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个人情况.单词拼写 1.But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure(冒险) again.(2018天津)2.The industry has also taken aim(目标) at the product that has appeared as its replacement.(2018浙江)3.The proposal attempts(尝试) to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles.(2017天津)4.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid(避免) ever climbing at all.(2018天津)5.If you are a student studying the arts，chances(机会) are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.(2018江苏)6.It is well worth making an effort(努力) to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.7.I thought of my headteacher one day, who always encouraged(鼓励) us not to lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were in trouble.8.In view of his educational background and experience(经历), no one doubts his suitability as a leader.9.It found many youngsters now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online，often through “likes”.(2018江苏)10.Though he had tried to overcome(战胜) his shyness, he didnt make it in the end.11.For this purpose(目的)，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.(2018全国)12.Moth，meanwhile，after an initial struggle(挣扎)，found his symptoms were strangely reduced by their daily tiring journey.(2018江苏).单句语法填空1.What I saw was completely(complete) unlike anything I had experienced in the past.This newness just left me wanting more.(2017全国)2.J.K.Rowling donates 30 million to help the disadvantaged(disadvantage) children.3.Children became increasingly anxious(anxiety) about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.4.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving，but eventually he gave in as she was so confident(confidence) about her skills.5.He was disabled from birth，but he never felt frustrated.Nor did he give in to any difficulty(difficult).6.A quick review of successes and failures(fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.(2017江苏)7.For this courier job，youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially(potential) going to save somebodys life.(2016全国)8.Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding(reward) parts of our lives.(2016四川)9.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition(ambitious)，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.(2018浙江)10.A successful(success) arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应) throughout a community.(2018江苏).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.My aim is to the world of literature and the world of great writers to cultivate my mind.2.The boys made attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.3.The two lost boys happened to come into a cave where they discovered some very valuable pre-historical rock paintings by the chance.4.All the noise makes it hard for me to fully concentrate the book Im trying to read.5.Thanks to the support of her friends and relatives，her dream of establishing a shelter for the disadvantaged has been come true.6.Driverless cars may end up a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.(2017天津).选词填空1.Children should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what they are expected.2.This generous love，encourages people all around the world to fight for the well-being of all people fearlessly.3.You will never know what she went through to educate her children.4.It was my English teacher who encouraged me not to lose heart when I was faced with difficulties in my English learning.5.To make progress at a reasonable rate，youll need to commit at least an hour a day to practice the piano.6.If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018全国)7.With so many reference books on this romantic poet for me to choose from，I cant make up my mind which to choose.8.Receiving a good education is rather costly but it should pay off in the long run.9.China is taking pains to ensure the action taken to protect the environment effectively. 10.New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.同义词语替换1.Travel not only gives me the opportunity to understand the world，but also brings me to achieve the dream of exploring different scenery.realize2.Difficult as the task was，he still stuck to it and took pains to complete it.made every effort3.Surprisingly，there is little evidence to back up this opinion that keeping a vegetarian diet can benefit the health and fight against heart disease.support4.I find it hard to concentrate on my studies with some people having small talks around me.focus on5.They will start a campaign to encourage awareness of environmental issues.promote (1)achieve ones aims/goals达到目标achieve success获得成功(2)achievement n.成就；功业；完成；达到a sense of achievement成就感make great achievements取得巨大的成功(1)Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a real sense of achievement(成就感).(2)He was offering a way for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams(实现我们的梦想).(2016江苏)(3)In the last few years，China has made great achievements(取得了巨大成就) in environmental protection.易错点拨achievement作“完成，达到”解时为不可数名词；作“成就，功绩”解时是可数名词。 (1)attempt to do.尝试(试图)做(2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing.尝试做at the first attempt第一次尝试(3)attempted adj.未遂的(1)In an attempt to encourage the students to do some reading and provide the students with more good books，our school is planning to hold the Reading Festival in the library next Friday.