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专题十七七选五高考精萃Passage 1(2014北京卷)Evaluating Sources of Health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. _1_Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. _2_Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. _3_ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. _4_ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)_5_ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.AMake choices that are right for you.BThe goal of an ad is to sell you something.CBe sure to work through the critical questions.DAnd examine the findings of the original research.EDistinguish between research reports and public health advice.FBe aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.答案与解析本文为说明文。作者针对如何识别正确的健康信息提供了一些建议。1G根据文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议，因此本空引出了下文的多个建议，故选择G项。2D根据第二段的第一句“Go to the original source.”可以看出D选项“And examine the findings of the original research.”与第二段内容匹配。3F根据第三段第一句“Watch for misleading language.”可以看出F项“Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained.”与本段内容匹配。4B空格处前一句中出现的advertisements与B项中的ad 对应，因此选择B项。5A空格后的“.that works for us.”与A项“Make choices that are right for you.”对应，故选择A项。Passage 2(2014辽宁卷)Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：Schedule yearly exams. _1_ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. _2_Give your eyes a break. Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. _3_ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away._4_ As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. _5_ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.AEat your greens.BEye care should begin early in life.CThey can properly protect your eyes.DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins.EParents usually dont care about their own eyesight.FAlways follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.答案与解析本文为说明文。文章主要给出了五种拥有健康视力的建议。1B根据上文Schedule yearly exams. 和下文Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age. 及选项中的Eye care 和 early in life 可知选B项。2C戴太阳镜预防紫外线，它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛。本句是对上文的总结概括。3G三分之二的美国人一天会花费多达7小时的时间来使用电脑或其他数码产品。这种频繁的眼部活动会提高眼睛疲劳的风险。根据句意应选择G项。4AEat your greens. 吃出绿色。下文均与饮食有关，所以选A项。5F上下文均与戴隐形眼镜有关，所以选择含有关键词wear 的选项。medical guidance 和 doctors advice 也互为暗示。Passage 3(2014课标全国卷)Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money, and time. _1_ Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? _2_2Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? _3_ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3_4_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start. _5_ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!ATry new things.BAbility is easily improved.CMake three or four instead.DUnderstand your food better.ECooking is a burden for many people.FLet cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.答案与解析本文为说明文，题材是介绍说明类。紧张的生活节奏并不妨碍你为自己或家人做上一顿可口的饭菜，看看作者为我们提供的建议吧。1B上文提到三个不常做饭的理由：能力、钱和时间。下文提到钱是下一个话题，这里主要谈论如何利用花费在烹饪上的时间，故答案选B(能力是容易改进的)。2G该段建议提前做出烹饪计划，故答案选G(提前一点制订计划会省去很多后面的工作)。3C根据下文“花费几乎相同的时间来制作更多食物”可推断出，这里指把制作一条面包改为制作三到四条面包。4A根据下文It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes. 可推断出，本空应选A(尝试新事物)。5F根据下文“不要让繁忙的日程妨碍你在饮食和生活方式上做出美好的改变”可推断出，答案选F(让烹饪和生活仅仅是快乐而非负担)。Passage 4(2013北京卷)UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. _1_ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. _2_The process of urbanizationthe migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. _3_Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities._4_ Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. _5_ Today, instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers.AThat kept cities very small.BThe rest live in small towns.CThe effects of urban living on people should be considered.DSoon many other industrial nations became urban societies.EBut even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.FModernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.GModern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.答案与解析本文为说明文，题材为社会与热点，主要讲述了城市化的进程。1E第一段主要讲述了在过去城市非常少，大多数人都是住在农场或乡村里，根据主旨可知应选择E项。2D空格前一句中的beginning 与D项中的Soon 相对应，英国只是个开始，之后一些其他的国家也开始成为城市化的社会，故选择D项。3B空格所在的段落通过列举数据来体现现在城市化的扩大，绝大多数的美国人住在城市里，少部分住在农场里，因此此空说明剩下的人居住在何地，故选择B项。4A此空之前在阐述过去城市不可能大的原因，因此A项与前面的意思对应。5F空格前一句阐述工业革命打破了此前城市和乡村的这种平衡，因此空格处是对前一句内容的进一步阐述，因此选择F项。