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Unit 1 Living well(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1hearing n听力；听觉2eyesight n. _视力3dictation n. 口授；听写(的文字)4entry n. 项目；进入；入口5clumsy adj. 笨拙的6firm n. 公司adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的7software n. 软件8psychology n. 心理(学)9psychologically adv. 心理(学)地；精神上地10architect n. 建筑师11abolish vt. 废除；废止12literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献13companion n. 同伴；伙伴14dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质.重点单词写其形1noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的2outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的3adapt vt. 使适应；改编4fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的n. 同伴；同志；伙伴5conduct_ n. 行为；品行vt. 指挥；管理；主持 6graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼7handy adj. 方便的；有用的8community n. 社区；团体；社会9profit_ n. 收益；利润；盈利10resign vi.&vt. 辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)11adequate adj. 足够的；充分的.拓展单词通其变1suitable adj.适合的；适宜的suit v适合 n西服；套装2beneficial adj.有益的；受益的benefit n优势；益处 v对有益3disability n伤残；无力；无能；残疾disabled adj.伤残的disable v使残疾；使失去能力able adj.有能力的enable v使能够ability n能力纵联14ambition n雄心；野心ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的纵联25absence n缺席；不在某处absent adj.缺席的；不在的6annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼annoyed adj.颇为生气的annoying adj.使人烦恼的annoyance n烦恼纵联37encouragement n鼓励；奖励encourage v鼓励；鼓舞encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的discourage v阻止；使灰心courage n勇气；胆量8assistance n协助；援助assist v帮助；援助assistant n助手9congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺congratulation n祝贺；贺词10access n(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 v到达accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的纵联411approval n赞成；认可approve v支持；赞成；同意disapprove v不赞成纵联5纵联1.“dis”前缀表示“不；非；相反；相对”disability n伤残；无能 discourage v阻止；使灰心discomfort n&v.(使)不舒服 disappear v消失disadvantage n不利条件 dishonest adj.不诚实的纵联2.“目标、梦想、抱负”不可少ambition n雄心；野心 purpose n目的；意图target n目标；对象 dream n梦想aim n&v.目标；目的 goal n目标纵联3.真的“生气”了annoy vt.使不悦 explode v勃然大怒mad/crazy adj.气愤的 angry adj. 生气的anger n. 生气 upset v使生气纵联4.看我们“双胞胎”兄弟像不像access (到达)assess (评估)flash (闪光)flesh (肉体)expect (期待)expert (专家)divorce (离婚)diverse (不同的)aboard (在船上)abroad (在国外)adapt (改编；使适应)adopt (采纳；收养)纵联5.以“val”结尾的名词approveapproval 赞成removeremoval 移除arrivearrival 到达survivesurvival 生存单元话题生活态度子话题1积极的生活态度positive adj. 积极乐观的determined adj. 坚定的independent adj. 独立的optimistic adj. 乐观的generous adj. 慷慨的；宽宏大量的diligent adj. 勤奋的confident adj. 自信的，确信的dedicated/devoted adj. 有奉献精神的 子话题2消极的生活态度worried adj. 闷闷不乐的，焦虑的indifferent adj. 漠不关心的pessimism n. 悲观，悲观主义depressed adj. 消沉的gloomy adj. 令人沮丧的，阴郁的pessimistic adj. 悲观的negative adj. 消极的unconcerned adj. 不关心的学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018全国卷阅读D)Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence.Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its (annoy) and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.用annoy的正确形式填空：annoying，该单词的另一个形容词为annoyed，意为“恼火的”写出benefit在本单元的同根形容词：beneficial，该形容词相当于be of benefit2(2016浙江高考任务型阅读)As a firstyear, I was afraid to make any (noisy) towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor (校长), asking him for support towards my initiatives (提议), met with the Vice Chancellors, and cooperated with my teaching assistants to begin my undergraduate research project. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.用noisy的适当形式填空：noise写出加彩词在本单元中的同根名词：assistance，同样表达“帮助”的单词还有aid, help等高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018北京高考书面表达)我告诉他们饮茶对身体有益，并且鼓励他们学习怎样制作茶。(beneficial, encourage)I_told_them_that_drinking_tea_is_beneficial_to_our_health_and_encouraged_them_to_learn_how_to_make_tea.2(2018全国卷书面表达)我们不仅有机会免费学篮球课程，而且我们学校也会举办各种各样的体育比赛。(access)Not_only_do_we_have_free_access_to_basketball_courses,_but_also_our_school_holds_various_kinds_of_sports_competitions.(二)课堂重点释疑1adapt vt.使适应；改编 记牢(1)adapt to适应/适合adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt .to do . 调整以做(2)adapt .from 根据改编adapt .for 把改写/改编成(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本练通单句语法填空Thirdculture kids may not be able to adapt themselves (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected.Adapted (adapt) from JK.Rowlings book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.The famous expert adapted his speech to_suit (suit) the interests of his audience.Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.写美翻译句子(2018北京高考书面表达)参加一些网络汉语口语课程可帮助你适应汉语的语言环境。