考研考博-考博英语-湖南农业大学考前自测提分卷97(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-湖南农业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The Americans differ from the Chinese in their ability to _ conversations with strangers.问题1选项A.hold backB.enter intoC.pick upD.turn down【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止”；B选项“进入”；C选项“捡起，获得，收拾”；D选项“调小，拒绝”。句意：美国人和中国人在与（）陌生人交谈的能力上有所不同。根据关键词：conversations with strangers，搭配最准确的是enter into所以答案选B。2.单选题Everything in the universe undergoes（ ） development and change.问题1选项A.constantB.continualC.continuousD.endless【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constant“不变的，经常的”；B选项continual“持续不断的”；C选项continuous“连续的，持续的”；D选项endless“无限的”。句意：世界上的所有事情都经历着（）发展和变化。D选项作“无休止的”的解释是一般形容不好的事物，所以不能选；Constant：多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续，这里修饰的词语是change，所以不符合语境；Continual：强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断；Continuous：语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断；这里发展和变化之间会存在着间断，所以C选项最符合题意。3.单选题Sony is said _ to Apple right now about supplying multiple-sensor cameras for new iPhones.问题1选项A.have talkedB.having been talkingC.to talkD.to be talking【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说索尼正在和苹果公司商谈向新的苹果设备提供复式传感器相机。be said的固定搭配是后面接不定式，所以排除A，B选项；从关键词right now可知谈话正在进行，或者即将发生，所以需要用不定式的进行式，所以答案选D。4.不定项选择题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural (神经的) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author says that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2. The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（ ）.3. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4. Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5. Which of the following is closet in meaning to the underlined phrase “the only game in town” (Line 3, Para. 4)?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shift of the focus of study to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence develop in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only game they would like to play in town.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：作者说当今强大的计算机A选项“能够可靠地识别物体的形状”；B选项“接近人类行为的表现”；C选项“他们的表现和50年代的没有什么不同”；D选项“仍然不能用人类的语言与人交流”。根据题干定位到第一段第二三句话：But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.（尽管计算机很有用，但是它们离实现类似人类行为这一早期愿望还差得很远，更别提像对话这样复杂的事情了：最强大的计算机也很难可靠地识别物体的形状，然而这对一个10个月大的孩子来说是最基本的任务。），从这句可以看出，选项A、B错误，答案选D；选项C文章没有提及。第2题:事实细节题。题干：人工智能研究的新趋势源于。A选项“研究的重点转向对物体形状的识别”；B选项“相信人类的智慧不能被逻辑上的、按部递进的程序所复制”；C选项“科学家们渴望复制一个10个月大的孩子的智力”；D选项“科学家们在研究晶体管和脑细胞之间相似性方面所做的努力”。根据题干定位到第二段第二三句话The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence.（科学家们表示，问题在于，人工智能一直在试图分离语言和数学等最高、最抽象的思维层次，并用逻辑的、循序渐进的程序来复制它们。另一方面，人工智能领域的一项新运动更深入地探讨了自然与智能之间的间接联系），从这句可以看出科学家指出问题在于人们一直在用看似有逻辑的步骤来复制抽象的思维，但其实这样是行不通的，所以答案选B；A、C选项只是对文章内容的拼接，不是问题所在；D选项文章没有提及。第3题:事实细节题。题干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小组一直在努力。A选项“找到一个迂回的方法来设计功能强大的计算机”；B选项“用一个巧妙的交换机网络构建一台计算机”；C选项“了解智能实际上是如何发展的”；D选项“将思维的最高层次和最抽象的层次分开”。根据题干关键词定位到原文第三段第一句“计算机科学家兼生物物理学家迈克尔康拉德（Michael Conrad）说，模仿大脑的神经网络（Imitating the brains neural network）是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（natural intelligence）的一个重要方面。”，通过这一句话可以看出，康拉德所做的内容是人工智能和自然智能之间的关系，康拉德赞同人工智能取得进步的想法，但是他同时认为不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再结合第三段最后两句“具体来说，康拉德认为，大脑的许多能力都源于构成每个脑细胞（each brain cell）的单个分子的模式识别能力。他声称，制造人工智能设备的最佳方法是围绕同样的分子技能（the same sort of molecular skills）来制造。”