考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考前自测提分卷76(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The （ ）they felt for each other was obvious to everyone who saw them.问题1选项A.affectionB.adherenceC.sensibilityD.sensitivity【答案】A【解析】句意: 每个看到他们的人都能看出他们互相之间的喜爱之情。名词辨析。Affection喜爱,钟爱; adherence坚持，遵守; sensibility敏感; sensitivity体贴，体恤。故A符合句意。2.单选题The 352 kilometer-long Thames is the longest river in England. It is a little river compared the Nile, Amazon, or Mississippi. Yet, the Thames has been unique in shaping the history of England.When the Normans conquered England, there were only marshy banks along the Thames. Like the people who had been living along the river, they used the Thames as highway and built the city Londinium on its north bank.Today the Thames means different things to different people. It is, for example, a “sporting river” to rowers, but a working river for men of commerce. And painters and writers regard the Thames as a source of inspiration.While being a great benefit to London and Londoners, the Thames cap be a dangerous enemy. Chief among its dangers is flooding. To prevent the river from flooding, the worlds largest movable flood barrier was built in 1972. The barriers gates can stand eighteen meters above the rivers surface when a flood strikes.Right now large office buildings, skyscrapers and art and recreation complexes are rising to change the skyline of London. The Thames has never ceased to develop, and it will continue to play an important part in the life of Londoners.1.The author does not say that the Thames is a great benefit to （ ）.2.The Thames is（ ） the Nile, Amazon, or Mississippi .3.To prevent the Thames from flooding, the Londoners built（ ）.4.Which of the following statements supports the idea that the Thames is of great importance to the life of Londoners?5.Which of the following statements is not true?问题1选项A.rowersB.businessmenC.writersD.farmers问题2选项A.longer thanB.as long alC.shorter thanD.not shorter than问题3选项A.hydraulic machinesB.a movable flood barrierC.a steel gate between concrete piersD.a thick stone well in the river问题4选项A.The Thames means different things to Different peopleB.The Thames gives strength to many great painters and writersC.The Thames mirrors the ebb and flow of LondonD.The Thames is the longest river in England问题5选项A.The Thames used to be developedB.The Thames floods sometimesC.The Normans built the city LondiniumD.Painters draw their inspiration from the Thames【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。文章关于泰晤士河给哪些人带来利益的描述在第三段: It is, for example, a “sporting river”to rowers, but a working river for men of commerce. And painters and writers regard the Thames as a source of inspiration (例如，对于划手来说，这是一条“运动之河”，但对于商业人士来说，这是一条工作之河。画家和作家认为泰晤士河是灵感的源泉)。因此四个选项中,泰晤士没有带来利益的是D项“农民”。2.判断推理题。第一段将泰晤士河,尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河做了比较: it is a little river compared the Nile, Amazon, or Mississippi (对比尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河, 泰晤士河只能算作一条小河流)。由此推断泰晤士河短一些。故选C项。3.细节事实题。文中第四段提到“to prevent the river from flooding, the worlds largest movable flood barrier was built in 1972”，可知为了防止洪水的爆发，1972 年建立了世界上最大的移动式防洪屏障。答案为B。4.主旨大意题。文章第二段讲了泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落，文中最后一段讲了现在伦敦建立了高楼大厦以及伦敦的变化，可见泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落。C项“泰晤士河见证了伦敦的起伏”比较能概括全文5.细节事实题。四个选项为:A:泰晤士河曾经是繁荣的,错误,第二段说泰晤士河以前旁边只有沼泽河岸。3.单选题Ever since the presidents sexual scandal was made public, there has been a （ ）fall in hispopularity.问题1选项A.domesticB.imaginaryC.drasticD.numerous【答案】C【解析】句意: 自从总统的性丑闻公开以来，他的声誉持续急剧下降。形容词辨析。domestic 国内的,家庭的; imaginary想象中的，幻想的; drastic急剧的，严厉的; numerous众多的，许多的。故C符合句意。4.单选题“You must always obey your leaders. Oh, I must,（ ）问题1选项A.mustnt IB.must IC.shouldnt ID.should I【答案】B【解析】句意: “你必须服从领导”。“噢，难道必须吗？”语法题。考查反义疑问句。反问用法(情态动词+主语)表示对说话对象的质疑,反对,惊讶或反 驳。5.单选题The group of technicians are engaged in a study which （ ）all aspects of urban planning.