考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考前自测提分卷11(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The doctor pondered for a while, trying to recall which of several medications would be best to （ ）the patients suffering.问题1选项A.alleviateB.restrictC.decreaseD.diminish【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。alleviate “减轻，使缓和”；restrict “限制，约束”； decrease “减少”；diminish “减少，减损”。句意：医生仔细考虑了一会，试图回想起哪一种药能够最有效地减轻病人的痛苦。选项A符合题意。2.单选题If the scheme is （ ）carried out without waste of time or energy-I shall be completely satisfied.问题1选项A.relativelyB.noticeablyC.appropriatelyD.efficiently【答案】D【解析】考察副词词义辨析。relatively“相对地”；noticeably “显而易见地”；appropriately“恰当地”；efficiently “有效地”。句意：如果计划能够在不浪费时间和精力的情况下展开的话，我会很满意。选项D符合题意。3.单选题We had intended to talk about work, but（ ）started to talk about football.问题1选项A.continuouslyB.unwittinglyC.permanentlyD.consistently【答案】B【解析】考察副词词义辨析。continuously “继续地”；unwittingly “不知不觉地”；permanently “永久地”；consistently “一致地”。句意：我们原意是打算谈论工作的，但是不知不觉就谈到了足球。选项B符合题意。4.单选题Antonio Ratti, at 78 still a king of the Italian silk industry, once warned his employees: “Dont lets become fat and lazy like the Lyonnais”. Lyon, traditional center of the French silk industry since 1536, risked “losing everything, the Italian warned.Although his predication has not come true, the industry is only now showing signs of renewed vigor after seeing its pre-eminence slip over the past 50 years. Examples of the rich rope and fabrics formerly supplied to royal counts, popes and cardinals are on show in the citys museum, but few silk companies survive on the hillside above the River Seine.While Lyon and surrounding Rhone Alps region remain the center of the French textiles industry, most of the 650 companies and 55,000 workers in the sector deal in synthetic fibers. Local production of raw silk has faded almost to nothing, leaving the field to China. But by allying proven design strengths with more aggressive marketing, specialist companies are aiming to recapture markets in luxury and high fashion products, such as Lyon-made Hermes scarves, and to exploit the trend towards medium-priced silk goods.“All too often the Lyonnais adopted the attitude that it was for buyers to come and discover what they had to offer/ says Ronald Currie of the Lyon-based International Silk Association.His opinion that the Lyonnais are more outward-looking is confirmed by Gilles Malfroy, whose Malfroy Million sells 3 million silk scarves a year, notably in Japan. It is alsodeveloping a Chinese market by offering keenly priced quality goods different from those mass-produced by Chinese-Italian joint ventures. “Price is important.” Malfroy says, “But people worldwide also want variety and exclusivity”. Slowly, the French are making inroads on the market share amassed since 1945 by the Italian silk industry. But with their turnover of less than $10 million a year, Lyons weavers and printers are stilldwarfed by Rattis$200 million turnover.1.According to the first paragraph, Lyonnais （ ）.2.Whats the meaning of “slip” in paragraph two?3.What can be inferred from the passage?4.Silk scarves of Malfroy Million sell well because of（ ）.5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.were employees of the French textile industryB.were employees of the Italian silk industryC.was the Italian silk industryD.was the French silk industry问题2选项A.An unintentional and trivial mistakeB.Moving quietly and cautiously.C.A fall from some level or standardD.Narrow strip of paper.问题3选项A.The French silk products are disappearing from the world market.B.The center of the French textiles industry is changing.C.Luxury silk products help France to recapture silk market.D.The Lyonnais have not realized the danger before them.问题4选项A.their low priceB.their exclusive designC.their high qualityD.all of the above问题5选项A.the mass-produced silk goods is losing market in ChinaB.Malfroy Million is developing a Chinese market by offering keenly priced quality goodsC.Lyons weavers and printers are dwarfed by Rattis because of less turnoversD.the French and the Italian are competing with each other at the market of China.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon, traditional center of the French silk industry since 1536提到里昂自1536年来是法国的丝绸业的传统中心，选项B和C是关于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti对员工说，“希望我们不要成为像里昂那样又胖又懒”，可知他本身也是法国纺织工业的一员。选项A符合题意。2.slip 出现在文章第二段第一句话：Although his predication has not come true, the industry is only now showing signs of renewed vigor after seeing its pre-eminence slip over the past 50 years，主要讲述了里昂作为法国纺织业中心的兴衰，renewed vigor “新的活力”，可以推断在注入新的活力之前是经过了下滑，因此 slip在这里的意思是“下滑”，选项C符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句specialist companies are aiming to recapture markets in luxury and high fashion products, such as Lyon-made Hermes scarves, and to exploit the trend towards medium-priced silk goods提到一些公司试图通过奢侈品和高端的时尚产品重新占据市场，由此可以推断出法国纺织业公司通过生产围巾等来重新占据市场。选项C符合题意。4.文章最后一段“Price is important.” Malfroy says, “But people worldwide also want variety and exclusivity”提到价格、多样性以及独特性对于消费者来说都很重要。选项D符合题意。5.题目的要求是下列哪个选项在文章中没有直接讲述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段It is also developing a Chinese market by offering keenly priced quality goods different from those mass-produced by Chinese-Italian joint ventures提到Malfroy 正在通过价格低质量高的商品来发展市场，这些商品与之前中意合资企业生产的商品不同，由此可以推测大批量的商品正在逐渐失去市场。