考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考前自测提分卷89(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The spelling of many Old English words has been （ ）in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.问题1选项A.preservedB.preemptedC.revisedD.improved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Preserve “保留，保护”；preempt “先占，取代”；revise“修订，校订”；improve “改善，提高”。句意：许多古英语中单词的拼写在现代语言中被保留了，尽管它们的发音有变化。选项A符合题意。2.单选题They did not realize that they had （ ）a crime by cutting down the tree.问题1选项A.performedB.undertakenC.madeD.committed【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。perform “履行”; undertake “从事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承诺”。句意：他们没有意识到砍树这件事情使他们犯罪了。选项D符合题意。3.单选题Many people dread going on foreign assignments 一 sometimes even before theyve gone on one. They hear stories about how exhausting and disorienting business travel can be. They worry about getting sick, getting lonely, or getting killed. Theyre afraid they wont be liked or that they wont succeed. But the fact is that for many people a foreign assignment can be the opportunity and thrill of a lifetime.The Wall Street Journal reports the story of John Aliberti, who had spent his career working to become a midlevel manager for Union Switch in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Aliberti seemed like an odd choice for an overseas assignment: He had no experience in international travel and business. But when he was chosen to represent the company as technical expert and representative in China, Aliberti responded with enthusiasm: “Back home, the work we do, its been done for decades. In China youre breaking new ground. Its a milestone in the history of the world. ”By viewing his China assignment as an exciting adventure, Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock. According to the Wall Street Journal, “The crowds and chaotic lines dont faze him. He becomes animated telling stories of long train trips to out-of-the-way cities like Nanchang, where Union Switch is helping to build a railroad yard.”Alibertis enthusiastic attitude and his active interest in learning about the culture and business practices in China have helped him become a central figure in his companys China operations. His job in Pittsburgh is two rungs below vice president. In China, according to his boss, “He acts like a president or CEO. Thats got to turn him on. ”1.John Aliberti seemed Hke an odd choice for overseas assignment because（ ）.2.“Aliberti largely bypassed the negative effects of culture shock.” “Bypass”（Para. 3） means3.The following statements are correct about John Aliberti except（ ）.4.The story of John Aliberti tells us that （ ）.问题1选项A.he is the most experienced member of the companyB.he has been to China many timesC.has been promoted to the top-level position of the companyD.he has little experience in traveling abroad问题2选项A.ignoreB.pass awayC.avoidD.shortcut问题3选项A.he is good at selling his experience of traveling in ChinaB.he is troubled by the crowds and confused transportation in ChinaC.he is excited about traveling around ChinaD.he is breaking new ground for his company问题4选项A.culture shock is easy to deal withB.many people dread going on businessC.the transportation of China is confused to foreignersD.you can deal with culture shock well with an active interest in learning about the culture【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句。选项D符合题意。2.词汇推断题。根据第三段第一句，句意：阿利伯蒂把他在中国的任务看作是一次激动人心的冒险，在很大程度上避开了文化冲击的负面影响。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句，他想在中国开拓一个新的领域，这是一个里程碑。但是B选项提及了他的负面情绪，与文章不符。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。文章主要是选取了Aliberti 的例子说明了在国外工作和生活也是有趣的，应该积极地去享受。所以鼓励大家去感受这样的文化冲击。选项D符合题意。4.单选题Do you think that all human beings have a u comfort zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This manner of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, and how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator；in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy ； they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story； they put an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection； they readily take someones arm to help him cross a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.Do you think that all human beings have a u comfort zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This manner of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, and how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator；in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy ； they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story； they put an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection； they readily take someones arm to help him cross a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.1.In terms of bodily distance, North Americans（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchmen（ ）.3.An American puts his hand on another mans shoulder（ ）.4.The passage mainly concerns（ ）.问题1选项A.are similar to South AmericansB.stand farthest apartC.feel ill at ease when too closeD.move nearer during conversations问题2选项A.would behave in the same way as an American wouldB.would make no particular effort to distance himselfC.would be afraid of bodily contactD.would do his best to leave问题3选项A.to show apathyB.to show passionC.to show friendlinessD.to disguise his feeling问题4选项A.distance and contactB.body languageC.cultural differences between the East and the WestD.hand signals【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.信息推断题。