翻译理论与实践汉译英习题

翻译理论与实践（汉译英）习题 第一周 词的选择 复习思考题：翻译下列句子，注意选词： 我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。 时间过得真快！ 情人节快到了。 这把刀很快。参考译文： My watch doesnt keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day. How time does fly! Valentines Day is near. Or: Valentines Day is at hand. Or: Valentines Day is drawing near. The knife is really sharp. (*The knife is swift.) 第二周 词语翻译技巧（词义引申） 复习思考题练习：根据本节所讲进行选词1. 人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。2. 由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。3. 改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。4. 我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。5. 中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。6. 世界科技进步和产业结构的调整，亚太地区经济的迅速增长，给我国经济发展提供了有利条件。在我国中长期发展中，也有不可制约的因素，突出的是：7. 在1993年亚太经合组织第一次领导人非正式会议上，我曾说过，把一个什么样的世界带到二十一世纪，是我们这一代领导人必须认真思考和解决的重大问题。环顾新世纪初的世界和亚太地区形势，可以说是有喜有忧。8. 为了进行认真细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。9. 专家普遍认为积极的财政政策对于最近几年的经济快速增长势头起了很大作用，2003年，这一政策的实施除了应向社会保障，农村教育及基础设施倾斜以外，还应从政府投资转向民间投资。10. 这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处，孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。但是我尊重孔子的思想，并不是要把他的思想搬到现代社会。11. 对于采取什么样的措施来控制人口这一问题早已不单是一个国家的问题了，而是一个全世界都关注的问题。12. 湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将受到威胁。13. 不幸的是，中国似乎是在学西方的样，如为了事业不结婚的人越来越多，不要小孩的越来越多，离婚的越来越多，年老的父母单独生活的越来越多。14. 新建的金茂大厦成为浦东新区的象征。金茂大厦楼高八十八层，耸立在浦东新区的金融中心，与上海证券交易毗邻，是上海的黄金商业选址。金茂大厦比上海所有建筑物都高，是中国目前最高的大厦，它东望整个浦东新区，西眺上海和黄浦江全景。金茂大厦，一到五十二层为写字楼，五十二层以上为五星级的凯悦大酒店和六层购物商场，租户可以尽情享受在大厦所提供的一切。参考译文：1. Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing.2. The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming.3. Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people.4. We need to be enhancing international competitiveness.5. Chinas modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations.6. The scientific and technical advancement in the world and the industrial restructuring as well as the rapid economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region provide favorable conditions for economic development in China. However, there are a few factors that can impede progress in our medium-and-long range development. The prominent ones of these factors are7. At the first APEC Economic leaders meeting in 1993, I said that what kind of world was to be brought into the 21st century was a crucial issue that we leaders of this generation must carefully think about and solve. Today, at the beginning of the 21st century, we have found the situation of the world and of the Asia-Pacific region both encouraging and worrying.8. In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the particular places, he preferred to travel on foot instead of by cart or boat, despite the hardships on long distances; and he even ventured in mountainous areas and jungles, which are rarely traveled by people and full of dangers. The pay-off for his efforts was his discovery of many fantastic landscapes.9. It is generally agreed among exports that the proactive fiscal policy has considerably contributed to the rapid economic growth in recent years. The year 2003 will see the further implementation of such a policy, which will give added weight to the development of the social security system, rural education and the infrastructure, and a shifting of focus on investment sources from the government to the private sector.10. These values have much in common with some of the virtues of Confucianism, the Chinese philosophy that stresses moderation. However, although I respect the spirit of Confucianism, I have not tried to adapt this ancient philosophy to modern society.11. The question of what is to be done to control population growth is no longer a matter of one country alone. It is a problem of international concern.12. Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too.13. Unfortunately, China seems to be following the wests lead: the rising number of career singles and childless families, the soaring divorce rate and more and more the elderly parents living alone.14. The emerging Jinmao Building has become a symbol of Pudong New Area. Located in the financial district of the new area and next to the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the 88-storey mansion is Shanghais prime business address. Towing over (rising above) the other buildings in Shanghai, it boasts the tallest in China and enjoys commanding views of the whole area of Pudong to the east, and of the Huangpu River and the main city to the west. With 52 floors of offices situated below the five-star Grant Hyatt and a six-floor shopping area, the skyscraper offers a great deal for tenants.第三周 物称与人称 复习思考题翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 五四运动以后，开始了“新红学”时代，代表人物有胡适、俞平伯等这样一些学者。 小梅心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为，实在看不顺眼。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel. Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. My total ignorance of the connection must plead my apology. My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. The May Fourth Movement of 1919 saw the beginning of the “New Redology”, represented by scholars such as Hu Shi and Yu Pingbai. Xiaomeis kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friends callous behaviour. 第四周 正说与反说 复习思考题 日子很快过去了，她做工却丝毫没有松懈。 他不在，我感到很寂寞。 我很高兴看见你安然无恙。 他们的供应不足，冬季又将来临。 他不自然地咳了起来。 你早晨来看我的时候，我还没有起床。 他只顾自己，不顾别人，使得大家都很生气。 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。 是重力使我们不至于从地球上抛出去。 他下意识地举起手来搔他的头顶。 返回祖国的念头始终萦绕在他们心中。 只要他没有病倒，他是不会不来的。 她只觉得头晕眼花，辩不出路径。 一遇到机会，他总是要发表一通议论。 他的暗示没有引起我的注意。 你恐怕弄错了。参考译文 The days passed quickly, but she worked as hard as ever. In his absence, I felt very lonely. I am glad to see you safe and sound. Their supply line was thin and winter was coming on. He coughed with embarrassment. When you called on me this morning, I was still in bed. His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present. Travelling alone, she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage. It is gravity that keeps us from falling off the earth. He involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his head. The thought of returning to his motherland never deserted him. Hell certainly come unless he is ill. She felt too dizzy to remember the way she had come. He was never tired of harping upon his arguments once more whenever an opportunity presented itself. His hint escaped me. Im afraid you are mistaken.六、参考教材新编汉英翻译教程，陈宏薇、李亚丹主编，上海外语教育出版社第五周 外位语的英译 复习思考题外位语英译练习 高粱、玉米、黄豆，这些已经收割完了。 百花齐放，百家争鸣，这是促进艺术发展和科学进步的方针 靠山脚有一排用竹子搭成的草棚，这就是三连的营房了。 钢盔、皮包、水壶、刺刀、剃胡刀、旅行药箱、旅行收音机等等，这些东西在门口摊了一地。 他这件事做得多好，这真是了不起。 你不想做那工作，这是很明显的。 敌人有的死在路上，有的惊魂丧胆地跳到河里淹死了。 每句话，每个行动，每项政策，都要适合人民的利益，如果有了错误，定要改正，这就叫向人民负责。 他的父母几乎同时死去，这是很可怕的。 抗战胜利的果实应该属于人民，这是一个问题，但是，胜利果实究竟落到谁手，能不能归于人民，这是另一个问题。参考译文： The sorghum, the maize and the soya-beans have all been harvested. Letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the policy for promoting progress in the arts and sciences. At the foot of the mountain was a row of thatched shacks, built of bamboo-poles. This was Third Companys camp. Steel helmets, leather satchels, flasks, bayonets, razors, small medicine kits, portable radiosall these were littered on the ground at the doorway. It is wonderful how well he did it. It is clear that you did not want t do that job. Of the enemy, some died on the way and some, frightened out of their wits, leaped into the river and were drowned. Every word, every act and every policy must conform to the peoples interests, and if mistakes occur, they must be correctedthat is what being responsible to the people means. It is dreadful that her father and mother died almost at the same time. That the fruits of victory of the War of Resistance should go to the people is one thing, but who will eventually get them and whether it will be the people is another. 