模拟精选Passage 1(2014东北三校二模)Everyone needs a break, and vacations are not meant for serious study. _1_ The Spring Festival is coming up so this is the perfect time to discuss some great English language literature to take on a long train journey. Before getting into the recommendations, you need to determine your English reading comprehension level. If youre at the beginners level, there are two options: reading a childrens book or reading a book that youve read in Chinese translation. _2_ If youre at the intermediate level, popular books like pop fiction, mysteries and thrillers are good options. For advanced readers, classic works of literature or modern prize winners (Nobel, Pulitzer) are good options._3_ When I pick up a book I like, even though the first few chapters are really hard to get through, I would try to get accustomed to the language the author uses. Generally, after the first few chapters, things get a lot easier, especially if I get involved in the story. Another great way to keep yourself motivated is to find a friend whos interested in reading the same book. You can make goals that you both want to achieve. _4_ Some quick recommendations: Harry Potter, start with the first book and go on from there; the Narnia series; anything by US. writer Michael Crichton; and if you like horror, US. writer Stephen King is always unusual and fun. _5_ Happy reading!AIf you pick a book which is so challenging, it will be too stressful.BThe most important thing is to pick a book that youre really interested in.CYou may also enjoy your reading when hanging out with your family.DYou should just find a topic or author youre interested in, and the rest will go from there. EYou can also discuss plot lines or vocabulary issues with each other by SMS or email.FInstead, theyre a great way to take a break and enjoy a good book.GThis will help you get over any unfamiliar words or phrases, since youre already familiar with the story.答案与解析本文谈论了怎样接触英语文学，并对不同程度的读者提供了阅读建议。1F根据上文needs a break, 以及“假期不是为了严肃而认真地学习”可知此处用Instead.转折引出下文较合适。2G根据常识可知读者读过中译本，则会be familiar with the story, 故选G项。3B根据a book I like 可知作者建议：选择感兴趣的书。4E第四段主要讲和朋友一起读书能做的事，所以E项正确。5D上文提到了Harry Potter, the Narnia series, Michael Crichton, Stephen King 都是推荐读的书目及作者，而且也提到了horror，这是一个topic，都包括在D项内，所以D项正确。Passage 2(2014河北衡水中学调研)Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. _1_ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dogs life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.Some people say we live in a dogeatdog world. _2_ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dogtired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog._3_ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things._4_ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. _5_AStill, people say every dog has its day.BWe do not want it to rain cats and dogs.CSome people are compared to dogs in bad ways.DDogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people.EThere are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.FThat means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.GThey take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.答案与解析本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些与dog 相关的俗语。1G根据空格前一句内容可知，美国人喜爱而且善待狗，故选G项，即举例说明美国人的待狗之道。此题易错选D项。狗的忠诚与上下文毫无关系。2F根据篇章结构，每提出一个新的俗语，下文便有文字对前面的俗语进行解释。故此处选用作解释的内容最为合适。故选F项。3A空格后的内容正是对选项的解释，故选A项。4C根据空格后一句，那些不友好、不关心他人的人通常被描述成meaner than a junkyard dog可知，本段应该是用dog 的短语来比喻不好的人。故选C项。5B根据空格前提到的rain 可知，只有B项与此有关。Passage 3(2014北京西城一模)Where would you most like to go on vacation? Paris? London? The Amazon Rainforest? Each of these destinations is attractive. _1_As a new word, staycation refers to people staying at home during their vacation time, and going sightseeing around their hometown.Staycations have become really popular recently, as a way of having an enjoyable vacation, without spending too much money. There are shortcomings to every positive thing, however._2_ You also might prevent yourself from enjoying things to the fullest, as the atmosphere might be the same as any other time._3_ It means you wont be available for work or other activities.What can you do to make your staycation fun?1. Go to a nearby town, or to a fancy hotel in your hometown and stay overnight. Treat yourself to room service and any other fun things the hotel has to offer.2. _4_ You would have done it on a vacation, right? Treat yourself