考研考博-考博英语-河北工业大学考前自测提分卷98(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-河北工业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题He always _ his failure in obtaining a job to bad luck.问题1选项A.ascribesB.transcribesC.inscribesD.prescribes【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. ascribes归因于，归咎于 B. transcribes转录，抄写C. inscribes题写；铭记 D. prescribes开药方；规定【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“他把失败_于运气不好”可知，空格处表示“归因于”符合句意，且ascribe to表示“把归结于”。故本题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】他总是把没能找到工作归咎于运气不好。2.填空题These readings are indebted to the deconstructive methods of reading that flourishing in Romantic studies in the 1970s and1980s. The status of deconstruction as mode of literary criticismhave ebbed in recent years; deconstructive criticism has, on oneside, been denounced for its supposed deviation from a properly Derridean orthodoxy, and, from another, marginalized by thesimplistic story of an institution history, in which deconstruction reigned for a brief period in literary studies but has now been superseded by the New Historicism. In the field of Romanticism,the latter narrative has been given an unfortunate impetus by Jerome McCanns critique deconstruction as the culmination of a “text-only” criticism that should be superseded by a properly historical criticism. McGanns anti-deconstructive polemics have obscured the degree which deconstruction helped to inauguratethe present age of interdisciplinarity in literature departments in North America. Once Derrida began to argue that the prestige of philosophy as a master discipline depending upon a sleight ofhand, through which philosophical texts concealed their essentially tropic natures, literary critics quickly realized that the same mode of deconstructive reading could be being applied toany disciplinesuch as history or autobiography that claimed to offer a transparent referentiality.Literary criticism is itself one of the disciplines in which legitimacy resting heavily on its claims to a referential relation between its own words and the primary texts upon which it comments; thus the ways which various critical paradigms have inscribed thecultural significance of these highly canonized poems tell a good deal about our recent critical history. I have taken the dominantcritical paradigms of the present to be the New Criticism, whose continued viability in the American academy has no stronger proof than Helen Vendler s book on Keatss odes. The point of the discussion of the critical histories of these poems and the theoretical contexts of those histories is not to score points against individual critics, but to illustrate, as clearly and as fundamentally as possible, why these poems have played such a significant role in our modern cultural history, and how they continue to be more than we thought we had bargained for.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _【答案】1.【答案】flourishing为flourished2.【答案】mode of加上a3.【答案】have改为has4.【答案】institution改为institute5.【答案】unfortunate改为fortunate6.【答案】which加上of7.【答案】depending改为depended8.【答案】be being applied去掉being9.【答案】resting改为rests10.【答案】which加上in【解析】51.【考查点】时态。【解题思路】根据in the 1970s and 1980s（在二十世纪七十年代和八十年代）可知事情发生在过去，所以应该将flourishing改为flourished。52.【考查点】限定词用法。【解题思路】deconstruction（解构主义）只是literary criticism（文学批判）的其中一种，因此在mode前面要加上限定词a。53.【考查点】主谓一致。【解题思路】分析句子可知，have ebbed in recent years（已经逐渐下降）是对于The status of deconstruction as a mode of literary criticism（解构主义作为一种文学批评模式的地位）这一现象的表述，status为单数，所以应该用第三人称单数，故将助动词have改为has。54.【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】institution侧重在制度、社会上的团体、机构，而institute侧重在学术研究之类的学院、团队，而根据后面非限制性定语从句的表述“在这个故事中，解构主义在文学研究中占据了短暂的统治地位，但现在已经被新历史主义所取代”可知，此处应该是关于研究所的历史，所以应该将Institution改为institute。55.【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】Impetus是指“推动力”，具有积极意义，因此前面的形容词应该同样具有肯定意义。而unfortunate表示“不幸的”，所以要改为它的反义词fortunate。56.【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】句子中which引导的定语从句对degree（程度）进行修饰，关于“的程度”，which需要与of连用，所以在which前面加上介词of。57.【考查点】时态。