文章第二段中提到当美国人会觉得太尴尬如果彼此之间距离太近，“find this awkward”，选项feel ill at ease意为感到不自在，最符合题意。2.信息推断题。文中第三段最后一句提到，美国人在拥挤的电梯也会保持距离，但是在巴黎，人们不会刻意地这样做。选项B符合题意。3.信息推断题。文章最后一段提到“put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder”，将手搭在别人肩膀上以表示安慰，让别人感受温暖之情。Friendliness最符合语境。选项C符合题意。4.主旨思想题。对整体文意的理解。本文主要提到了不同文化地域中，人们对于距离感的认知区别。选项C符合题意。5.单选题Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure（ ）.问题1选项A.than more on efficiencyB.and more efficiencyC.and more on efficiencyD.than efficiency【答案】C【解析】考查语法。题目中emphasis和efficiency处于构成并列的关系。句意：一些公司采用了弹性工作时间，更少地强调压力，更多地强调效率。实际上为“more emphasis on efficiency”，选项C运用了省略的结构，选项C符合题意。6.单选题Ill go to the airport tomorrow morning to （ ） a good friend who leaves for Australia.问题1选项A.see offB.send offC.turn offD.say departure【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。see off“送别，送行”；send off“发送，派遣”；turn off“关掉，拐弯”；say departure“说离开”。句意：明天早上我将去机场，跟我即将去往澳大利亚的朋友送别。选项A符合题意。7.单选题He brought an entirely new level of style and sophistication to jazz music. Although a gifted piano player, Duke Ellington used the orchestra as his principal instrument. He considered himself a composer and arranger rather than just a musician, like Jelly Roll Morton before him.It was in 1917 when Duke began playing music professionally in Washington, D. C. Stride piano players like James P Johnson and Willie “The Lion” Smith influenced his piano technique. Duke led a band called The Washingtonians, which played at The Hollywood Club in Manhattan (the club was later renamed as the Kentucky Club). This band acquired a style all its own when trumpet player Bubber Miley joined it, bringing with him his unique plunger-mute style of playing. Called the “ Jungle Sound，” this sound came to be largely responsible for Ellington s early success. A good example of this style of playing is the song East St. Louis Toodle-Oo. In 1924，the group recorded their first album, Choo Choo ( Gotta Hurry Home and Rainy Nights ( Rainy Days) ) . However, the band didnt hit the big time until after Irving Mills became their manager and publisher in 1926. In 1927, the band re-recorded versions of East St. Louis Toodle-Oo, then debuted two songs that would be associated with Duke for the rest of his career, Black and Tan Fantasy and Creole Love Call.Ellingtons Orchestra, unlike many of its contemporaries, was able to make the transition from 1920s hot jazz to 1930s swing music. One song it played, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), even came to define the era. What kept the Ellington Orchestra a major force in jazz was this very ability to adapt and grow with the times.The fame and influence of Ellington continued to grow throughout the 40s and 50s. His band continued to come up with jazz standards like Take the A Train, Perdido, the 4 C Jam Blues, and Satin Doll Duke wrote several religious pieces in the 1960s. He also composed The Far East Suite, then also collaborated with a highly diverse group of jazz musicians, among them Charles Mingus and Max Roach with whom he played a trio.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.According to the passage, Duke Ellington worked as all of the following EXCEPT as a（ ）.3.Which of the following statements would the author of this passage most probably agree with?4.All of the following statements about Duke Ellington are true EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.the life of Duke EllingtonB.the shift from jazz to swing musicC.the music of Duke EllingtonD.the development of jazz music问题2选项A.band leaderB.singerC.band managerD.composer问题3选项A.Duke Ellingtons resistance to change caused the collapse of his musical career.B.Duke Ellington did most of his jazz compositions in collaboration with others.C.Duke Ellingtons classical compositions are his greatest contribution to music.D.Duke Ellingtons sophisticated musical style greatly influenced the jazz genre.问题4选项A.He trained several bands to perform his jazz music.B.He had always performed with his own band.C.He was a major influence in jazz music.D.He composed many songs that defined a certain period.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。文章一开始讲到了Duke Ellington给爵士乐带来了一种新的风格，后面介绍了他给乐队发展带来的影响，以及在音乐方面的创作。由此可知，文章主要话题是艾灵顿公爵的音乐。选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“the band didnt hit the big time until after Irving Mills became their manager and publisher in 1926.”是欧文.米尔斯成为了经理，而不是艾灵顿。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，可看出艾灵顿让爵士乐的风格和复杂性有了一个新的高度，而且产生了持久的影响力。选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“He also composed The Far East Suite, then also collaborated with a highly diverse group of jazz musicians,”，艾灵顿并不只是和自己的乐队一起表演，还和其他爵士音乐人一起合作，选项B符合题意。8.单选题The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a（ ）visit to theirs.问题1选项A.bilateralB.reciprocalC.considerateD.rewarding【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。Bilateral“双边的、双方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相应的”，considerate “体贴的，考虑周到的”，rewarding “有益的”。句意：11月份美国学生来我校参观，我们也要参观他们的学校。选项A符合题意。9.单选题My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, （ ）I keep to this day.问题1选项A.and thusB.andC.soD.and which【答案】D【解析】考查语法。题目中有两个非限制性定语从句，第一个由which引导，先行词在定语从句中做主语，第二个也需用关系代词which，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，所以也不能省略，选项D符合题意。10.单选题James is quite （ ） with the customs and languages of the people in that part of the country.问题1选项A.knowledgeableB.commonC.awareD.familiar【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeable “博学的”;common “普遍的”;aware “意识到的”;familiar “熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。