Taking_some_online_courses_of_spoken_Chinese_can_be_helpful_for_you_to_adapt_to_the_Chinese_language_environment.2absence n缺席；不在某处记牢(1)absence from缺席；不在absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence 某人不在时in the absence of 不在；缺少(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的be absent from 不参加；缺席absentminded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的练通单句语法填空(2017全国卷)In the _absence (absent) of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.What I failed to expect was that several students were absent (absence) from such an important exam.写美补全句子(201711月浙江高考写作)如果妈妈不那么健忘的话，我们不会那么麻烦，一次次回来。If_Mom_hadnt_been_that_absentminded,_it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again.3annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼记牢(1)annoyed adj.颇为生气的；恼火的be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气(2)annoying adj. 使人烦恼的练通单句语法填空I did get a bit annoyed (annoy) because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month.(2016天津高考)It was really annoying (annoy); I couldnt get access to the data bank you had recommended.I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.写美补全句子(2016江苏高考书面表达)说实话，选民有时候感到烦恼，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.4conduct n行为；品行 vt.指挥；管理；主持记牢(1)improper/violent conduct不恰当的/暴力的行为conduct of sth. 的管理/经营方式(2)conduct sb. around 带领某人参观conduct an experiment 做实验conduct a concert 指挥音乐会conduct a survey/an investigation 开展调查 conduct oneself 表现；为人练通单句语法填空(20186月浙江高考)The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself_as a good neighbor should.They needed a dependable legal environment for the conduct of their business.(20166月浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2012. 用准conduct oneself 指的是一个人的举止和行为表现，可好可差，而behave oneself意为“表现得体，有礼貌”，两者之间是有一定差别的。写美 句式升级(2015广东高考写作)Last month, some researchers made a new study about DNA Test, and it appeared in the foreign medical field.A new study about DNA Test _conducted_by_some_researchers last month appeared in the foreign medical field.(过去分词作后置定语)5congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺记牢(1)congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.就向某人祝贺congratulate .for . 因而祝贺(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；贺词；恭喜 (常用复数)congratulations to sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事express/send/offer congratulations to sb.on/for sth. 因某事祝贺某人练通单句语法填空Welcome to China, and congratulate for your new company in Shanghai being set up!I got that job I wanted at the public library.Congratulations (congratulate)！Thats good news.I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of the English speech contest.用准congratulation在用作名词时，常常要用复数形式。写美翻译句子祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得大的进步。Congratulations_on_your_making_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese.6access n(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 vt.存取；访问辨清写出下列句中access的词性和含义To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot. n可接近性The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. n通路He accessed three different files to find the correct information. vt.访问记牢(1)have/get/gain (no) access to有(没有)的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近give access to 准许进入(接近)(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的be accessible to 可接近；可靠近；可使用练通单句语法填空(2018江苏高考)Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.He put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible (access) to the kids.用准access的本意是“进入某一地点的通道或者入口”，侧重于进入的手段和途径，其含义是抽象的，一般用作不可数名词，常与介词to连用，且access和accessible短语中的to都是介词。此外，access在计算机术语中，可用作动词，意为“访问；存取”；其他情况下作动词时，意为“到达；使用；进入”。写美 补全句子(2018北京高考书面表达)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到最好的中国文化。Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, where_you_can_gain_access_to_the_best_Chinese_culture.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1It was my classmates comfort and encouragement (鼓励) that helped me become confident.2Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable (适合的) for you.3Callari has never worked with someone with a disability (残疾) before.4At the graduation (毕业) ceremony, just as she expected，she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.5I cant agree to anything without my partners _approval (赞成)6The teacher punished the noisy_ (吵闹的) children by making them stay after school.7Her husbands talking with full food in his mouth always annoys (使不悦) me.8The young assistant often gives us timely assistance (协助) in preparing tools for experiments.9She requested the community (社区) to turn this house into a shelter upon her death.10Children whose friends are outgoing (外向的) will gradually take on optimistic personality over time.