【解题思路】由主句中的began可知，该句要用一般过去时，argue后面的宾语从句中，depending是现在分词的形式，所以要把depending改为一般过去时depended。58.【考查点】时态。【解题思路】could be being applied to“可以应用于”为现在进行时态，而根据上文的时态可知，该句用的是一般过去时，所以要将being去掉。59.【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】根据句子结构可知，in which引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的disciplines，而从句中缺少谓语动词，resting是非谓语动词形式，所以要将resting改为rests。60.【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】which引导的是定语从句修饰前面的way，在从句中表示“用不同的方式”，一般要与介词in连用，因此which前面要加上介词in。3.单选题A A milk B can provide protein C for a cheap, D nutritionally balanced diet.问题1选项A.AB.can provideC.for a cheapD.nutritionally【答案】A【解析】【考查点】冠词的使用。【解题思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可数名词，因此不能用不定冠词a修饰，故去掉a。该题选择A项。【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白质，提供便宜、营养均衡的饮食。4.单选题The plot of the film is just a _ boy-meets-girl scenario.问题1选项A.hackneyedB.curtC.wanD.triple【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. hackneyed陈腐的，平庸的 B. curt简短而失礼的C. wan苍白无力的；无血色的 D. triple三倍的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子意思“电影的情节只是一个_男女相遇的场景”可知，四个选项中只有A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B项描述人的行为举止是唐突失礼的；C项描述人的脸色或外表是苍白的；D项也不符合句意。【句意】这部电影的情节只是一个平庸的男女相遇的场景。5.单选题My first encounter with the international artist and art critic Fairfield Porter was actually through the poetry of his wife, Anne (Channing) Porter. While both grew to become quite celebrated in their crafts, Fairfields story is unique.Born into an affluent, artistic family in 1907, the boy who was one day become a renowned artist and respected art critic showed a comparative lack of artistic ability when seen next to his siblings. While his older brother Eliot took to photography, Fairfield Porter, despite being remarkably intelligent, appeared to be lacking any natural artistic talents. It seemed that, although a member of a family full of artists, his true skill lay in the critiquing of others artistry. This was evidenced in his second year at Harvard by Farfields decision to pursue art history as his major field of study. After studying at Harvard under Arthur Pope and then traveling briefly through Europe, Fairfield came back to the United States to further his education at the Art Students League in New York City. There he became acquainted with the famed photographer Alfred Stieglitzthe work of whom is said to have positively influenced Fairfields paintings to some degree.Between the years 1931 and 1932, Fairfield spent the majority of his time in Italy learning to appreciate and critique the works of the great Renaissance painters. His training came from both direct study under world-famous art historian Bernard Berenson, and from countless hours spent in museums and galleries observing the greatest pieces of Italian art.Following his marriage to Anne upon his return from Italy, Fairfield spent the better part of the next two decades developing his skills as a painter while caring for his autistic son. During this period his meetings with the French Intimist painter Willem De Kooning would prove to have a profound effect on his later works. Porter was the first to publicly acclaim the work of Kooning.In fact, what made Porter so famous was his knack for responding directly to an artists work. He found fault with the common “talk based” criticism that spoke to art only in reference to its past or to some vague theoretical framework; such criticism attempted to shape the future of art and was far too biased for Porter. His time as an art critic for such publications as Art News and The Nation ended, however, in 1961 when he decided to pursue a full-time painting career.The other side of his fame, his uncommon approach to painting, is just as important to the understanding of Fairfield Porters contributions to the world of art. His personal philosophy comes from a blending of two views; art should be personal, emotional, and representative of its subject, while at the same time be boldly colorful, expressive, and generally abstract. Drawing on his vast knowledge