考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考前自测提分卷34(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题He suddenly saw Sue _the room. He pushed his way _ the crowd of people to get to her.问题1选项A.across, acrossB.over, throughC.over, intoD.across, through【答案】D【解析】考查介词的用法。across表示从物体表面穿过，一般指穿过马路，街道等没有遮掩的地方；through表示从空间内部穿过，一般指穿过森林等有遮掩的地方；over表示从上面越过；into表示进入。句意：他突然看见Sue走到了房间那边，他挤过人群向她走过去。根据题意，只有D项符合。2.翻译题航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一，航天活动深刻改变了人类对宇宙的认知，为人类社会进步提供了重要动力。当前，越来越多的国家，包括广大发展中国家将发展航天作为重要战略选择，世界航天活动呈现蓬勃发展的景象。【答案】Space activities make up one of the most challenging high-tech fields which exert enormous impact on other fields. Space activities have greatly improved mans knowledge of space, and provide an important driving force for social progress. At present, more and more countries, including the vast number of developing ones, regard space development as an important strategic choice. Thus, space activities around the world are flourishing.3.翻译题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (1) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human, nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (2) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (3) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (4) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and theyre essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning values. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (5) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.【答案】1难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。2行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。3自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。4自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主的人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。5（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。4.单选题What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special- purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp.As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.1. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways （ ）.2. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that （ ）.3. Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?4. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special purpose lane （ ）.5. When driving in an automated lane. The driver （ ）.问题1选项A.are being plannedB.are being modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under construction问题2选项A.it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles问题3选项A.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it.D.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.问题4选项A.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespassers are identified and removed问题5选项A.should harmonize with newly entering carsB.doesnt have to rely on his computer systemC.should watch out for potential accidentsD.doesnt have to hold on to the steering wheel【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1. 细节事实题。第一段第三句Two distinct types are on the drawing board（绘图板上有两种不同的类型）可知，这两个系统正在设计中，因此选择A项“正在计划中”。B项“正在修改”，C项“现在被广泛使用”，D项“正在施工中”，均错误。2. 细节事实题。题目问special-purpose lane system的优势。定位到第一段最后一句A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.（专用车道系统将需要对现有高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B项“它将实现最大的公路交通效率”符合题意。A项“它只需要对现有的公路做一些小的改动”，根据第一段最后一句可知应该是进行广泛的改造，故错误。C项“它有一条自动和半自动车道”和D项“它为自动化车辆提供了更多的车道”，在文中并未体现。3.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句：Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway.（不论采用哪种设计，司机都需要在其开始行驶时或在到达自动化高速公路前确定要去的目的地，把这个信息输入车上的计算机），因此C“司机在开车上路之前，应该把目的地通知他的汽车电脑”是正确答案。A项“在它上面行驶的车辆根据目的地被分配了不同的车道”，未在文中提及；B项“在混合车道系统中，汽车可以随时加入现有交通”与文章内容相悖，因为原文第二段第二句是on suitably equipped roads而不是existing traffic；D项“驾驶员应与普通车辆共用自动车道”，在第一段第四句The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars.（第二个是混合交通系统：全自动车辆将与部分自动或手动驾驶的汽车共享道路），可知D项提到的情况只适用于第二种设计方案，即混合式交通系统。故A、B、D均不是答案。4. 细节事实题。题目询问从文章中我们可得知汽车_进入专用汽车车道。根据文章第二段If special- purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp.(如果使用专门车道，汽车可以通过两种方式进入车道，汇入已有的车流中。一种方法是使用特别的入口引道)，B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”与文章所阐述的观点一致；C项“穿过一扇特别守卫的大门”与文中的观点不符，只有在通过检测后，才能通过此门；A项“通过与常规车道上的车辆平滑合并”和D项“在所有非法闯入者被识别和清除之后”显然与文章的意思不符。5.细节事实题。题目询问行驶在自动车道上时，司机_。根据文章最后一段And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel the driver would be free to release the wheel，open the morning paper or just relax. （一旦汽车行驶在自动车道上，司机就不必操纵方向盘，而可以打开早报阅读或者放松一下），D项“不必紧握方向盘”与文章的观点相符。文章只是说在进入自动车道时才应该这样做，因此A项“应与新进入的车辆相协调”与文章的意思不符；B项“不必依赖他的电脑系统”和C项“应注意潜在的事故”与文章所陈述的意思相反。5.