第六周 被动与主动 复习思考题 关于这个问题，已经说得很多了。 请旅客在此填写报关表。 全国到处都在兴建新的工厂和中小型水电站。 刚才有人在这里讲了一些不该讲的话。 那个孩子在街上玩，一辆摩托车把他撞伤了。 军备竞赛必须制止。 我们的学院由四个系组成，下面有20个班级。 很抱歉，因为雨太大了，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。 认识落后，才能改变落后。 据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。 我希望一切问题都能在满足双方的情况下获得解决。 一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个的问题。 口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 来宾请出示入场券。参考译文 Much has been said on this question. Passengers are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here. New factories and hydro-electric stations of small and medium sizes are being built everywhere in our country. Some things were said here just now which should not have been said. The boy playing in the street was injured by a motorcycle. The arms race must be stopped. Our college is composed of 4 departments which are subdivided into 20 classes. Im sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain. The boy who had been seriously injured was immediately admitted into the hospital. The backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed. It is rumoured that the accident was due to negligence. I hope all our problems can be settled with satisfaction on both sides. Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly. Visitors are requested to show their tickets.第七周 重复词语和重复结构的处理 复习思考题翻译练习，注意重复部分的译法 我们的毛病还很多。我们不怕说出自己的毛病，我们一定要改正自己的毛病。 成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。 你不愿意落后， 她也不愿意落后。 不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。 电子管通常用来放大，而真空管则是电子管的另一名称。 沉默呵，沉默！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。 一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局。 一个人的工作，究竟是三分成绩七分错误，还是七分成绩三分错误，必须有个根本的估价。 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。 赶超世界先进水平，关键是时间。时间就是生命，时间就是速度， 时间就是力量。 要采取果断措施，快出人才，多出人才 社会主义民主要扩大到政治生活、经济生活、文化生活和社会生活的各个方面。 我们必须积极采用新技术、新设备、新工艺、新材料。 在社会主义社会中，我们要创造条件逐步缩小城乡差别、工农差别、体力劳动和脑力劳动的差别。 中国人从来就是一个伟大的勇敢的勤劳的民族，只是在近代落伍了。这种落伍，完全是被外国帝国主义和本国反动政府所压迫和剥削的结果。 We still have many failings. We are not afraid to admit them and are determined to get rid of them. Achievements have a dual character and so have mistakes. You dont want to lag behind. Neither does she. We must not pretend to know when we do not know. An electron tube is generally used for amplification, and vacuum tube is another term for this device. Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence! A locality has its own over-all interest and a nation has another. We must have a fundamental evaluation of a persons work and establish whether his achievements amount to 30 percent and his mistakes to 70 percent, or vice versa. Association with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil. You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. In catching up with and surpassing the worlds advanced levels, time is the key factor. Time means life, time means speed, time means strength. Resolute measures must be taken to train able people in greater numbers and at a faster rate. Socialist democracy should be extended to all spheres of life, political, economic, cultural and social. We must actively introduce new techniques, equipment, technologies and materials. In socialist society, we must create the conditions for gradually narrowing the differences between town and country, between industry and agriculture and between physical and mental labour. The Chinese have always been a great, courageous and industrious nation; it is only in modern times that they have fallen behind. And that was due entirely to oppression and exploitation by foreign imperialism and domestic reactionary governments. 