to this, at least for one day!3. Throw a small party. Think about the money you are saving by not going away. You will still save money, but have more fun, and you will help other people to have fun too!4. Go shopping! Window shopping, or the super fun type, where you buy things! You would have bought souvenirs (纪念品) if you had gone on a vacation, so treat yourself during your staycation!The most important thing to remember is to do things that make you and your family excited! _5_AEat out for every meal!BGo on a day trip to a nearby town, or to a beach.CBut why not remain at home and enjoy a staycation?DIf you are on a staycation, you might get calls from work.EMost of the time it involves dining out more frequently than usual.FMake sure you all have fun, and when it is over, you feel refreshed.GThe trick is to make sure your friends and coworkers know you are on a staycation.答案与解析本文介绍了一种新的度假方式呆在家里度假(staycation)。1C空格处的句子用以引出话题staycation，而下文As a new word, staycation. 用以解释staycation 的含义。2D该句及下文都是在解释There are shortcomings to every positive thing. 的内容。故应选择讲在家度假缺点的选项。3G让朋友和同事知道你在以staycation 方式休假的目的是：让他们知道你不能工作或进行其他活动。4A该句与下文Treat yourself to this, at least for one day！相符。5F上文的excited 与该句的have fun, feel refreshed相符，介绍在家度假的作用。Passage 4(2014吉林长春一模)Kids with special needs refer to any kid who might need extra help because of a medical, emotional, or learning problem. For example, kids who cannot walk need wheelchairs. They not only need equipment that helps them get around, but they might need to have ramps (坡道) or elevators available._1_Kids with an illness would have special needs, too. _2_Kids with sight problems might need Braille books to read. Kids with hearing problems might need hearing aids._3_ It might be harder to do normal things, like learning to read or just getting around the school. The good news is that parents, doctors, nurses, teachers, and others can help. The goal is to help kids be as independent as possible.Other kids can also be a big help. How? By being a friend. Kids who use a wheelchair or have lots of health problems want friends just as you do. But meeting people and making friends can be difficult. _4_ Be sure to tell a teacher if you see someone being bullied (欺辱) or teased._5_ Being friendly to kids with special needs is one of the best ways to be helpful. As you get to know them, they may help you understand what its like to be in their shoes. And youll be helping fill a very special need, one that everybody hasthe need for good ends.ASome kids might laugh at or make fun of them.BIt is good manners to offer help to kids with special needs.CLife can be challenging for a kid with special needs.DThey also might need to get a special bus to school.EThey might need medicine or other help as they go about their daily activities.FAlso, try to be helpful if you know someone with special needs.GSomeone could have trouble with anxiety, but you wouldnt know it unless told about it.答案与解析本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何对待有特殊需要的孩子。1D根据前面的句式they might need. 可判断D项的句型They also might need. 最恰当。2E从前面的illness 提示以及下文的例子可知，他们从事日常活动时需要医疗或者其他方面的帮助。故选E项。3C该空后面提到了.harder to do normal things.，所以前面的空填C项，对残疾孩子来说，生活是充满挑战的，即艰难的。4A该空前面说到“残疾孩子交朋友困难”。后面说的是“要是发现有人被欺侮，要告诉老师”，所以空格内容为“有的小孩儿可能会取笑他们”比较合适。故选A项。5F本段论述的是如何与残障孩子交朋友，帮助他们。空后面说.one of the best ways to be helpful.，所以前面空格处的内容应该已经提到要be helpful，故选F项。Passage 5(2014北京海淀一模)There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. _1_The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. _2_ Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we dont have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was equal to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the readers understanding._3_ Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the conditions in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. _4_ Besides, his book must convey something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is approached, success of communication is achieved._5_ It is the least demanding and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.AThe writer should have a better communicating skill.BSuch communication between unequals must be possible.CWe can get access to the content of those materials easily.DThe writer must be “superior” to the reader in understanding.E
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