella yesterday.我不认识我昨天送给雨伞的那位老人。在限制性定语从句中，如果含有作地点状语的in/on/at which结构，该结构中的介词也可以移到句末；这时关系代词that, which在口语和非正式文体中经常省略。例如：This is the factory which/that I once worked in.This is the hotel (which/that) they are staying at.三.关系副词引导的定语从句.1.关系副词when, why, where在定语从句中分别代替表示时间,地点,原因的先行词,并分别在从句中作时间,地点,原因状语.另外关系副词也可根据其在句中的搭配关系,转换成”介词+关系代词”的结构.如下:关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用When/that表示时间的名词时间状语Where表示地点的名词地点状语Why/that表示原因的名词(只用reason)原因状语He came at a time when (=at which) we needed help.The day will e when (=on which) well win the final victory.We know the place where (=in which) our teacher lives.Do you know the reason why (=for which) he was so sorry?2.使用关系副词时应注意的问题.(1)time作先行词时,如前面有序数词或last修饰时,不用when引导定语从句,要用that或省去不用.如果time之前无序数词或last,则用when或that引导.The last time (that)I saw him was in xx.(2)当先行词为表示方式的the way时,从句不能用how来引导,应用that或in which,或将它们全部省略.We admired the way (that) he solved the problem.I dont like the way (in which) you spoke to her.They didnt do it the way (that) we do now.