(2)Police say theyre treating it as a case of attempted(attempt) murder.(3)I passed my driving test at the first attempt(第一次尝试). (4)同义句改写They attempted to climb (climb) that hill.They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hill. (1)avoid doing.避免做(2)avoidable adj.可避免的(1)Deaths caused by careless driving are avoidable (avoid).(2)CCTV says that a storm will hit our city.In order to avoid being caught(catch)，we must take our raincoat with us.(3)单句改错She avoids on dark streets at night.易错点拨(1)avoid后接动词时要用动名词，不接不定式，且后不接that从句。(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”，如果表示“企图避免”，应用try to avoid。challenge n.挑战；难题；质疑vt.挑战；怀疑(1)meet/face/issue a challenge应对/面临/发起挑战(2)challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事(3)challenging adj.有挑战性的；有吸引力的challenged adj.受到挑战的(1)She gave him a challenging (challenge) look. “Are you really sure？” she demanded.(2)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call(call) an election.(3)I challenged him to a game of tennis.熟词生义选择句子中challenge的汉语意思(4)I did not think he was right，so I challenged him. A A.质疑B.驳斥C.挑战cost v.使付费；价钱为；使损失n.价格；费用；代价(1)at the cost of以为代价at a cost of以的费用/价格at any cost(at all costs) 以任何代价，不惜一切代价(2)cost sb. sth. 使某人失去(1)We must at all costs/at any cost prevent them from finding out about the plan.我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。(2)He saved his daughter from the fire，but only at the cost of his own life.他从大火中救出了他的女儿，但却牺牲了自己的生命。(3)He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars.他花500美元买下了这架钢琴。(4)One mistake cost him his job.一个错误让他丢了工作。desire n.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物vt.希望得到；想要(1)have a strong desire(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事desire that.(should) do.渴望(3)desirable adj.理想的；值得拥有的；可取的(1)He desired to bring(bring) back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country.(2)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.(3)一句多译他母亲希望他成为一名老师。His mother desired him to be/become a teacher.His mother desired that he (should) be/become a teacher. 易错点拨desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。 (1)devote.to.把致力于，专心于devote oneself to献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的be devoted to致力于；献身于；热爱(3)devotion n.奉献；关照；忠诚(1)Most children long for and need a loving，devoted(devote) and responsible father.(2018黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)(2)Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society.句式升级(3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保修单(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事guarantee to do sth. /that.保证做某事；确保be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会；必定会(2)under guarantee在保修期内give sb. a guarantee that.向某人担保/保证(1)I guarantee to pay(pay) off his debts.(2)The car is less than a year old，so it is still under guarantee.(3)一句多译我们保证在一周内将货物送到。We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；简单句)We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.；复合句)We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n.) insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事insist that.坚持认为；坚决要求(1)The doctor insisted that she was(be) seriously ill and that she (should) be operated(operate) on immediately.(2)一句多译他坚持要我同他一起去。He insisted that I (should) go with him.He insisted on me/my going with him.He insisted on it that I (should) go with him.易错点拨(1)insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气；表示“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do”。(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接动名词，遇此情况要用insist on/upon。insist后也不接带不定式的复合结构。 (1)manage to do设法做manage it能做到manage sth. 经营/管理(2)succeed in doing.成功地做成了try to do.努力做(不一定成功)(1)Later，engineers managed to construct(construct) railways in a system of deep tunnels，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国)(2)The box is heavy，but I can manage it(拿得动). (1)prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事prove (to be)n./adj.证明是；结果是(prove为系动词)provethat/wh- 从句证明It is proved that.经证明(2)proof n.证明；证据同义句改写(1)The report proves its truth.The report proves it to be true.The report proves that it is true.句式升级(2)This method is proved to be more efficient.(用it作形式主语改写)It is proved that this method is more efficient.易错点拨prove用作不及物动词，具有连系动词的性质，其后可接名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式(主要是to be，且to be可省略)等。 (1)reflect.in在中映出的影像be reflected in倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon反省/思考某事(2)reflection n.C映像；反映；U反射；思考，考虑be lost in reflection陷入深思中on reflection再三考虑(1)She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the water.(2)The likely reactions of the market need to be reflected on (upon)/reflecting on (upon)(思考) before we act.(3)一句多译你对服饰的选择反映了你的性格特点。Your choice of clothes reflects your personality.(reflect v.)Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your personality.(reflection n.)reward v.酬谢；奖励，奖赏n.奖金；回报；报酬(1)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏/回报某人(2)in reward for为奖赏；为报答as a reward for作为对的奖赏/回报(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的(1)Last weekend, I fixed up a wooden flower shelf for my family when Dad was away on business, which was really a rewarding(reward) experience.(2)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016北京)学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。(3)Id like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness.我想做点什么来报答她的好意。risk vt.冒的危险n.危险；风险(1)risk sth. /doing sth. 