问题1选项A.insertsB.gripsC.performsD.embraces【答案】D【解析】句意: 这组技术人员正忙于一项涉及到城市规划所有方面的研究。动词辨析。Insert插入，嵌入; grip抓住，紧握; perform执行,完成; embrace 拥抱, 包含。故D符合句意。6.单选题All the flights （ ）because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.问题1选项A.were canceledB.had been canceledC.having canceledD.having been canceled【答案】D【解析】句意: 所有航班因暴风雪都被取消，我们不得不改乘火车。语法题。考查独立主格结构。题干后半句已经完整,所以前半句是独立主格结构,排除A,B。由于动作发生在 “改乘火车”之前,而且是 “被取消”,所以用having been canceled。7.单选题Im sorry （ ）so long. I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been.问题1选项A.to keep you waitB.to keep you waitingC.to keep you waitedD.to have kept you waiting【答案】D【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“to have kept you waiting”正确。8.单选题In this new era, the single most immediate and most serious challenge to Americas traditional identity comes from the immense and continuing immigration from Latin America, especially from Mexico, and the fertility rates of these immigrants compare to black and white American natives. Americans like to boast of their past success in assimilating millions of immigrants without distinguishing among them and have focused on the economic costs and benefits of immigration, ignoring its social and cultural consequences. As a result, they have overlooked the unique characteristics and problems posed by contemporary Hispanic immigration. The extent and nature of this immigration differ fundamentally from those of previous immigration, and the assimilation successes of the past are unlikely to be duplicated with the contemporary flood of immigrants from Latin America. This reality poses a fundamentally questions: Will the United States remain a country with a single national language and a core-Anglo-Protestant culture? By ignoring this question, Americans acquiesce to their eventual transformation into two people with two cultures.The impact of Mexican immigration on the United States becomes evident when one imagines what would happen if Mexican immigration abruptly stopped. The annual flow of legal immigrants would drop by about 175,000 closer to the level recommended by the 1990s Commission on Immigrants Reform chaired by former U.S. Congresswoman Barbara Jordan. Illegal entries would diminish dramatically. The wages of low-income U.S. citizens would improve. Debates over the use of Spanish and whether English should be made the official language of state and national governments would subside. Bilingual education and the controversies it spawns would virtually disappear, as would controversies over welfare and other benefits for immigrants. The debate over whether immigrants pose an economic burden on state and skills of the immigrants continuing to arrive would reach their highest levels in U.S history. The inflow of immigrants would again become highly diverse, creating increased incentives for all immigrants to learn English and absorb U.S culture. And most important of all, the possibility of a de facto split between a predominantly Spanish-speaking United States and an English-speaking United States would disappear, and with it, a major potential threat to the countrys culture and political integrity.1.What makes Americans very proud in the past is （ ）.2.Which of the following did not make the Americans neglect the current immigration flood?3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?5.The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.their strong economic and political power on world stageB.their capability of integrating other people into their cultureC.their great tolerance of the cultural features of immigrantsD.their high fertility rate of native blacks and white问题2选项A.The focus on the economic costs and benefits of immigration.B.The failure in making a distinction between immigrants.C.The lack of recognition of the immigrants cultural influence.D.The indulgence in celebrating their success in the past.