of art history, especially the styles of French Intimism, Porter fused these two feelings to create a powerful, emotive collection of paintings about families, individuals, and the home, as well as moving nature scenes such as The Door to the Woods (1971) and MaineToward the Harbor (1967).When he died in 1975, on a morning walk along the ocean, he left the world as one of the most respected art critics in the past century. On top of that, his work as a painter is still viewed within the art community as amazingly distinctive and especially representative of his life. It is sad to say that now, however, some thirty years after his death, he is still virtually unknown outside of art circles. This remarkably insightful, articulate, creative individual needs to be discovered by the common man and revered for his continuing influence on the artists of today. The words of this intellectual were some of the best and most honest critiques of art ever spoken.1. The main purpose of the passage can best be described as an attempt to _.2. The authors attitude toward the subject of the passage can best be characterized as _.3. As described in the passage, Porters method of criticizing art can best be summarized by which of the following statements?4. Porters painting style can be described by all of the following EXCEPT _.5. Without the first paragraph, the passage would lose _.问题1选项A.explain Porters renowned ability to candidly address artists worksB.illustrate the influence several renowned artists had on the works of PorterC.appraise Porters unusual methods of painting and critiquing artworkD.chronicle Porters life, particularly the events and beliefs that shaped his career问题2选项A.detached interestB.amused toleranceC.warm appreciationD.deep abhorrence问题3选项A.Porters criticisms were frank and forthright, and were based solely on his evaluation of the piece of art that he was appraising.B.Porter criticized art based on the context of the painting and conceptual structures that he found most useful in his evaluation.C.Porters critiques were comparable to those of Bernard Berenson, who greatly influenced Porters outlook on art.D.Porter targeted his criticisms at helping artists by attempting to influence their forthcoming works.问题4选项A.stirringB.vividC.triteD.individualistic问题5选项A.an overview of the passage as a wholeB.a brief introduction and transition into the topicC.important detail that later becomes relevant to the passageD.an explanation of the logic behind the authors viewpoint【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The main purpose of the passage can best be described as an attempt to _. 1. 这篇文章的主要目的可以被描述为试图_。A. explain Porters renowned ability to candidly address artists works A. 解释波特坦率地谈论艺术家作品的著名能力B. illustrate the influence several renowned artists had on the works of Porter B. 说明几位著名艺术家对波特作品的影响C. appraise Porters unusual methods of painting and critiquing artwork C. 评价波特不同寻常的绘画和评论艺术品的方法D. chronicle Porters life, particularly the events and beliefs that shaped his career D. 记录了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他职业生涯的事件和信念【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文可知，全文主要记录了艺术批判家波特的一生，并且介绍了他的作品出名的原因。文章第一段引入话题，第二至四段介绍了波特的成长背景以及职业生涯中的经历，第四段倒数第二句还提到“他与法国画家威廉德库宁的会面对他后来的作品产生了深远的影响”；最后三段讲述了波特能够成名的原因，一是他能够直接回应艺术家的作品，二是他有不寻常的绘画方式；综上所述，可推断这篇文章的主要目的是介绍波特的一生，尤其是记录那些塑造他的职业生涯的那些大事件及信念。因此，该题选择D项“记录了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他职业生涯的事件和信念”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“解释波特坦率地谈论艺术家作品的著名能力”、B项“说明几位著名艺术家对波特作品的影响”和C项“评价波特不同寻常的绘画和评论艺术品的方法”表述片面，属于以偏概全。2.【选项释义】2. The authors attitude toward the subject of the passage can best be characterized as _. 2. 作者对文章主题的态度可以用_来描述。A. detached interest A. 超然的兴趣B. amused tolerance B. 有趣的宽容C. warm appreciation C. 热情的欣赏D. deep abhorrence D. 深恶痛绝【答案】C【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】全文讲述了波特求学的经历，以及成名的原因，都包含作者的欣赏。由最后一段第三和第四句“然而，遗憾的是，在他去世大约30年后的今天，他在艺术界之外仍然默默无闻。这个极富洞察力、能言善辩、富有创造力的人需要被普通人发现，并因其对当今艺术家的持续影响而受人尊敬。”可以看出，作者对这个艺术家的态度是欣赏的，而这篇文章的主题就是这个艺术家。