单句语法填空1She also knew from previous work conducted (conduct) on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time.2I received some emails of_congratulations (congratulate) from my friends on my birthday.3In addition, the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening ones horizons, which in turn is_beneficial (benefit) to ones study.4His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more _ambitious (ambition) and serious than his earlier books.5As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence (absent) of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”6All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible (access) to the disabled.7In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film adapted from it.8What you have acted shows the position is not suitable for someone like you.In other words, you have lost the chance.根据提示补全句子1在这个贫困地区实施希望工程之前，孩子们无法接受教育。(access)Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had_no_access_to_education.2大学毕业后，我逐渐使自己适应了独立生活。(adapt)After graduation from college, I gradually_adapted_myself_to_living on my own.3警察没有证据，只好把约翰逊放了。 (absence)In_the_absence_of_any_evidence,_the police had to let Johnson go.4让我最生气的是，昨天发生那样的事，竟没有收到一句道歉。(annoy)What_annoyed_me_most was that I received no apology for what happened yesterday.5我们已经决定对这一现象进行一次彻底的调查。(conduct)We have decided_to_conduct_a_thorough_survey about this phenomenon.语境辨义根据语境选出conduct的词性和词义1My friend went home, leaving me to conduct the band._B_2He conducted himself far better than expected._E_3Under the conduct of his teacher, he is not what he used to be._A_4In addition to acquiring and testing a vehicle, the investigators decided to conduct a survey._D_5Having been conducted around the library, the visitors were shown the painting exhibition._C_(一)课前自主学习1in_other_words换句话说2._adapt_to 适合；适应串记1 切去；省略；停止(做某事)串记2 上气不接下气串记3 总而言之6sit_around 闲坐着7as_well_as 和；也8in_many_ways 在很多方面9make_fun_of 取笑10never_mind 不必担心；没关系11all_the_best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利12meet_with 遇到；经历；会晤13rather_than 而不是同根短语串记串记1.一刀“cut”掉cut out 切去；省略；停止cut off 切断；隔断；断绝cut in 插入；插话；插队cut down 砍倒；削减；压缩cut up 切碎；割碎；剪碎串记2.不在状态的“out ofn.”out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失控 out of date 过时out of fashion 不再流行 out of order 出毛病 out of work 失业 out of sight 看不见out of question 没问题；无疑 out of the question 不可能的串记3.“all”短语大集会all in all 总而言之all the best 一切顺利all the same 尽管如此above all 首先；最重要的是all at once 立刻；马上all of a sudden 突然after all 毕竟；终究1try to overcome these difficulties 尽力克服这些困难2used to_climb trees 过去常常爬树3do sth.with_dignity 有尊严地做某事4find it worthwhile/meaningful 发现这很有意义5become_more independent 变得更加独立6live a normal life 过着正常的生活7have trouble_hearing 听力有困难1Sometimes, too, I was_too_weak_to_go_to_school so my education suffered.有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。2I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。3Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as_rich_and_full_a_life_as_you do.接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。4For disabled customers it_would_be_more_convenient_to_place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.在影院入口处的附近安置厕所会让残疾人感觉更加方便。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语(词汇替换/补全句子)1(2015天津高考完形填空)Surprisingly, they didnt laugh at us.They renewed their offer instead.(用本单元短语替换加彩短语)make_fun_of_2(2010湖北高考完形填空)He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt_to_her_new_environment (适应她的新环境)高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(词汇升级/翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which pingpong, football and running competitions enjoy great popularity.(用本单元的短语升级加彩单词)as_well_as2(2018全国卷书面表达)首先，你提前20分钟到更好，这样，你能帮助主人准备晚宴。(it作形式主语，现在分词作状语)To_begin_with,_it_would_be_better_to_arrive_20_minutes_earlier,_allowing_you_to_help_the_host_prepare_the_dinner.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1in other words 换句话说记牢word comes/came that .有消息传来说in a word 总之；简言之keep ones word 遵守诺言break ones word 失信；不守诺言have a word with . 与谈一谈have words with . 与争吵练通单句语法填空Word came that Linda won first place in the English competition yesterday.She hoped he would keep his word.But her hope was a fragile thing.用准(1)keep/break ones word中的word 要用单数形式。(2)注意“与某人谈一谈”是“have a word with sb.”，而用“words”，就变成了“争吵”。写美翻译句子总之，我相信未来我的生活会更加富有、更加多姿多彩。In_a_word,_I_believe_my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful_in_the_future.(20186月浙江高考写作)我们不知道身在何处。