冒着的危险(2)at risk处于危险之中at the risk of doing sth. 冒着的风险take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒着的危险(3)risky adj.危险的一句多译(1)他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。He was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire.He was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.He was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life.(2)同义句改写I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.I wondered if I was putting my life in danger. go over复习go out出去；熄灭go against违背；违反go up上涨；上升go ahead前进；干吧；说吧go without没有也可应付；将就写出下列句子中go through的汉语意思(1)He went through many difficulties, which didnt cast him down. 经历(2)Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.通过，穿过(3)It didnt take Albert very long to go through his money.用完(4)She went through the companys accounts，looking for evidence of fraud(欺诈).检查；审核 (1)owe sb. sth. owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把归功于某人owe it to sb. that./to do.把归功于某人(2)owing to由于(1)My English teacher is such a great soul，to whom I owe many thanks.(2)I owe it to him that I finished my work in time.(3)Owing to the bad weather(由于天气不好)，this mornings flight will be delayed. be/get stuck in陷入；困在中stick out伸出；探出；醒目，显眼stick by忠于；遵守；继续坚持stick up for支持；维护(1)All his life，he was stuck(stick) in his house taken care of by his mother.(2018黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模)(2)Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time，no matter the day.(2017全国)(3)Carefultheres a nail sticking out of(突出) that board. (1)before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；不久就；不等就”。(2)句型归纳：It wont be.before.用不了多长时间就会(before从句用一般现在时)It will be.before.得过多久才(before从句用一般现在时)It wasnt.before.没过多长时间就(before从句用一般过去时)It was.before.过了多长时间才(before从句用一般过去时)(1)The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.(2017全国)结果是人们在还没真正需要停止前就停止驾驶了。(2)It wasnt long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会了使用计算机。(3)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。Dont admit defeat until you really have to.不到万不得已就不要承认失败。(1)until引导时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not.until.结构。(2)在not.until.句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，句子用倒装语序。(3)not.until.句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until.that.。(1)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪初期他的音乐才能才完全被认可。(2)It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life until we have actually had that lesson.我们很难汲取生活中的经验教训，直到我们真正得到了这一教训。句式升级(3)I didnt pursue my career as an actress until I finished my studies.Not until I finished my studies did I pursue my career as an actress.(倒装句)It was not until I finished my studies that I pursued my career as an actress.(强调句)(2016江苏，D)Not so long ago，most people didnt know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results，and a few years later at Jamaicas Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly-Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaicas unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).“Where did she come from？” asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder.At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin，becoming world champion with a time of 10.73the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse，where she lived in a one-room apartment，sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse，one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a really violent and overpopulated place.Several of Shelly-Anns friends and family were caught up in the killings；one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived.Sometimes her family didnt have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes.Her mother Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first baby.Maximes early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track，and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didnt take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Anns victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above one of the worlds toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I have so much fire burning for my country，” Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world.As Muhammad Ali puts it，“Champions arent made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire，a dream，a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.65.Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann？A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stephen Francis.was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.”和“he sensed there was something trying to get out.”可知，Stephen Francis教练感受到了她的巨大潜力。66.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A.She would become a promising star.B.She badly needed to set higher goals.C.Her sprinting career would not last long.D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.”可判断出，短跑界认为她的短跑生涯不会持续很长时间。67.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A.Her success and lessons in her career.B.Her interest in Shelly-Anns quick profit.C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Maximes early.gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track.”可知，母亲Maxime希望女儿摆脱贫困，所以决定让女儿进行跑步训练当运动员。68.What can we infer from Shelly-Anns statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B.She was eager to do more for her country.C.She became an athletic star in her country
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