因此，该题选择C项“热情的欣赏”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“超然的兴趣”和B项“有趣的宽容”在文中并没有体现，属于无中生有；D项“深恶痛绝”由解题思路可知，属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. As described in the passage, Porters method of criticizing art can best be summarized by which of the following statements? 3. 如文中所述，波特批评艺术的方法可以用以下哪一种陈述来总结？A. Porters criticisms were frank and forthright, and were based solely on his evaluation of the piece of art that he was appraising. A. 波特的批评是直截了当的，并且仅仅是基于他对他正在评估的艺术品的评价。B. Porter criticized art based on the context of the painting and conceptual structures that he found most useful in his evaluation. B. 波特批评艺术基于绘画的背景和概念结构，他发现这在他的评价中最有用。C. Porters critiques were comparable to those of Bernard Berenson, who greatly influenced Porters outlook on art. C. 波特的批评可以与伯纳德贝伦森的批评相媲美，贝伦森对波特的艺术观产生了巨大的影响。D. Porter targeted his criticisms at helping artists by attempting to influence their forthcoming works. D. 波特批评艺术的目的是通过影响艺术家的作品来帮助他们。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第五段前两句“事实上，让波特如此出名的是他直接回应艺术家作品的技巧。他对常见的以谈话为基础的批评提出了异议，这种批评只针对艺术的过去或一些模糊的理论框架；这些批评试图塑造艺术的未来，但对波特来说，这些批评太偏颇了。”可知波特的艺术批评方法是直接的，并且对以“谈话为基础”的批评提出了异议，也就是说波特评价作品是基于艺术作品本身，而不参考作品的背景和模糊的理论。A项“波特的批评是直截了当的，并且仅仅是基于他对他正在评估的艺术品的评价”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“波特批评艺术基于绘画的背景和概念结构，他发现这在他的评价中最有用”由解题思路可知，该项属于反向干扰；C项“波特的批评可以与伯纳德贝伦森的批评相媲美，贝伦森对波特的艺术观产生了巨大的影响”与题干无关，属于出处错位；D项“波特批评艺术的目的是通过影响艺术家的作品来帮助他们”在文中没有提及，无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. Porters painting style can be described by all of the following EXCEPT _. 4. 波特的绘画风格除了_以外，可以用以下所有的方式来描述。A. stirring A. 激动人心的B. vivid B. 生动的C. trite C. 陈腐的D. individualistic D. 个人主义的【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键词painting style定位至倒数第二段，根据最后两句“他的个人哲学来自两种观点的融合；艺术应该是个人化的、情绪化的、有代表性的，同时也应该是丰富多彩的、有表现力的、抽象的。利用丰富的艺术史知识，特别是法国情感画家的风格，波特将这两种感觉融合在一起，创造了一个关于家人、个人和家庭的强有力的、充满情感的绘画集合，以及感人的自然场景。”可知，波特的绘画风格是强有力的、充满情感的，内容是关于家庭、个人、家庭以及感人的自然场景。只有C项“陈腐的”不符合原文对波特绘画风格的描述，但符合题干。因此，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“激动人心的”、B项“生动的”和D项“个人主义的”由解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. Without the first paragraph, the passage would lose _. 5. 没有第一段，文章将失去_。A. an overview of the passage as a whole A. 这篇文章的整体概述B. a brief introduction and transition into the topic B. 一个简短的介绍和到主题的过渡C. important detail that later becomes relevant to the passage C. 与文章相关的重要细节D. an explanation of the logic behind the authors viewpoint D. 对作者观点背后逻辑的解释【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息定位到第一段的内容“我第一次接触到国际艺术家和艺术评论家费尔菲尔德波特，实际上是通过他的妻子安妮波特的诗作。虽然两人都在各自的行业中变得非常有名，但费尔菲尔德的故事却是独一无二的。”可知，第一段是作为对全文的引语，通过作者与波特的相遇，引出主角波特，以及接下来对波特的叙述。因此，该题选择B项“一个简短的介绍和到主题的过渡”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“这篇文章的整体概述”从第一段的内容来看，该段并不是文章的总体概述，该项属于曲解原文；C项“与文章相关的重要细节”和D项“对作者观点背后逻辑的解释”由解题思路可知，第一段只是作为引语，所以这两项属于曲解原文。6.填空题Reconstruction means broadly for us reformulate and refocusingon ties between particular practices and theories of prose fiction and the facts of life, that is, historical, biographical, and textual facts about authors, readers, critics, and their works and worlds. Critical reconstruction can even show how previous fictions have helped to call into be subsequent realities and subjectivities. But the project ofreconstruction must be plural and textually specific, if it is not to be reductive and, from our late twentieth-century roller-coaster perspective to history, to turn quickly into old-hat totalizing. There aremyriad ways for critics to reconstruct a relationship between a text and some aspect of reality. Let a hundred blooms flower.This book, as a whole and in its parts, features the interplay of fictions than “the real world,” but it explores and expands ideas of whatfiction and reality might be. In discussions of particular texts, it raises and addresses such questions, both time and perennial, as these: Howdoes fiction work to represent and communicate truth about the world? What is the connection between perceived historical reality and the form of