单选题Justin was always prepared. His motto was “Never throw anything out: you never know when it might come in handy”. His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets. Deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked. But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto, “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.”When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom- a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant, but when used with a little imagination, might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked. “I lost the scrap of paper it was written on. I have science class in two minutes and if Im late on the first day itll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked genuinely worried.“Relax”, Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. “Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down? Well. I know how we can recover what you wrote.”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations. Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings.“Thats amazing!” Kenny said. “I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.1. Why is Justins room such a mess?2. The word “pleaded” in Paragraph 1 can best be replace by（ ）.3. In what way is Justins backpack a smaller version of his bedroom?4. How does Justin help his friends?5. How come Justin could help Kenny recover his locker combination?问题1选项A.He always forgets to clean.B.He never throws anything away.C.He has no time to clean.D.He shares a room with his brother.问题2选项A.ignoredB.askedC.pushedD.begged问题3选项A.He uses it as a place to store objects.B.He uses it to carry his books and sports equipment.C.His parents tell him to clean it all the time.D.Hes had for as long as he can remember.问题4选项A.He offers them advices.B.He loans them his backpack.C.He listens to their problem.D.He used the objects in his backpack.问题5选项A.Justin remembered Kennys locker combination.B.Kenny had left the scrap of paper in Justins backpack.C.Kenny had left indentations of the combination on Justins notebook.D.Justin found the scrap of paper the locker combination was written on.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。问：为什么Justin的房间很乱，定位到文章第一段第二句His motto was “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy”. His bedroom was so full of （他的座右铭是“永远不要扔掉任何东西，你永远不知道它什么时候会派上用场”。他的卧室里满是） 可知原因是B“他从不扔掉任何东西”。A项“他总是忘记打扫”，C项“没有时间打扫”，D项“他和他弟弟共享一个房间”，文中均未体现。2. 语义推测题。plead“恳求，乞求”；只有D项“恳求，乞求”与之意思相同，此外根据文章第一段所讲内容，可以知道他的父母是恳求他清理房间，所以此处的pleaded可以用begged代替。A项“忽视”；B项“询问；请求”；C项“推”均不符合。3. 细节事实题。题目问题：Justin的背包以何种方式被看作是房间的缩小版。定位到文章第三段第二句He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom- a place to store the many objects that he collected.（他喜欢把它想象成卧室的缩小版一个存放他收集的许多物品的地方）可知答案为A“他把它当作存放物品的地方”。B项“他用它来装书和运动器材”，文章未提及；C项“他父母叫他一直打扫”和D项“从他记事起他就一直带着这个”，均不符合题意。4. 细节事实题。问题：Justin是怎样帮助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句 “He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag”（他从包里拿出笔记本和一支软铅笔）可知他是用他包里的一些东西来帮助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的东西”为正确答案。A项“他给了建议”和B项“他把他的包借给了他们”，文中并未提及；C项“他倾听了他们的问题”，文中他不仅仅倾听了他们的问题，而且用行动帮助了他们，故C项错误。5. 细节事实题。定位到文章倒数第二段最后三句 The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations on another page in the notebookSlowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white（Kenny写的那一页在笔记本的另一页上留下了模糊的凹痕储物柜组合的数字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出现）可知答案为C“肯尼在贾斯汀的笔记本上留下了这个组合的凹痕”。A项“贾斯汀记得肯尼的储物柜密码组合”，B项“肯尼把纸片留在了贾斯汀的背包里”，D项“贾斯汀找到了写着储物柜密码的纸片”，均不符合文意。6.单选题We must improve the farming method _ we may get high yields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.in order thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项in order that“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面加句子。句意：_获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的，C选项in order that“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7.单选题_you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.问题1选项A.If realizedB.Had I realizedC.Did I have realized thatD.As I realized【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should或had时，可省略if采用倒装句型，将should(would或could)提前。因此正确答案为B。8.单选题The accident _ him of his sight and the use of his legs.问题1选项A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项excluded“把排斥在外”；B选项disabled“使伤残；使无效”；C选项deprived“使丧失”；D选项gripped“紧握；强烈影响”。句意：这次事故使他_视力和双腿的功能。根据语境，这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损，所以disabled“使伤残；使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。9.单选题In former revolutionary base areas, the poverty-stricken people can not afford to live in _ conditions.问题1选项A.graciousB.decentC.honorableD.positive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gracious“宽厚的；仁慈的”；B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”；C选项honorable“可敬的；保护声誉的；体面的”；D选项positive“积极的”。句意：在旧的革命根据地，贫困群众不能拥有_的生活条件。根据语境，B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”搭配conditions“条件”比较合理，意思指生活条件优越。因此B选项正确。10.单选题Without your help, _we so much.问题1选项A.didnt achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.dont achieve【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。without引出虚拟语气，并且是对过去的事情进行虚拟，所以要用“would have done”。本句的意思是：“如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成就。”