可知康拉德一直在努力了解大脑本身是如何运作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C选项正确。ABD三项都不符合题干，排除。第4题:作者意图题。A选项“它在人工智能研究人员中引起了轰动，但很快就会消失”；B选项“这是在复制人类思维过程方面的一个突破”；C选项“这更像是一个奇特的游戏，而不是真正的科学努力”；D选项“它可能被证明是在正确的方向上，尽管没有人能确定它的未来前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句话The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field（这些早期努力的成果既有希望，也有独特之处，新的基于自然的人工智能运动正在缓慢但肯定地走向该领域的前沿），从这里可知答案选D，其他选项不符合题意。第5题:语义推测题。A选项：“这是制造人工智能计算机的唯一途径”；B选项“这是他们赢得人工智能研究奖的唯一途径”；C选项“计算机科学中唯一值得学习的领域”；D选项“他们在城里唯一想玩的游戏”。第四段最后一句：But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.（但如果这是真的，那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴们的努力可能会成为（ ）然后定位到第三段最后一句：The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills（他（康拉德）声称，建造人工智能设备的最好方法是围绕同样的分子技术来建造），从这里可以看出来康拉德另辟蹊径的目的是为了建造人工智能，如果康拉德及其团队的道路是正确的话那么这会是通往城市唯一的游戏，由此可以推测通往城市的唯一游戏是指建造人工智能唯一的方法，所以A选项正确，其他选项不符合题意。5.单选题Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble（ ）to the History Museum.问题1选项A.to find his wayB.finding his wayC.to have found his wayD.having found his way【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在这座城市待了一段时间后，他找历史博物馆完全没有问题。这里根据固定搭配have trouble doing sth可以把A，C排除。D选项强调过去，但是从句意可知这里表示的是现在找博物馆没有问题，所以答案选B。6.单选题The manager gave one of the sales girls an accusing look for her（ ） attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“公正的”；B选项“温和的”；C选项“敌对的，敌意的”；D选项“反对的”。句意：经理训斥了其中一位女销售一顿，因为她对客户的（）态度。如果女孩的态度好的话，经理就不会训斥她，所以答案排除A，B；D选项一般是处于对立的双方才会用的形容词，而顾客和客户的关系并不是对立的，而且这里形容的是态度，所以答案选C，恶意的态度。7.单选题In the next few years major changes will be（ ）in Chinas industries.问题1选项A.brought forwardB.brought aboutC.brought onD.brought up【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项brought forward“提议”；B选项brought about“导致；使掉头；发生”；C选项brought on“导致，引起”；D选项brought up“提出，抚养”。句意：在接下来的几年，主要的变化将（）在中国的工业。这里结合选项，空格处应该填发生，所以答案选B。8.单选题When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _.问题1选项A.offB.asideC.outD.down【答案】A【解析】考查关于lay的词组。A选项lay off“解雇”；B选项lay aside“搁置，留存”；C选项lay out“展示，安排，花钱”；D选项lay down“制定，放下”。句意：当工人们组成工会后，雇佣者会发现很难把他们（）。这道题考查关于lay的词组。雇佣者和工人之间的关系显然是雇佣关系，所以选项A更加符合句意。9.单选题Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend _ such short notice.问题1选项A.toB.inC.withD.on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：尽管我被邀请去参加了开幕式，但是我没能够参加。根据关键词such short notice，结合选项可知考查点是固定搭配on such short notice“刚约就要见（没有给对方充裕的时间）”，所以答案选D。attend to是“照顾，处理”的意思，代入句子中间不符合逻辑。10.翻译题Much of the discussion of environmental problems in the popular press leaves the reader with the impression that matters have been growing steadily worse, and that pollution is largely a product of the profit system and modern industrialization. There are environmental problems today that are both enormous and pressing, but in fact pollution is nothing new. Medieval cities were pestholesthe streets and rivers were littered with garbage and the air stank of rotting wastes. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, a German traveler reported that to get a view of London from the tower of St. Pauls Cathedral, one had to get there very early in the morning before the air was full of coal smoke. The potential damage that we are inflicting on ourselves and on our surroundings is very real and substantial.【答案】大众报纸上关于环境问题的许多讨论给读者留下这样的印象：情况一直在不断恶化，污染很大程度上是利润制度和现代工业化的产物。今天的环境问题是巨大的和紧迫的，但事实上污染不是什么新鲜事。中世纪的城市就像瘟疫区街道和河流上到处都是垃圾，空气中弥漫着腐烂废物的臭味。18世纪初，一位德国旅行者报告说，要想从圣保罗大教堂的塔上一览伦敦的风光，必须一大早赶到那里，赶在空气中弥漫着煤烟之前。我们对自己和周围环境造成的潜在伤害是非常真实和实质性的。