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个人情况.单词拼写1.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported，the entire small-business community benefits(受益).(2018江苏)2.This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure(财宝) Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.(2017全国) 3.Are you just looking for a place to relax(放松) after a long day？(2018全国)4.My hobbies(爱好) are reading，listening and watching birds.5.Dance expresses love and hate，joy(快乐) and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between.(2018全国)6.Tom is looking for another job，because he feels that nothing he does satisfies(使满意) his boss.7.On the Internet，people can seek information about their favourite(最喜爱的) stars.(2017江苏)8.Some of us were confident and eager(渴望的) to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.(2018全国)9.Of the two ways of sharing books，the latter wins my favour(喜爱).10.Its funny(奇怪的) how things never happen the way you expect them to.单句语法填空1.The extensive collection(collect) consists of masterworks in sculpture，colored glass，and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.(2018江苏)2.But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable(comfort).(2018全国)3.Foreign visitors are required to be in possession of a passport.4.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable(value) part of your neighborhood.(2018浙江)5.Koalas are such a great attraction(attract) for visitors that many zoos are trying to include them among their species.6. Friendship is a personal relationship that has a variety(various) of social benefits.7.Curiosity(curious) got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon.(2018天津)8.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping(camp)？(2018全国)9.He did not compromise easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy(worth) cause.(2016江苏)10.The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable(enjoy) time for all of us.(2018北京).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Can you do me favour and tell Kelly Im here?2.It is worth visiting the art museum.3.Out of the curiosity，Brown spent hours at the local library searching for information on the pilot.4.If we fail to do ，we will live to regret it.5.Jenny said that playing basketball is her sport.选词填空1.The children were fond of the US presidents daughters.2.I am interested in the relationship between humans and nature.3.John thinks it wont be long before he is ready to take up the new job.4.I am fed up with this dank(阴湿的) weather.Its time that we had some sunshine.5.What appeals to us most is Leonardo da Vinci, who was not only a painter, but also took up professions as a musician and an architect.6.He is keen on visiting his birthplace again.同义词语替换1.Sports can be very valuable，especially to people who use their brains most of the day.of great value2.She is mad about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.is crazy about3.Sport has become an important form of entertainment，interesting both men and women.appealing to4.Employers naturally prefer candidates with some previous experience of the job.favour5.Reading fairy tales didnt engage his interest for long.attract (1)attract ones attention吸引某人的注意attract.to.把吸引到(2)attraction n.吸引，吸引力；有吸引力的事物或人have no attraction for sb. 对某人没有吸引力(3)attractive adj.有吸引力的；引人注意的(1)The government is trying to attract industry to the area.(2)Dalian is so attractive(attract) a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.(3)Most tourist attractions(attract) in China are littered，the worst of which is this lake.(4)Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention(引起了很大关注). benefit v.有益于；有助于；受益n.好处；利益；成效(1)benefit sb. /sth. 对某人/物有益benefit from/by从中受益(2)be of benefit to对有益for ones benefitfor the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益(3) beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial to对有益一句多译新规定对所有学生都有好处。(1)The new regulation will be of benefit to all the students.(be of benefit)(2)The new regulation will be beneficial to all the students.(beneficial)(3)All the students will benefit from the new regulation.(benefit from)(4)The new regulation will benefit all the students.(benefit vt.)易错点拨benefit作为及物动词，其宾语总是“受益者”，而不能是所受的“益处”。