考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考前自测提分卷6(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert _ over art.问题1选项A.a great worldwide influenceB.influence worldwide a greatC.influence a great worldwideD.a worldwide influence great【答案】A【解析】考查名词前的形容词顺序问题。很多个形容词修饰名词，其先后顺序为数量、大小、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、名词性形容词；句意：到了二十世纪中叶，在美国的画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。因此A项正确。2.单选题The house in which the former president used to live is reported in the local newspaper _ in a fire two days ago.问题1选项A.to be destroyedB.having been destroyedC.being destroyedD.to have been destroyed【答案】B【解析】考查时态。two days ago表示“两天前”，应该用过去式；因对现在有所影响，故应为完成时；又因主语the house与谓语动词destroy构成被动关系；A项表示将来；C项表示正在进行；D项不符合语法。句意：据当地报纸报道，前任总统居住的房子两天前被大火烧毁。故正确答案为B。3.单选题Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the worlds average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have turned to historical data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes affect weather changes that are similar to air pollution.One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, in April 1815. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth. For example, records of weather in England show that between April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4,5 F. During the next twenty four months, England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers records from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause.Ecologists today warn that we face a two-fold menace. The ever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mr. St. Helens in Washington, added to mans pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.41. It is believed that the earth gets colder when _.42. The effects of Tamboras eruption were _.43. The cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818 was _.44. No one realized the cause of the deterioration of the world agricultural commodity market because _.45. If, as some scientists predict, the world ends in ice, what might be the cause?问题1选项A.volcanoes eruptB.the air is polluted by modern manC.the rays of the sun are turned into spaceD.all of the above问题2选项A.felt mainly in the Dutch East IndiesB.of several days duration worldwideC.evidence of pollutions cooling the earthD.immediately evident to the worlds scientists问题3选项A.decreased crop and livestock productionB.volcanic ash in the atmosphereC.pollution caused by the Industrial RevolutionD.its proximity to the North Sea问题4选项A.there was a long delay between cause and effectB.the weather is beyond our comprehensionC.weather forecasts were inaccurateD.ecologists didnt exist until modern times问题5选项A.Modern mans pollution of the air.B.Volcanic eruptions.C.Obliteration of solar radiation.D.All of the above.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“人们相信在地球会变得更冷”。根据文章第一段首句Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the worlds average air temperature（科学家声称，空气污染导致世界平均气温下降）和最后一句They suspect that volcanoes affect weather changes that are similar to air pollution.（科学家们怀疑火山对天气变化的影响类似于空气污染）可知，volcanoes erupt是改变天气的一个原因；第二段第四行提到Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth.（其作用是将入射的太阳辐射送入太空，从而使地球降温）可知，太阳辐射送入太空可以降低地球温度；第三段最后一句提到mans pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.（人们使用石油、天然气、煤炭和其他污染物质对大气的污染，可能会给我们带来越来越寒冷的天气）可知，空气污染也是天气变冷的一个原因；因此A项“火山爆发”，B项“现代人造成的空气污染”，C项“把太阳辐射送入太空”均正确，故该题选D项“以上都是”。42.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“坦博拉火山爆发的影响是”。根据第二段的第三句The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中）和第二段最后一句Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause.（由于原因与后果之间的长达数年的时差，所以当人们遭遇后果时候，往往不能认识到导致其的真正原因）可知A项“荷属东印度群岛才会感觉到这一影响”，B项“在世界范围内持续数天”，D项“立刻成为全世界科学家所关注的证据”都不符合。故该题C项“污染正在冷却地球的证据”正确。43.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“1815到1818年英国冷天气的原因是由于”。根据第二段的第三句The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中; 火山灰让太阳辐射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）可知B项“大气中的火山灰”正确，A项“农作物和牲畜产量下降”是后果，不是原因；C项“工业革命造成的污染”和D项“靠近北海”在文中没有提及，因此B正确。44.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“没有人认识到世界农产品市场恶化的原因是因为”。根据第二段最后一句Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect（由于因果之间有几年的时间差）可知A项“因果之间有一段长时间间隔”正确，B项“天气变化超出了人类理解力范围”，C项“天气预报不准确”，D项“到现代才出现生态学家”在文中没有提及，因此该题选A。45.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“如果像一些科学家预测的那样，世界将在冰中终结，原因可能是什么?”。根据文中第二段中的第四句Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth.（火山灰让太阳福射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）及最后一段的第二句The ever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mr. St. Helens in Washington, added to mans pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather.（如华盛顿的St. Helens先生说的那样，火山爆发的可能性的始终存在和人类消耗石油、天然气、煤和其它污染物而带来的大气污染有可能为人类带来不断变冷的气候）可知A项“现代人类对空气的污染”，B项“火山爆发”，C项“太阳辐射的消失”均符合，因此该题选D项“以上都是”。4.单选题The month which started with the fall of Rome witnessed also the fall of other cities and the German Fortress was successfully besieged.问题1选项A.suppressedB.surveyedC.surroundedD.surrendered【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。besiege表示“围困，包围”；A项suppress“抑制，镇压”，B项survey“调查，测量”，C项surround“围绕，包围”，D项surrender“投降，放弃”。句意：从罗马沦陷开始的那个月，也见证了其他城市的沦陷，德国要塞被成功包围。根据句意该题选C。5.单选题Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate _ yield when unusual weight is placed on them.问题1选项A.although its crust and mantleB.its crust and mantle toC.that its crust and mantleD.for its crust and mantle to【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。