也就是说，我们根本回不到原来那条路上。We_had_no_idea_where_we_were._In_other_words,_we_couldnt_get_back_along_the_original_track_at_all.2out of breath 上气不接下气 记牢(1)hold ones breath屏住呼吸catch ones breath 喘息；恢复正常呼吸lose ones breath 喘不过气来take a deep breath 深呼吸(2)breathe v. 呼吸 练通 选用上述短语填空(2018北京高考)By mile 17, I became out_of_breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch_his_breath.Take_a_deep_breath,_and then you may feel relaxed.We all held_our_breath while Mr. Evans announced the exam results.写美翻译句子大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，然而我们看到了美丽的风景。About_2_hours_later,_we_all_reached_the_top.Though_out_of_breath,_we_were_rewarded_with_beautiful_scenery.句式集释现在分词短语作状语教材原句I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.悟拓展例句(1)(2018全国卷书面表达)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00.这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00。(2)(2017天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人得到治疗。(3)Class being over, the children went home.一放学，孩子们就回家了。(4)The work done,_we went home.工作完成后，我们就回家了。析用法规则用法归纳(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，可相当于一个状语从句。如：Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. As/Because she found the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. (2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)，完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语不和句子主语一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。注意事项(1)现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。(2)是用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次就是分清楚其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。背写作佳句(1)(2018北京高考书面表达)Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in charming tea culture.(要点句)(2)(2018天津高考书面表达)Knowing you have just won first place in the Robotics Competition, I would like to invite you to join us.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空in other words， out of breath， adapt to， cut out， all in all， as well as， in many ways， make fun of， never mind， meet with 1Im sorry for keeping you waiting.Never_mind.I have been here only a few minutes.2Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in_other_words,_you failed.3Jim likes being praised by others, but dislikes being made_fun_of.4Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in_many_ways.5Most students have a little difficulty in adapting_to the social life after graduating from university.6When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out_of_breath.7You can cut_out the unimportant details when reading through the article.8Not until he met_with the difficulty did he realize the importance of team work.9All_in_all,_traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.10It is a great honor as_well_as a pleasure for me to be praised by the teacher publicly before my classmates.根据提示补全句子1说实在地，他很固执，你说服不了他和我们一起去。(too . to .)To be honest, he_is_too_stubborn_for_you_to_persuade him to go with us.2我永远无法停止对阅读的热爱，因为书就像我生活中的良师益友一样。(as well as)I can never stop the love for reading because books are like good friends as well as wise teachers in my life.3聚在篝火(bonfire)周围，游客们和当地人一起跳舞。(现在分词作状语)Gathering_around_the_bonfire,_ the tourists danced with the local people.4网上购物相当方便，而且还可以买到各种廉价商品。(Itbeadj.to do)It_is_quite_convenient_to_shop_online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.5尽管有残疾，杰克和其他人一样过着正常的生活。(as . as .)In spite of disability, Jack can live_as_normal_a_life_as everybody else.应用文分步写作假定你是李华，你市将建一个大型图书馆，考虑到残疾人的需要，请你写一封信给负责该项目的总建筑师，提出一些合理化建议。要点如下：1入口处应建设残疾人专用坡道(ramp)。2阅览室应尽量设在一楼。3书架高度的设计应考虑到坐轮椅的残疾人。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：文体：建议信人称：主要是第一和第二人称时态：一般现在时和一般将来时2本文可从以下三个方面拟点：开头点出写信目的(听说对方要设计新的图书馆，写信提出自己的建议)。中间部分是文章的重点，具体陈述建议，可从在图书馆入口处设置残疾人专用坡道；把阅览室设在一楼；对书架高度的建议三个要点来构思。该部分要点表达要力求准确，灵活且不得遗漏。结尾表达自己的期望(希望建议实用且有益)。要点1：我听说您要成为我们城市新的大型图书馆的总建筑师。I_have_heard_that_you_are_to_be_the_chief_architect_for_the_new_big_library_in_our_city.要点1：我想提出几条建议。I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.要点2：我建议应该在图书馆的入口处设置专门的轮椅坡道。I_suggest_a_special ramp_for_wheelchairs be_designed_at_the_entrance to_the_library.要点2：阅览室应该设在一楼。Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor.要点2：希望书架不能太高，不然坐在轮椅上的人够不着。(too .to .)Book_shelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.要点3：我希望您会发现这些建议实用又有益。I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对相关要点进行适度升级拓展。如：要点1补充现在分词作状语，用“考虑到残疾人的需要”来表达对残疾人的关怀。拓展要点1：考虑到残疾人的需要，我想提出几条建议。(现在分词作状语)Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.第三步：连句成文，排语句
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