要表示“受益于某事(物)”，英语习惯上用benefit by/from sth. 。 (1)collect money (for)(为)募捐(2)collection n.收集；聚集；收藏品；募捐a collection of一批收藏的；许多的(3)collector n.收藏家；采集者collective adj.集体的；共同的 n.集体；团体；全体人员(1)Material collecting(collect) took us a whole week，during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.(2017北京)材料收集花了我们整整一个星期的时间，在此期间，我们采访了老师们并拍摄了学校生活的方方面面。(2)I tried to collect my thoughts but I was too excited.我想镇定下来，但是我太激动了。(3)He is collecting money for famine relief.他正在为赈济饥民募捐。(4)There is a collection of dust in an unused room.空着不用的房间积起了大量灰尘。易混辨析collect，gather表示“搜集”“聚集”，二者有时可互换。gather通常只表示把分散的人或物聚拢在一起，而collect则指有计划、有条理地为了某一目的而进行的较为精心的搜集，例如：He collects stamps.中的collects不可用gathers代替。 (1)in comfort(comfortably)舒服地take comfort from从中得到安慰(2)comfortable adj.舒适的，安逸的comfortably adv.舒服地(1)But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable(comfort) with the technology.(2018北京)(2)This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea comfortably(comfort) while nibbling(小口吃) on nice sandwiches，scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes.(2019宁夏银川一中模拟)(3)They enjoy better health owing to recent advances in medicine and in public health care.They also enjoy all the comforts(comfort) of modern life.(4)同义句改写The old man is living comfortably.The old man is living in comfort.易错点拨(1)comfort意为“安逸，舒适”时，为不可数名词；意为“给予援助或安慰的人或事”时，为可数名词。类似的词还有surprise，success，failure，pleasure等。(2)comfortable既可表示“感到舒服的”，也可表示“令人舒服的”，但不表示“安慰的”，所以“他的话让我颇感安慰”不宜译为：What he said made me very comfortable.可译为：What he said gave me great comfort.。 be eager to do.渴望做be eager for sth. 急于得到be eager for sb. to do.希望某人做be eager that.热切地希望从句常用 “(should) do”(1)Both stressed their eagerness(eager) to hear from readers and listeners on social networks.(2019福建莆田九中模拟)(2)Angie and the other girls were eager to see(see) what kind of wild jump Janie would attempt.(2019黑龙江鹤岗一中模拟)(3)同义句改写We are eager for him to help us.We are eager that he (should) help us.易错点拨(1)eager后面习惯不接for doing sth. ，可接to do sth. 。(2)too eager to do.急于做，而非“太着急而不能做”。如：They are too eager to show off their beautiful garden.他们急于炫耀他们漂亮的花园。联想发散表达“急切/盼望(做)”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do.，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do.，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do.等。 (1)have fun玩得开心；作乐，玩乐have fun (in) doing sth. There is fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣for/in fun开玩笑地，不是认真地What fun it is.！多么有趣！make fun of嘲笑；取笑(2)funny adj.滑稽的；可笑的(1)What fun it is to jump into the river for a swim in summer!(2)Im not saying it for/in fun.(3)Have fun picking(pick) a motto and theme song for your life.(4)The article made fun of various people and things in Boston.(5)I had great fun playing(play) cards with them.易错点拨fun无论作何种意义讲，都是不可数名词，以下例子中fun虽用作表语，但仍为名词，而非形容词，故可用great，much，a lot of 等形容词修饰，而不可用very修饰。如：Why dont you come with us? Itll be great fun.。 relaxed adj.轻松的；松懈的；宽松的relaxing adj.使人放松的relaxation n.放松，休息；娱乐活动根据语境用relax的正确形式填空(1)Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.(2)Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.(2018全国)(3)Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work，but it also promoted the friendship among us.易错点拨汉语可说“自我放松”“使自己放松”，但英语中的relax习惯上不接反身代词作宾语。 (1)satisfy/meet ones needs/demands满足某人的需要/要求(2)satisfied adj.(感到)满意的be satisfied to do./with.对(做)感到满意(3)satisfying adj.令人满意的(4)satisfaction n.满意in/with satisfaction满意地to ones satisfaction使某人满意的是(1)The story had a satisfying(satisfy) ending.(2)She finished her meal and gave a satisfied(satisfy) smile.(3)She looked at the finished painting with/in satisfaction(满意地).(4)同义句改写I was satisfied with what he had done for me.What he had done for me satisfied me. value n.价值；重要性v.估价；重视(1)be of value(be valuable)有价值的be good/bad value for money钱花得值/不值value.at.估价为(2)valuable adj.贵重的，有价值的；很有用的invaluable adj.无价的；非常宝贵的(priceless)valueless adj.无价值的；没有用的(1)He valued the house for me at $50,000.(2)Experts say its a(n) invaluable(value) social practice that results in big benefits.(2018全国)(3)This car is good value for money(钱花得值).(4)同义句改写The ways to learn English are very valuable to us students.The ways to learn English are of great value to us students. (1)a variety ofvarieties of种种的；各种各样的(2)vary v.变化；改变vary from.to.