indicate是谓语，后面接一个宾语从句作宾语，A、B、D选项不符合语法，因此错误。句意：对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。因此C项正确。6.单选题The contents of cumbersome texts may be conveniently stored on microfilm.问题1选项A.ancientB.technicalC.bulkyD.handsome【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的，累赘的”。A项ancient“古老的”，B项technical“工艺的，艺术的”，C项bulky“体积大的，笨重的”，D项handsome“帅气的”。句意：繁琐的文字内容可以很方便地存储在缩微胶片上。根据题意该题选C。7.单选题The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _ which the students potentiality is developed.问题1选项A.toB.ofC.withD.in【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A项to“对”，B项of“的”，C项with“和”，D项in“在里”。To degree表示“在程度上，到的程度”，the students potentiality is developed修饰the degree，degree后面如果要用从句的话，在用which的同时还要加上介词to。句意：教学质量应以学生潜能开发的程度来衡量。因此A项正确。8.翻译题中国与西方国家的合作是互利的。中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的推动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的新兴市场，西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。西方一些国家对华采取歧视性的贸易政策，不仅损人，最终也会损害自己的利益。【答案】参考译文：The cooperation of the West and China is mutually beneficial to each other. The economic development of China not only improve the quality of natives life, but also give new impetus to world economy and provide more opportunities for the developed countries in business. China is an emerging market with great potential, while Western countries have advanced technology and abundant capital, both of which are highly complementary in economy. Some western countries adopt discriminatory trade policies against China, which will not only does harm to others, but also does harm to their own interests in the end.9.单选题A petitioner brought a bill in equity before the court.问题1选项A.warrantB.answerC.documentD.complaint【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。Bill in equity意思是“平衡法控诉书”，即一种诉状；A选项warrant“证明，委任状”；B选项answer“回答，答辩”；C选项document“文件，公文”；D选项complaint“抱怨”，也可以表示法律上的“控告”。句意：请愿人向法院提交一份平衡法控诉书。根据句意D项正确。10.单选题Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise lo few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane Universitys Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication, to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues lo the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.56. It is known from the first paragraph that _.57. What does “both those responses to tears” (Lines 6-7, Para, 1) refer to?58. “Counterproductive” (Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means “_”.59. What does the author say about crying?60. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?问题1选项A.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed问题2选项A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.C.The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tear.问题3选项A.having no effect at allB.leading to tensionC.producing disastrous impactD.harmful to health问题4选项A.It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.B.It must have a role to play in mans survival.C.It is meant to get attention and assistance.D.It usually produces the desired effect.问题5选项A.Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.B.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.C.Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.D.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】56.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段可知”。根据第一段第二句Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed（眼泪，不管是悲伤、愤怒还是喜悦，通常都会使美国人感到不舒服和不好意思）可知A项“流泪会给美国人带来不愉快的感觉”正确；B项“哭泣往往会模仿人，甚至导致悲剧”，文章第一段没有提到哭泣会模仿人，而悲剧不是哭泣导致的，因此B项错误；C项“哭泣通常会赢得别人的同情”和D 项“当众流泪的人会受到责备”未提及，因此该题选A。57.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段第7行讲到都对眼泪有反应指的是”。第一段第二行提到The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring.（流泪的人很可能会道歉，即使是在一场毁灭性的悲剧引发的情况下。哭泣的观察者可能会尽一切可能来结束情感的宣泄），由此可以推断从哭泣行为的研究来看，流泪者的对哭泣行为道歉和观察者对哭泣的阻止是不恰当的，因为疾病和哭泣以及眼泪的化学成分之间存在联系；由此可知C项“流泪者的道歉与观察者努力阻止哭泣”正确。A项“因悲伤而哭泣，因幸福而流泪”这不是both those responses to tears 所说的；B项“观察者的尴尬和不悦的情绪”，文中是指美国人会感到不舒服和尴尬，B项错误；D项“将疾病与哭泣联系起来并发现眼泪的化学成分”也不是both those responses to tears 所指代的；故该题选C。58.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段第7行的Counterproductive是什么意思？”。根据第一段最后句中的both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.可知counterproductive的意思是表示不好的事情，故排除A项“根本没有作用”；B项“导致紧张”在一定程度上是包括在里面的；C项“产生灾难性的影响”程度太严重了，有点过度解读；D项“对健康有害的”最符合题意，故该题选D。59.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“关于哭泣，作者是怎么说的？”。根据第二段第二句中that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival（哭泣有一种或多种功能可以提高生存能力）可以推断出哭泣对人类的生存有帮助，因此B项“对人类的生存起作用”符合题意。A项“对外界环境无意义的生理反应”文中没有提及；C项“意在引起注意和寻求帮助”，第三段第一句提到Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others（尽管一些观察人士认为，哭泣是一种从他人那里寻求帮助的方式）可知，这只是观察人士认为，不是作者的看法，因此C项错误；D项“通常产生需要的效果”，由第三段第一句的the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help（流泪并不是寻求帮助所必需的）可知D项也不符合。故该题B项正确。60.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“关于眼泪的新研究可以推断出什么？”。由第四段第一句the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress.（新的研究表明，情绪化的眼泪可能在缓解压力方面起着直接的作用）可推断情绪化的眼泪可以缓解压力，因此A项“情感性流泪有减轻压力的功效”符合题意。B项“过多的药物治疗会引发更多的情感性流泪”文中没有提及；C项“在某些案例中，有情感性流泪能导致干眼症的发生”和D项“环境污染物会诱发情感性流泪”，在第六段有提到，根据第六段第三行中的to study the causes of dry eye syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants（去研究“干眼综合征的原因及眼科手术的影响，或者甚至在暴露于环境污染物中去测量）以及第五段Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.（其他几个机构的研究人员正在研究眼泪在诊断人类疾病和监测药物方面的用处）可知，C项和D项是用来研究眼泪在诊断人类疾病和监测药物方面的用处的研究内容，因此这两项不符合题意；故该题A项正确。