问题3选项A.a more diversified immigrant flow will help the promotion of English languageB.an abrupt stop in Mexican immigration is around the comerC.the sudden stop in legal immigration will often result in a sudden increase in illegal entriesD.former Congresswoman Barbara Jordan is strongly against Mexican immigration to the US问题4选项A.The increasing number of Mexican immigrants is going to stop expanding in thecoming years.B.The Mexican immigration has already resulted in the number of Spanish speaking people.C.The Mexican move to the US with the deliberate intention of destroying her cultural and political integrity.D.The Americans do not have to worry about the impact of Mexican immigration at all.问题5选项A.The challenge to the US from Hispanic immigrantsB.The decreasing diversity of immigrants to the USC.Immigrants and their influence on the US cultureD.A disappearing United States and a possible solution【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中的Americans like to boast of their past success in assimilating millions of immigrants without distinguishing among them and have focused on the economic costs and benefits of immigration, ignoring its social and cultural consequences(过去美国成功同化了成千上万移民，没有在移民中造成任何区别对待的问题，并且把关注的焦点放在了移民的经济成本和收益方面，没有去考虑移民带来的社会和文化影响，为此美国几乎可以进行自夸), 可知过去让美国感到自豪的是“将其他国家的人融入自己文化的能力”，即选项B。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: Americans like to boast of their past success in assimilating millions of immigrants without distinguishing among them and have focused on the economic costs and benefits of immigration, ignoring its social and cultural consequences. As a result, they have overlooked the unique characteristics and problems posed by contemporary Hispanic immigration(过去美国成功同化了成千上万移民，没有在移民中造成任何区别对待的问题，并且把关注的焦点放在了移民的经济成本和收益方面，没有去考虑移民带来的社会和文化影响，为此美国几乎可以进行自夸。因此，美国忽视了当前拉美裔移民的独特性和可能带来的影响)，选项B “没有对不同的移民特点进行区分”与句子中的overlooked the unique characteristics意思相同，故B项是原因所在。3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的The annual flow of legal immigrants would drop by about 175,000 closer to the level recommended by the 1990s Commission on Immigrants Reform chaired by former U.S. Congresswoman Barbara Jordan. Illegal entries would diminish dramatically(年度合法移民的流入可能会下降175,000, 接近20世纪90年代由美国国会议员Barbara Jordan管理的移民改革委员会所期望达到的水平。非法入境人数也会极大地减少), 可知选项C “合法移民的突然禁止通常会导致非法入境人数的突然增加”与文章意思不符； 虽然20世纪90年代由美国国会议员Barbara Jordan管理的移民改革委员会期望达到的移民数量水平比实际低，但这不代表Barbara Jordan强烈反对墨西哥人移民美国，故选项D”前国会议员Barbara Jordan强烈反对墨西哥移民到 美国”表述错误；根据文章第二段的 The inflow of immigrants would again become highly diverse, creating increased incentives for all immigrants to learn English and absorb U.S culture(移民的多样性会极大增加，这会刺激所有移民学习英语，融入美国文化的积极性)可知选项A “更加多样性的移民会有助于发扬英语”正确；选项B “墨西哥移民的突然制止很快就会执行”在文章中没有体现，故答案选项为A。4.判断推理题。第二段指出: The impact of Mexican immigration on the United States becomes evident when one imagines what would happen if Mexican immigration abruptly stopped,这只是通过假设墨西哥移民的突然中止来分析墨西哥移民对美国的影响，故选项A” 墨西哥移民不断增加的势头将会在接下来的几年中止”错误；根据And most important of all, the possibility of a de facto split between a predominantly Spanish-speaking United States and an English-speaking United States would disappear. (最重要的是，以西班牙语为主要语言的美国和以英语为主要语言的美国的分离的可能性将会消失)可以推断出墨西哥移民已经使得部分人开始说西班牙语，故选项B”墨西哥移民已经导致说西班牙语的人数增加”正确；选项C “墨西哥移民进入美国是为了破坏美国文化和政治的统一性”在文章中没有体现；选项D “美国人完全不需要担心墨西哥移民带来的影响”与文章主旨意思相反，故答案选项为B。5.主旨大意题。本文中一直在陈述移民以及移民文化，移民文化给美国带来的变化。所以C选项“移民及其对美国文化的影响”适合作文章标题。9.单选题（ ） for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。语法题。考查there be的非限定性形式。题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即there be的非限定形式在做状语there being形式。而由题干关键词for a long time判断此处应该用现在完成时。10.单选题Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, （ ）she was twenty-five.问题1选项A.her first real success did not come untilB.her real first success came until notC.since her first real success did not come untilD.not until her first real success【答案】A【解析】句意: 虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但直到25岁她才第一次获得真正的成功。固定搭配。not.until.表示“直到才”, 故选A。