由到不等vary with随变化vary in在方面变化(3)various adj.各种各样的；不同的(1)The variety of his books is(be) astonishing.(2)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various(vary).(2018北京)(3)Opinions on this matter vary from person to person (因人而异).(4)除了定期训练之外，我们的团队还将参加各种活动。(2017全国)Our team，apart from regular training，will join in a variety of activities.易错点拨a variety of名词，作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；the variety of复数名词，意为“的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (1)worth常用的结构：be worthn.值得；值的be worth doing sth. 值得做某事(2)worthy常用的结构：be worthy(3)worthwhile常用的结构：Its worthwhile做某事是值得的。一句多译这家工厂值得参观。(1)The factory is worth visiting/a visit.(worth)(2)The factory is worthy of a visit.(worthy ofn.)(3)The factory is worthy of being visited.(worthy of being done)(4)The factory is worthy to be visited.(worthy to be done)(5)Its worthwhile visiting/to visit the factory.(worthwhile) (1)be possessed of具有(某种品质或能力)(2)possession n.拥有；(pl.)财产；所有物be in possession of拥有(主语为人)be in the possession of sb. be in ones possession某物被某人拥有come into ones possession为某人所拥有take/come into possession of拥有(1)As the old saying goes，“A true friend is the best possession(possess).”单句改错(2)With the development of peoples living conditions，more and more people possess of their own cars.一句多译(3)他拥有那家公司。He is in possession of the company.(in possession of)The company is in the possession of him/in his possession.(用the company作主语)He takes possession of the company.(用he作主语并用possession短语) feed on以为食feed.on.用喂feed.with.供给，提供feed食物to.用某物喂养(1)Owls feed on mice and other small animals.(2)Please feed some grass to the cow.句式升级(3)She is fed up with his lies，so she wont believe in him any longer.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Fed up with his lies，she wont believe in him any longer. 图解助记联想发散其他表示“受够了，厌烦”的短语：be bored with，be tired of，be sick of。 be keen on (doing) sth. 热衷于；喜欢be keen to do/on doing.热衷于做；很想做be keen that.(should) do.希望(1)Most students are keen on sports.(2)He is keen to pass(pass) the examination.(3)He is keen that she (should) come(come) to see him.易错点拨be keen后跟从句时，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即(should) do。联想发散表示“渴望”的短语还有：long for，long to do，be hungry for，be thirsty for，desire to do，be eager to，be anxious to等。 (1)appeal to sb. for/to do.向某人呼吁/恳求某人做appeal to sb. 吸引某人；投某人所好(2)appeal n.呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉 v.有感染力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁/恳求make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事(3)appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的(1)In winter，Beijing offers the citys fun-seekers many appealing(appeal) options，from royal gardens to winter resorts.(2018皖南八校模拟)(2)We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.(3)He appealed to/made an appeal to(呼吁) other leaders to donate for the cause. take in收留；吸收；欺骗；领会take on雇用；呈现；承担take over接任；接替take off脱掉；起飞；成功take down写下；拆除写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思(1)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 开始从事(2)This chapter takes up where the last one left off.继续(3)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用(4)Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受It has become such an important part in my life that I can hardly imagine what life would be like without music.音乐已成为我生命中重要的一部分。真的很难想象，如果没有音乐(我的)生活将会怎样。so/such.that.引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。(1)such.that.句型的常见形式：sucha/anadj.n.that.suchadj.n.(复数或不可数)that.(2)so.that.句型的常见形式：soadj./adv.that.soadj.a/ann.that.somany/much/few/little(少)n.that.(3)当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。(1)They are such little boys and eat so little food that we all love them very much.句式升级(2)It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.(用such.that.改写)So cold a day was it that there was nobody in the street.(用倒装改写)Never for a moment can I stop my love for reading because books are wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.我对阅读的热爱一刻也不能停止，因为在我的生活中书是良师益友。否定词置于句首，要用部分倒装语序，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。这类否定词或含有否定意义的短语主要有：no，not，never，little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，not until，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，no sooner.than.