第八周 商标的英译法及广告中四字词组的英译法 复习思考题英译下列广告，注意其中四字词组的译法：大泽山葡萄：分布于青岛市所辖的平度市大泽山脉。主要有龙眼、玫瑰香、红鸡心、柳子、白羽、泽玉、大玫瑰等。粒粒饱满、形色美观、皮薄肉嫩、含糖量高、清香可口。其生产地大泽山镇被农业部命名为“中国葡萄之乡”。参考译文：Da Ze Mountain Grapes: The grapes are distributed in Da Ze Mountains in Pingdu city, including the well-known variants like Dragon Eyes, Fragrant Rose, Red Chicken Hearts, Liu Zi, White Feather, Ze Jade and Big Rose. The grapes are elegant in pattern, with thin peels and soft flesh. They have a high sugar content and crisp taste. Da Ze Mountain, the place of origin, was entitled “The Place of Grapes” by the Ministry of Agriculture. 第九周 主语的选择 复习思考题英译下列句子，注意选择适当的主语 采用新工艺大大降低了产品的成本。 没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利 愤怒的人群发出了抗议声。 弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。 我永远不会忘记这个教训。 北京的冬季，地上还有雪，灰黑色的秃树枝丫叉于晴朗的空中，而远处有一二风筝浮动，在我市一种惊异和悲哀。 西洋人究竟近乎白痴，什么事只讲究脚踏实地去做，这样费力气的勾当，我们聪明的中国人，简直连牙齿都要笑掉了。 The adoption of the new process has greatly cut the cost of products. Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. Shouts of protest sprang up from the angry crowd. If things are not properly handled, our labour will be totally lost. The lesson will be rooted in my memory forever. When, in late winter in Beijing, there was still snow on the ground and, up in the air, an entanglement of dark-gray bare branches against a sunny sky, a couple of kites were already fluttering up and down in the distance a sight that filled me with amazement and forlornness. Because of their earnest and down-to-earth approach to work, Westerners are, in the eyes of Chinese smarties, next door to idiotic. They are being laughed at by Chinese smarties for the tremendous amount of energy they put into their activities. 第十周 语篇翻译 复习思考题英译下列语篇1. 桃花源记 陶渊明 晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。渔人甚异之。复前行，欲穷其林。 林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人；复行数十步，豁然开朗。土地平旷，屋舍俨然，有良田美池桑竹之属。阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。 评述所给相应译文： During the Tai-Yuan period of the Chin Dynasty, a fisherman from Wuling, forgetting how far he had advanced in following a creek, suddenly came to a forest of peach blossoms. For several hundred paces there was no other kind of trees on either bank of the creek. The delightful-smelling grass was beautiful and fresh, and the falling blossoms were scattered in confusion. The fisherman was seized with wonder. He went to on further, intending to go through the wood, but where the wood ended at the source of the creek he found a hill with a small opening somewhat lighted. Then the fisherman left his boat and walked through the mouth of the opening. It was rather narrow at first, barely enough for the passage of one person; but after a few more score steps it widens into an open track. A wide plain was brought into view, dotted with houses in distinct order and full of good fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry, and bamboo. It was checkered with highways and paths between the fields; cock-crow and dog-bark in one village were heard in another. The people plying to and fro and working on the farm were all, men and women, dressed like the outsiders. Both the grey-haired people and the children with hanging-hair tresses all appeared happy and well-contented. 2. 一九三五年十二月八日轰轰烈烈的“一二九”运动的头天晚上。 道静得了病，发着高烧，躺在新搬的公寓的板床上睡着了。傍晚，在她这间破旧的冷清的小屋里，徐辉、晓燕、侯瑞三个人围着煤球炉子低声谈着话。徐辉问晓燕：“她什么时候病的？找医生看过没有？” “看过了。”晓燕低声说，“医生说是重感冒。恐怕是这两天太累了。她没日没夜地找人谈话、布置和反动学生的斗争，常常顾不上吃饭，身体当然受不了。” 侯瑞也摇摇头说：“她太累了。” “你们该多照顾她一点呀！”徐辉看着道静昏睡的样子，不安地说。 这时道静醒来了。她睁眼看着身边的三个人笑笑说：“你们什么时候来的？我都不知道。徐辉，明天的行动确定了吧？不会有什么变化吧？” “不会。”徐辉伏在道静的身边笑道，“不许你再操心，只许你安心休息。”她直起身来这才问站在旁边的侯瑞，“你估计明天北大可以有多少人参加？”