考研考博-考博英语-中国海洋大学考前自测提分卷7(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国海洋大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Rules have been （ ）for the behavior of the members of the golf club.问题1选项A.lain offB.lain downC.laid offD.laid down【答案】D【解析】句意:针对高尔夫球俱乐部成员行为的制度己被制定。考查短语辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词词组的过去分词形式表被动。Lie off停止工作; lie down躺下（休息或睡眠）; lay off辞 退）工人，脱掉（衣物），放弃; lay down放下,搁下,规定。由关键词rules(制度)可知D符合句意。2.单选题To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then change them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and the customerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers. A striking example of the importance of meeting the consumers needs happened in the mid-1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1.To put it in a simpler way, the marketing concept is（ ）.2.According to the passage, most industries in the near past focused on .3.The author used the example of Coca-cola to show（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?5.The phrase “to move as much of these goods as possible” in paragraph one means（ ）.问题1选项A.a kind of persuasive salesmanshipB.an effort to turn goods into moneyC.a customer-centered approachD.a surest way to greater profit问题2选项A.the demands of the marketB.the efficiency of productionC.the preferences of consumersD.the satisfaction of consumers问题3选项A.both the firm and the customers must be satisfied before trade occursB.a new product is hard to be accepted by the majority of the consumersC.Classic Coke is much better than the new flavor produced by Coca-colaD.a product must be designed to satisfy the demands of most consumers问题4选项A.A business produces goods only because they want to satisfy the needs of the public.B.Consumer satisfaction is always the most important factor for producers to consider.C.Both consumer satisfaction and persuasive salesmanship serve producers pursuit of profit.D.Producers and merchants are very benevolent in that they focus on consumers satisfaction.问题5选项A.to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB.to make the goods as attractive as possibleC.to produce the goods as efficiently as possibleD.to focus greatly on the needs of the consumers【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept(这种集中于消费者的方式被称为市场营销概念),因此C“以消费者为中心的方式”正确。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods (几年前，大多数企业主要把精力集中于商品的高效生产),由此可知B项“生产效率”正确。3.判断推理题。作者举例可口可乐的前面句为: Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers (然而，成功的商人和生产者意识到，最可靠的盈利途径是理解和满足消费者的需求)。随后指出可口可乐改变其饮料口味后失去了消费者,故D项“产品的设计一定要去满足大多数消费者的需求”正确。4.判断推理题。A:商家生产商品只是因为其想要满足公众的需要,B:消费者的满意度通常是生产者考虑的最重要的因素,D:生产者和商人都是慈善的，因为他们都集中精力于消费者的满意度。由最后一段中的“This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company (这个概念并不是暗示商业是行善的或在一家公司里消费者满意比盈利重要)”可知这三项不符合原文意思。C:消费者满意度和说服力的推销都是为了满足生产者的利润追求,最后一段指出: Successful merchants and producers, however.recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers (然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到获取利润的最可靠方法是了解和满足消费者的需求), Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible (几年前，大多数企业主要把精力集中于商品的高效生产，然后依赖有说服力的推销售出尽可能多的产品),故C项 “消费者满意度和说服力的推销都是为了满足生产者的利润追求”正确。5.语义题。所在句为: and then relied on“persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible (然后依赖 “有说服力的推销”),由此推测A项“销售尽可能多的商品”正确。3.单选题When the fire alarm rang, we （ ）outside the emergency exit.问题1选项A.resembledB.dissembledC.assembledD.scrambled【答案】C【解析】句意:当火警响起时，我们在紧急出口外集合。考查动词辨析。Resemble看起来像,显得像,像; dissemble 掩盖,掩饰(真实感情或意图); assemble聚集,集合,收集; scramble (迅速而吃力地)爬,攀登,抢,抢占。故C符合句意。4.单选题When British voters go to the polls during General Elections to decide who will govern them, they usually have a choice of at least three candidates who will each represent one of the three main political parties in Britain today.The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own. is the smaller Liberal Party.Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “constituencies，each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected (or re-elected) with large majorities. The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Here, in the House, the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet - a team of specially selected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country. Various proposals are put forward for debate and discussion and these may, eventually, become part of the law of the land. The government in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are in opposition. This is the sort of democratic process that the majority of British people seem to favor. Her Majestys Government is watched over by Her Majestys Opposition, and thus a certain balance of power is maintained. Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties (such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party), and other independent parties can exercise their influence. Some issues may be decided on a mere handful of votes.1.According to the passage, the Liberal Party could be described as （ ）.2.A constituency is（ ）.3.How can the other parties exercise their influence in Parliament，according to the passage?4.The Cabinet is（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?6.The appropriate title for this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.a party with policies of its ownB.the only small party with independent viewsC.a very influential partyD.a small party with no central policy问题2选项A.a place where the General Election is heldB.a political area found only in the larger townsC.an area represented by an MP in ParliamentD.an area of the country问题3选项A.By remaining independent.B.By supporting various proposals put forward by the major parties.C.Through the Members of Parliament they have chosen.D.Through their combined voting power.问题4选项A.the Prime Ministries private officeB.a ministerial group assisting the Prime MinisterC.any group of MPs with special responsibilityD.a specially chosen team of ministers from all three political parties问题5选项A.The British voters usually have a choice among at least three candidates.B.The three major parties of Britain are the Labor Party, The Tory Party, and the Conservative Party.C.The government in office has to face various kinds of criticism from the opposition parties.D.The result of the vote is decided by the opinion of the majority of voters.问题6选项A.The British voting SystemB.British votersC.The Three Major Parties of BritainD.Her Majestys Government【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: .and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own, is the smaller Liberal Party (而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故A项“一个拥有自己政治的政党”符合原文所述。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster (这些城市和大的城镇各自分为多个选区，并且他们会选举自己的国会议员，以在位于威斯敏斯特的国会大厦中代表自己的观点),故C项 “由一个国会议员所代表的地方”正确。3.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties （such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party）, and other independent parties can exercise their influence (（政府的）决策由大多数选票来决定，当然这一点也是其它政党如自由党，其它独立党派能施加他们的影响的地方),故选D“通过联合起来的投票权”。4.细节事实题。最后一段指出: .the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet - a team of specially selected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country (由政府总理和总理的内阁（一组专门选定的大臣）领导的政府执行管理国家的责任),由此可知内阁是“协助总理的大臣团体”。5.细节事实题。A: 英国选民通常可以在三位候选人中做出选择,第一段指出: .they usually have a choice of at least three candidates. (他们一般有至少三位候选人),故A项符合原文所述。B: 英国的三大政党为：工党、托利党和保守党,第二段指出: The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own, is the smaller Liberal Party (工党是左翼政党，托利党（或保守党）是右翼政党，而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故B项与原文不符。C: 执政党需要面对来自在野党的各种指责,最后一段指出: The government in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are in opposition (执政党不得不面对在野党的指责),故C符合原文。D:选举的结果由大多数选民的意见来决定,第三段指出: Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “constituencies”，each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected （or re-elected） with large majorities (英国被分为600多个政治选区，每个选区都有代表议会的自己的候选人，且这些人希望被大多数选民选举（或再次被选举）),故D正确。因此本题选B。6.主旨大意题。主要讲英国的选举制度以及在野党怎样通过选票来施加自己对执政党的影响等,故A项“英国的选举制度”比较适合做文章标题。5.单选题One authority made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he （ ）that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre.问题1选项A.assessedB.estimatedC.appraisedD.evaluated【答案】B【解析】句意:一位权威人士对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛进行了数量调查，他估计在那个地方每公顷有超过225万只蜘蛛。考查近义词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Assess评定,估价; estimate估计,估量; appraise估量,估价,(对某人的工作)做出评价; evaluate评价,估价。由关键信息more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre (每公顷有225万只蜘蛛)可知B符合句意。6.单选题While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, （ ）leading to a successful treatment could come sooner.问题1选项A.a distinctionB.an interpretationC.a breakthroughD.an identification【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管要完全了解这种病的病因可能还需要几年时间，但成功治疗此病的突破性的进展却可能来得更快。考查名词辨析。Distinction荣誉,差别,优秀; interpretation 解释,阐释; breakthrough突破,突破性进展; identification鉴定,辨认,确认。根据题干关键词while可知句子前后形成对比关系。C项与前面句意形成对比关系。故选C。7.单选题The match was canceled because most of the members （ ）a match without a standard court问题1选项A.objected to havingB.were objected to haveC.objected to haveD.were objected to having【答案】A【解析】句意:这场比赛被取消了，因为大部分成员反对在没有标准场地的情况下比赛。考查固定搭配。object to doing sth. 反对做某事。8.单选题The reason Hollywood is a natural place for making movies is （ ）the sun shines there every day.问题1选项A.whyB.whichC.thatD.because【答案】C【解析】句意:好莱坞作为电影制作自然之地的原因在于那里每天都有太阳照射。语法题。考查从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知空格引导表语从句,而且该引导词不在表语从句中作任何成分,故C正确。9.单选题（ ） a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes.问题1选项A.ForB.Due toC.Owning toD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】句意:由于突降阵雨，孩子们回家后衣服都淋湿了。考查近义词辨析。四个选项都有“因为”的意思。For表示“因为”,连接原因时,一般不放在句首,故A排除。Due to作状语时,一般不与所接的原因隔开; Owing to一般直接接原因部分,可在句首或者句末; Thanks to表示原因时一般出于感谢。故答案选项为C。10.单选题It was urgent that he （ ）her immediately.问题1选项A.callsB.calledC.callD.would call【答案】C【解析】句意:情况紧急，他应该立刻呼叫她。固定句式。it is/was+adj+从句, 其中主语从句一般用should+ 动词原形，should可以省略。