language in which a novel is narrated? How does writing mediate the tensions between public and private life, and what doesfiction to do with formulating the very concept of such a split? What is it exactly that people of a given time want and get from a particular novel? How does a novelists life give form to a novel? How are reality, the novel, knowledge, and the practice and form of fiction known as realism relating, and what might realism mean now as modern criticsreconstruct ideas about it? How does a critical theorist of literature move to political theory? How do the effects of writing “travel,” both geographically and in time? And, most significantly for us, what continues to matter about some particular work or works? All these are questions Ian Watts work has floated for us and helped bring into focus.Watt integrated the skills and virtues of New Criticisms close readings with concern for such historical factors as economic change,class and gender determinants, the dynamic nature of a reading public, cultural and philosophic influences, social psychology, shits in signifying practices, and theories of narrative that had been missing,lost, or slighting in much influential postwar literary criticism. Hisboldness in taking the study of literature initially beyond pure textual analysis into realms of sociology, ideology, and cultural relations, and then back into individual novels for richer and more complex readings was a brilliant accomplishment that broadened extending the range of literary scholarship. He opened up fields for scholars of all bentsfields consisting, to be sure, of turf to fight about. His interdisciplinary method was instrumental in helping to bring about the interaction of many critical practices and positions that continues to preoccupy critics.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _【答案】1.【答案】reformulate改为reformulating2.【答案】call into be去掉be3.【答案】perspective to改为perspective of4.【答案】but改为and5.【答案】as these改为such as6.【答案】does改为has7.【答案】relating改为related8.【答案】economic change改为economic changes9.【答案】lost改成losing10.【答案】broadened extending去掉extending【解析】1.【解题思路】由and后面的现在分词refocusing（重新关注）可知，reformulate（再用形式表示）与refocusing并列，所以reformulate也应是现在分词形式。故reformulate应改成reformulating。2. 【解题思路】call into是常用词组，表示“唤起”，后面可以直接跟名词，不用加be，所以把be去掉。3. 【解题思路】perspective of（的角度）是固定用法，不能和to搭配，所以把to改为of。4. 【解题思路】这句句意是“这本书，作为一个整体和它的部分，特点是小说的相互作用，而不是现实世界，它探索和扩展了虚构和现实可能是什么的想法”，可知前后为并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以把but改为and。5.【解题思路】这句句意是“在对特定文本的讨论中，它提出并解决了这样的问题，既有时间上的，也有长期存在的”，然后下文列举了一些问题，而as these没有表示“举例”的用法，所以要把as these改为such as。6.【解题思路】has/have to do with是固定搭配，表示“与有关”，而fiction是单数，所以要把does改为has。7.【解题思路】这句句意是“现实、小说、知识、小说的实践和形式是如何被称为现实主义相关的”，表示“与相关的”要用relate的过去分词形式related，所以要把relating改为related。8.【解题思路】such as（例如）表示举例，economic change（经济变化）和class and gender determinants（阶级和性别决定因素）以及后面的名词短语都是并列的成分，所以统一都用复数形式，故把change改为changes。9.【解题思路】lost和missing、slighting一样都是并列动词，had been doing表示“过去一直在做的事情”，所以要把lost改为losing。10.【解题思路】broaden和extend都是动词，都表示“扩大，扩展”，这里broaden是定语从句中的谓语动词，避免语义重复，要把extending去掉。7.单选题A Science and B technology C are part of the D knowledges of educated people.问题1选项A.ScienceB.technologyC.areD.knowledges【答案】D【解析】【考查点】不可数名词的用法。【解题思路】knowledge表示“知识，学问”时，是不可数名词。所以knowledge要用原形，该题选择D项。【句意】科学技术是受过教育的人的知识的一部分。8.单选题The policemen are perambulating the streets.问题1选项A.percolateB.permuteC.perjureD.patrol【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. percolate渗出，过滤 B. permute改变次序，重新排列C. perjure作伪证，破坏誓言 D. patrol巡逻，巡查【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词policemen（警察）和streets（街道）可推测，划线单词perambulating的意思是“巡逻”。因此，D选项含义与划线部分词义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。【句意】警察在街上巡视。9.单选题According to ancient Greek legend the _ set a riddle which no one before Oedipus was able to answer.问题1选项A.sphinxB.crookC.duchessD.truant【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. sphinx斯芬克斯，狮身人面像 B. crook骗子；坏蛋C. duchess公爵夫人，雍容华贵的妇女 D. truant旷课者，逃学者；逃避责任的人【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键