试评述下列两种译文： The Song of Youth译文一 December 8, 1935 the eve of the tremendous, historical December Ninth Movement1 This day Tao-ching was in bed with a high fever. She was sleeping in a wooden bed in a newly rented room. At dusk, in this cold, dreary, small room, Hsu Hui, Hsiao-yen, and Hou Jui were huddling over a coal stove talking softly. “When did she get sick?” Hsu Hui asked Hsiao-yen. “Did she see a doctor?” “Yes,” Hsiao-yen whispered. “The doctor says she has influenza. Also she has been working too hard. Day and night she held discussions, instigated struggles against reactionary students, and often skipped meals. No wonder her health has suffered as a consequence.” “She simply overextended herself,” Hou Jui shook his head. “You people should have taken better care of her!” said Hsu Hui, as she looked uneasily at the feverish girl, deep in slumber. Tao-ching stirred. She opened her eyes and smiled at the three people near her bed. “When did you get here?” she asked, then turned to Hsu Hui, “Has the plan for tomorrow been fixed? Will there be any changes?” No, I dont think so,” answered Hsu Hui, smiling. “But dont worry about anything. You just take it easy.” And, stretching herself, she asked Hou Jui, “How many people from Peking University do you think will be at the demonstration?” 译文二 It was the eve of the stupendous December the Ninth Movement in 1935. Tao-ching was ill in bed with a high fever in the cold, bare lodgings to which she had recently moved. Toward evening Hsu Hui, Hsiao-yen, and Hou Jui gathered there and sat around the stove, talking in low voices. “How long has she been ill?” Hsu Hui asked Hsiao-Yen. “Have you sent for a doctor?” “Yes, the doctors been,” Hsiao-yen answered in a whisper. “He says its influenza. Im afraid shes been overworking these last few days. Shes been on the go day and night, talking with people and planning how to fight the reactionaries. Her resistance has also been lowered by lack of food.” Hou Jui shook his head, saying, “Shes worn herself out.” “You should have looked after her better, “Hsu Hui said, worried because Tao-ching seemed to be in a coma. Just then Tao-ching recovered consciousness and seeing the three of them, said with a smile, “When did you arrive? Id no idea youd come. Tell me, Hus Hui, is our plan for tomorrow settled? There wont be any changes, will there?” “Its not likely.” Hsu Hui bent over her with a smile. “Dont you worry. Just have a good rest.” She turned to asked Hou Jui beside her, “How many Peking University students do you think will take part in the demonstration?”第十一周 朝花惜拾“总序” 复习思考题英译下列语篇，注意使用地道的英语：“顾名思义，这是一束再放的花朵。它曾经绽开在大中学生的教材里，摇曳在中文老师的讲义上，灿烂在无数学子的诵读中。春光如水，十年过去，也许五年或十年，甚而至于更多一些年头，昔日的少年已是今天的白领阶层，抑或社会各个阶层各种角色的扮演者，对于曾经在课堂上读过的文章，至今余香在口，每能回忆，那同学少年，那花样季节，那响彻幽雅校园的琅琅之声，无一不令人心醉。于是有一天，我们这一套书的编者便作如是想，假使将那十年前读过的名篇重编一书，新加评注，让旧的读者以新的心境再读一遍，连同已逝的韶华一并温习，不亦乐乎？”参考译文： The title of this bilingual collection, Cherished dawn Blossoms, reminds one of a bouquet of reopened blossom. These blossoms of Chinese literature were once in full bloom in much-read books, in teachers curricula and on the lips of students. Time flows like water in a river. Ten or more years hence those students would have grown up, but whatever positions they might hold in society today, they will never forget those beautiful pieces of prose, poetry and stories in their old school books. The sound of the classroom recital of those masterpieces still echo in their ears, making them nostalgic for those school days. One day, an idea suddenly hit us, the editors of this serieswouldnt it be wonderful to pick up those cherished blossoms and arrange them into bouquets for our readers who would probably look at them again from a new perspective, a matured aesthetic judgment?第十二周 荷塘月色 复习思考题翻译下列语篇： 曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候，叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般、霎时传过荷塘那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波浪。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。 参考译文： All over this winding stretch of water, what meets the eye is a silk