考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷15（附带答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Very few scientists （ ）completely new answers to the worlds problems.问题1选项A.come up withB.come outC.come roundD.come up to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come up with “提出，想出”；come out “出版”；come round “苏醒；顺道拜访”；come up to “到达，等于”。句意：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答。选项A符合题意。2.单选题It is through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways of reacting tosituations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain “保持”；gain “获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve “收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire “获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。3.单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。4.单选题A most （ ）argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial “不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate “微妙的，精美的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；miniature “微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。5.翻译题The “standard of living” of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.【答案】任何一个国家的“生活水平”指的是那个国家生产的产品和提供的服务为普通民众所分享的情况。因此，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于它创造财富的能力。在这个意义上的“财富”并不是指钱，因为我们并不依靠钱而是依靠钱能买到的东西生存：比如像食物和衣服这样的“东西”，像交通和娱乐这样的“服务”。一个国家创造财富的能力取决于很多因素，这些因素相互影响。财富在很大程度上依靠国家的自然资源，比如煤、金矿以及其他矿藏、肥沃的土壤和适宜的气候。有些地区可能只有这些资源中的一种，而有些地区一样都没有。美国是世界上最富裕的国家之一，因为在她的境内有着丰富的自然资源，肥沃的土壤和多样的气候。与之相反，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最贫困的地区之一。仅次于自然资源的是使用这些资源的能力。中国也许和美国一样拥有丰富的自然资源，但是遭受多年的内战外战，以及一些其他的原因导致中国没有很好地利用她的能源。安稳的政治环境、免受外来侵略势力的威胁才能让一个国家和平稳定地发展本国自然资源，并且能够比其他拥有同样多自然资源但缺乏秩序的国家创造出更多的财富。另外一个重要的因素便是一个国家人民的科技效率。经过数个世纪，古老的国家培训出大量熟练技工与技师所创造出来的财富远远多于那些拥有大量非熟练工人的国家。财富同样能创造财富。当一个国家变得富裕起来，人民便有了大量的积蓄，他们可以将这些积蓄投入到工厂机器中，帮助工人生产出更多的商品。6.翻译题中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以去贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作 了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和现今的科技成 果。【答案】The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which demonstrate the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms through fossils and specimens. The second ones are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements generated in the industrial age. These two kinds of museums, though disseminate the knowledge, regard their visitors as passive viewers.The third generation museums are filled with new concepts. Here, visitors can operate by themselves, which enables them to understand advanced technologies better and help them probe into the wonders of science and technology.7.单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they（ ） to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed “开始”；appeal “呼吁，请求”；resort “诉诸”；incline “倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。8.单选题The Government is likely to （ ）with the opposition on the new tax proposals.问题1选项A.encounterB.confrontC.clashD.contradict【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。encounter with “遇到”；clash with “冲突”；contradict with “相对立”；confront 后面不接 with。句意：政府可能会在新的税收提案上遭到反对。选项A符合题意。9.单选题We were pleased to note that the early delivery didnt （ ） to the traffic jam of thebusy city.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid “援助，帮助”；amount “总计，合计”；add “增加”；attribute “归属，把归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。10.单选题He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in question.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。relevant to “与相关的”，选项C符合题意。句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实。