选项A符合题意。5.单选题Recent successes have（ ）the fact that the company is still in trouble.问题1选项A.distinguishedB.revisedC.obscuredD.dissected【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。distinguish “区分”；revise “修改”；obscure “掩盖，隐藏”；dissect “仔细分析”。句意：最近的成功掩盖了公司还处在麻烦中的事实。选项C符合题意。6.单选题The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speed （ ）.问题1选项A.rangeB.limitC.ruleD.regulation【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。range“范围”；limit“限制界限”； rule “规定，规则”；regulation意为“规定，规则”。句意：卡车司机由于超速而被罚了款。选项B符合题意。7.单选题One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspicion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this were true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary, normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times a minute. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less.Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were available to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say buy me buy me”.1.Vicarys curiosity was aroused by the fact that（ ）.2.According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of （ ）.3.Mr. Vicarys test（ ）.4.After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that（ ）.5.The article implied but not stated（ ）.问题1选项A.there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB.women were showing strong resistance to products in supermarketsC.there seemed to be no logic in womens buying habitsD.women were shopping very carefully问题2选项A.the truth or falsity of a statementB.the mental ability of a personC.blood pressureD.the emotional state of a person问题3选项A.proved his original hypothesis to be trueB.proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering store, decreased rather than increasedC.nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD.showed that a womans reaction to the products in a supermarket is impossible to determine.问题4选项A.shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB.a supermarket is fantastic placeC.women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD.women develop an inferiority complex when in supermarkets问题5选项A.Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB.The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC.Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove their original premisesD.Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden movie cameras【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段提到Vicaiy对女性冲动购物越来越好奇，从而想去探究一番，选项A “超市上销量减少”，选项B “女性对超市产品表现出强烈的抵制”，选项D “女性购物很谨慎”，这三个都不是引发这位研究者好奇心的原因，选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension提到眨眼睛的频率可以反映一个人内心的紧张程度，选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段提到Vicary拿起了隐藏的摄像机，进入了商店。通过实践得知，并没有像他预想的那样，女性进入商店后，她们的眨眼率没有增加，而是减少了(their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute)，选项B符合题意。4.文章第二段提到女性进入商店后，进入了一种Vicarys称之为催眠的状态。Vicary认为超市中摆满了在以前只有王室才用得起的商品，而现在一般人都可以用，而这就是使女性进入催眠的缘由，选项C “女性为超市里那些商品着迷”符合题意。5.题干的要求是文章暗含了但是没有写出来的是什么。文章讲述了Vicary出于对女性冲动购物的好奇而用影藏摄像机在超市进行跟拍，想根据女性购物使眨眼的次数来判断她们购物时的紧张程度。但是跟他预期不同的是，她们眨眼的次数不但没有上升，反而下降了，原因是女性在购物的时候，全身放松，非常舒坦。所以这个结果推翻了原来的结论，选项C符合题意。8.单选题Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking hairs called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanismFrom the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around themBacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?2.Bacteria are measured in （ ）.3.Which of the following is the smallest?4.According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see（ ）.5.The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?问题1选项A.The characteristics of bacteriaB.How bacteria reproduceC.The various functions of bacteriaD.How bacteria contribute to disease问题2选项A.InchesB.CentimetersC.MicronsD.millimeters问题3选项A.A pinheadB.A rounded bacteriumC.A microscopeD.A rod-shaped bacterium问题4选项A.tiny dotsB.small hairs”C.large rodsD.detailed structures问题5选项A.A rider jumping on a horses backB.A ball being hit by a batC.A boat powered by a motorD.A door closed by a gust of wind.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.文章主要介绍了细菌“小”的这个特点 （Bacteria are extremely small living things）。选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段第二句While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns提到细菌是用microns “微米”来测量的。选项C符合题意。3.文章第一段提到一个针头大约1000微米，杆状细菌（rod-shaped bacterium） 大概是2-4微米，球状细菌（rounded bacterium）直径是一微米。选项B符合题意。4.文章第二段第一句Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots提到一颗细菌在显微镜下几乎都是极细的现状或者微小的点。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段作者对鞭毛和细菌的关系进行了描述：一颗颗细菌附着在鞭毛上，只有鞭毛旋转了，细菌才能跟着在水中运动。这样的关系跟马与骑手的关系很像。选项A符合题意。9.单选题Years after the accident he was still （ ）by images of death and destruction.问题1选项A.twistedB.hauntedC.dippedD.submerged【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。twist “缠绕，扭曲”；haunt “（指鬼魂）常出没于（某处）”；dip “浸，泡”；submerge “淹没”。句意：事故发生后好多年死亡和毁灭的景象仍然萦绕于他的脑海中。选项B符合题意。10.单选题His constant attempts to （ ）his colleagues achievement eventually caused his dismissal.问题1选项A.withdrawB.diminishC.restrainD.confine【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。withdraw “收回，取回”；diminish “减少，减损”；restrain “遏制，管制”；confine “限制”。句意：他不断尝试贬低他同事的成就，最终导致他被解雇了。选项B符合题意。