，hardly.when.，in no sense，in no way，in no case，by no means，on no account，at no time，under no circumstances等。同义句改写将下列句子改为倒装句(1)I have never seen such a moving film.Never have I seen such a moving film.(2)I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.一句多译(3)直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.They didnt encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas until recently.It was not until recently that they encouraged the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.易错点拨(1)当not until位于句首时，not until所在的从句不倒装，主句要用倒装语序。(2)not only.but also.连接两个并列句且not only位于句首时，not only后的句子倒装，but also后的句子不倒装。(3)neither.nor.连接并列的句子时，(因neither/nor都是否定意义的词)前后两句都用倒装语序。The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story in the film.原因是在电影中花更少的时间就能理解整个故事情节。It takes/took (sb. ) some time to do.花了(某人)多少时间做，表达“花费”的其他句型：(1)sb. spend.on/in doing sth. (2)sth. cost sb. .(3)sb. pay钱for sth. (4)sb. buy.for钱(1)It took me years to get back on my feet.我花了好几年才重新找到自己。根据语境用take，spend，cost，pay，buy的正确形式填空(2)I spent $120 on the books.(3)It takes the boy most of his free time to learn drawing.(4)She pays 200 a week for this apartment.(5)Good words cost nothing，but are worth much.(6)He bought the bag for ten dollars. Its strange that fishing isnt as easy to learn as it seems.很奇怪的是钓鱼不像看起来那样容易学。as.as.像一样；正如(1)结构特点：第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级。第二个as为连词，引导状语从句；也可是介词，其后加名词或代词。(2)否定式：not as/so.as.不如。(3)表达倍数关系时则为：倍数as.as.。(4)当as.as.中间有名词时，应采用如下形式：asadj.a/ann.as或asadj.n.(复数或不可数)as。(5)as.as one can/couldas.as possible尽可能。(1)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。(2)She has as sweet a voice as her mother.她的声音像她妈妈的一样甜美。(3)As we all know，Asia is four times as large as Europe.众所周知，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(2017浙江，B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone，” says Dr Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago，schools in Edina，Minnesota，changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am.Students，parents and teachers are pleased with the results.25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段列举的一系列数字可知，国家睡眠基金会对一定年龄段孩子的睡眠习惯进行了调查，这也呼应了本段第一句“Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”，故选A项。26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours. B.8 hours.C.10 hours. D.18 hours.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句“For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).”可知选C项。27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone.”以及第二句中的“.these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知，孩子们在睡觉前看电视、写作业、上网或打电话都容易让他们产生兴奋感而不愿意睡觉，故选B项。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知本文是一篇说明文。文章指出了美国孩子睡眠缺乏的问题，列举了不同年龄段的孩子所需的睡眠时间、青少年晚睡的原因以及学校为解决青少年的睡眠问题所采取的措施。文章的脉络如下：.微观排障长难句分析According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.句式分析：该句中According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation 是状语；aged 10 to 18是过去分词短语作定语；even though引导一个让步状语从句。翻译：根据国家睡眠基金会的一项新的调查，51%的10到18周岁的孩子在上学期间晚上10点或更晚上床休息，尽管他们还得早起。.词汇积累1.a bad habit坏习惯2.fall asleep睡着3.depend a lot on很大程度上取决于4.stay awake保持清醒5.calm down平静下来6.hormone n.荷尔蒙7.characteristic n.特点，特征定位法巧解事实细节题本文的三道题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接关联，从阅读材料中可以直接找到答案。这种题难度较低，只要学生读懂文章就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后与选项进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后通过分析和推理等方法找出正确答案。以本文26题为例，我们根据题干中“How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day”(11岁的孩子每天需要多少小时的睡眠时间)直接定位到第二段第四句“For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).”，由此可知大部分学龄儿童的理想睡眠时间是10个小时，11岁的孩子属于这个阶段，故选择C项。(2018全国)假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：(1)到达时间；(2)合适的礼物；(3)餐桌礼仪。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇第一步明确要求本文是一篇书信类应用文写作，要求根据提示回复邮件。本文是篇给材料作文，写作要求和写作目的比较明确，时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，人称以第一、二人称为主。考生不要根据材料逐词逐句翻译，要适当增加细节，并注意句子的衔接以提高文章档次。第二步确定段落写这篇文章时，可分三段来写：第一段：得知Terry要访问中国，并对中国的习俗感到困惑，准备回复；第二段：具体介绍一些中国的餐桌礼仪和习俗；第三段：表达愿望。第三步提炼要点1.正要，刚要be about to2.访问pay a visit to/visit3.对感到困惑be confused about4.告知某人某事inform sb. of sth. 5.中国传统文化Chinese traditional culture6.纪念品souvenir7.注意pay attention to/take notice of8.筷子chopstick第四步句式升级
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