考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷13（附带答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Radio stations are proliferating over the Internet, so more and more Americans can listen to hometown stationseven if they live in Nome or In Miami.问题1选项A.roamingB.transmittingC.increasingD.broadcasting【答案】C【解析】句意：无线电台在互联网上激增，因此越来越多的美国人可以收听家乡电台的节目即使他们住在诺姆或迈阿密。proliferating意为“激增，大量生存产”。roaming漫步，闲逛；transmitting传送，传递；increasing增加，增大；broadcasting广播。选项C与之意思相近。2.单选题“Better late than never” is a （ ）that is very familiar to most English speakers.问题1选项A.plauditB.plenaryC.plentyD.platitude【答案】D【解析】plaudit 喝彩，赞美；plenary全体会议；plenty大量，充足；platitude 陈词滥调。句意：“迟做总比不做好”是大多数说英语的人都很熟悉的陈词滥调。选项D符合句意。3.单选题Every Sunday evening there is a （ ）of people around the pavilion in the park since it has become a regular site for an English corner.问题1选项A.congruenceB.congratulationC.congressD.congregation【答案】D【解析】congruence 适合，一致；congratulation祝贺，贺辞；congress 代表大会；congregation 集会，集合。句意：自从这里成为英语角的固定场所后，每个星期天的晚上都会有很多人聚集在公园的亭子周围。选项D符合句意。4.单选题In school examinations certain subjects are optional.问题1选项A.not difficultB.not necessaryC.not to be chosenD.not compulsory【答案】D【解析】optional意为“可选择的，随意的”。not compulsory非强制的，选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。5.翻译题大学之所以有理由存在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保持了知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。【答案】The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.6.单选题People with a great deal of （ ）often have admiring friends and bitter enemies.问题1选项A.qualityB.appearanceC.personalityD.characters【答案】C【解析】a great deal of后面接不可数名词，首先排除选项D；再根据句意可知，选项C更符合语境。句意：很有个性的人往往有仰慕他的朋友和充满仇恨的敌人。7.单选题The most prominent characteristics of handwriting are undoubtedly letter formation and slant.问题1选项A.presumablyB.in many casesC.surelyD.without bias【答案】C【解析】presumably 大概，推测起来，可假定；in many cases 在许多情况下；surely 当然，无疑；without bias 不 偏不倚。undoubtedly意为毫无疑问地，选项C与之意思最为相近。8.单选题I argued with Morton until the wee hours of the morning, but he remained （ ）in his refusal to finance the project.问题1选项A.subduedB.generousC.obstinateD.courteous【答案】C【解析】subdued减弱的，被制服的；generous 慷慨的，大方的；obstinate 顽固的，倔强的；courteous有礼貌的，谦恭的。句意：我和Morton争论到深夜，但他仍然固执地拒绝资助这个项目。选项C符合句意。9.翻译题Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. （1）Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.（2） You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person, who had died in an accident. （3）They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells are normally white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. （4）Dr. Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were not crossed.（5）Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Dr Duffy found large difference in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. He said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.【答案】（1）现在科学家们知道学习障碍有很多不同的种类，且还知道它们是由不同的事物引起的。（2）你不能仅凭看一眼孩子就能判断他或她是否有学习障碍。这种机能失调没有外在的标志。因此，一些研究人员开始观察大脑本身来了解什么地方可能出了问题。（3）他们发现了两种不同寻常的情况。一个与控制语言的大脑左半部的细胞有关。这些细胞在正常情况下是白色的。然而，有学习障碍的人这些细胞却是灰色的。（4）Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由大脑左半部分出现的问题引起的。他认为大脑的这一部分未能正常地发育。（5）其他研究人员没有检查脑组织。作为替代，他们测量了大脑的电活动，并就这些电信号绘制了一张图。10.单选题Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanitys unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets of tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus that species such as the Great White Shark have manage to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability changing environments. It is time for us human, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural environment.1.With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?2.How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?3.About how long sharks lived on the planet?4.What is the authors tone in this passage?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?问题1选项A.Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations.B.Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth.C.Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection.D.The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks.问题2选项A.They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.B.They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.C.They brought political pressure against tuna companies.D.They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.问题3选项A.25 million yearsB.150 million yearsC.350 million yearsD.500 million years问题4选项A.explanatoryB.accusatoryC.gentleD.proud问题5选项A.order of importanceB.cause and effectC.statement and exampleD.chronological order【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲我们只努力保护环境中美丽、无害的部分，而忽略了其他需要保护的东西，比如鲨鱼，使得其濒临灭绝。由此可知，鲨鱼说明了野生动物保护中的一个问题，选项C符合原文主旨。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“During the 1980s, . caught in driftnets.”在20世纪80年代，美国的环保主义者抗议在太平洋使用漂网捕捞金枪鱼，因为这些网也能捕获海豚。环保主义者施加了足够的政治和经济压力，阻止金枪鱼公司购买被漂网捕获的金枪鱼。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段“Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years.”鲨鱼是地球上最古老的生物之一，在海洋中生存了3.5亿年以上。选项C与原文表述一致。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者是在谴责人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，所以选项B正确。5.推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，第二段举例来证明这个观点，所以本文的结构是陈述加举例，选项C正确。