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专题十八语法填空一、记叙文高考精萃Passage 1(2014辽宁卷)Jonny：Hey! Im just practicing Tai Chi(太极). Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter：OK. Dont laugh _1_ me. I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _2_ (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well. My legs become _3_ (pain)Jonny：Keep _4_ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let _5_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient! Tai Chi _6_ (call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well _7_ strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The _8_ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable! Oh. _9_ you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep _10_.答案与解析本文是两人关于太极拳的对话。约翰尼在教彼得一些简单动作并向他介绍一些相关知识。1at句意：不要嘲笑我，我看起来很可笑。laugh at 意为“嘲笑”。2softly句意：膝盖微弯，自然地，缓缓伸出手臂，像树枝一样。所填词与naturally 是并列关系，共同修饰动词短语reach out，故填softly。3painful句意：我的腿痛。become 在此是系动词，后面应填形容词。故填painful。4holding句意：保持姿势一会儿。keep doing. 意为“继续做某事”。故填holding。5it代指前面的your leg, 故填it。6is called句意：太极在英语中被称作shadow boxing。Tai Chi 与call 之间为动宾关系，要用被动语态。又因说话者在介绍一般事实，要用一般现在时。故填is called。7as句意：它使你的行动像水一样既灵活又有力。as well as 为固定短语，意为“既又”。故填as。8harder句意：你越用车去打他，你越容易被打。The more., the more. 为固定句式，意为“越，越。”故填harder。9if句意：如果你不介意的话，你就停下来深吸一口气。本句为条件状语从句，故填if。10breath句意同上。take a deep breath 为固定短语，意为“深吸一口气”，故填breath。Passage 2(2014广东卷)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _1_ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months _2_ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _3_(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _4_ for the week after. I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _6_ the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was _7_(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little _10_(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.答案与解析本文讲述了“我”和弟弟去迈阿密旅游所遇到的意外和惊喜。1it句意：曾经去过那里的一些朋友说那里是一个非常棒的度假胜地。设空处指代上文提到的Miami，故填it。2earlier句意：我们提前六个月就预订好了，但是前台工作人员告诉我们出了点差错。本句出现了过去完成时，可以断定此处指六个月之前就预订好了宾馆。earlier 意为“提早的”，在此修饰six months。3were told句意：我们被告知我们的房间不是为了那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期订的。主语we和动词tell 之间为被动关系，且文章主要时态是过去时，故填were told。4but本题考查but 的用法。句意见上题解析。not.but. 为固定短语，意为“不是而是”。故填but。5why句意：我不明白为什么会发生这样的事情，而且我的信用卡也早已因预订扣了款。根据语义可知填why。6for句意见上题解析。charge sb./sth. for sth. 为固定短语，意为“因而向某人/物收取费用”。故填for。7surprisingly句意：她出人意料地给我们提供了(热情)的帮助。修饰形容词应用副词形式，故填surprisingly。8the句意：经理向我们道歉并把一间备用的顶楼的VIP房间给了我们。top 具有序数词的语义特点，序数词前要加定冠词the。故填the。9where句意：第二天，我和弟弟去了海边，在那里看人们打排球。先行词是地点名词beach，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。10sunburnt/sunburned句意：虽然有点被太阳灼伤，但是那一天我们过得是如此的惬意，根本不在乎这一点小事。动词用于get 之后常用过去分词形式，表被动。故填sunburnt。Passage 3(2014课标全国卷)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _1_ (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _2_ (actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _3_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _4_ even a few months. It took years of work _5_ (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _6_ (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _7_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _8_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _9_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _10_ (patience)答案与解析本文是一篇议论文。当人们面对看似难以改变的现状的时候该如何应对？凯霍加河的污染处理给了我们很好的答案：要努力且有耐心。1was句意：把这条河清理干净是难以想象的。根据语境可知，此处应为过去时，主语是单数。故填was。2actually句意：河水污染如此严重，以至于河面都能着火并燃烧起来。本空修饰动词，应用副词形式。故填actually。3the句意：数年后，这条河成为了环境改善的最佳典范。最高级前要用定冠词，故填the。4or句意：但是，河水不是在几天或是几个月内变清澈的。本空前后为选择关系，都是指一段时间，且用于否定句中，故填or。5to reduce句意：减少工业污染，清理河道花了数年时间。It takes/took some time to do sth. 为固定句型，意为“做某事花费多长时间”。故填to reduce。6cleaner句意：终于，努力有了回报，现在的河水比以前干净了。“比较级than.”为比较级的固定结构。故填cheaner。7that/which句意：或许你有一个能使家人抓狂的习惯。空后是定语从句，修饰先行词habit。当先行词是物时，定语从句可以用that 或者which引导。8amazing句意：尽管有很多迅速改变的惊人事例，但是对于我们大多数人来说，改变是渐近的，是需要很多的努力才能实现的。修饰名词要用形容词，故填amazing。9changes句意同上。空后be动词是复数，因此设空处应为名词的复数。故填changes。10patient句意：只要耐心点就好。系动词后要用形容词，故填patient。Passage 4(2014课标全国卷)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _1_ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _2_ some of them looked very anxious and _3_ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _4_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _5_ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _6_ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _7_ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“_8_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _9_ (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _10_ (sudden) became friendly to one another.答案与解析本文讲述的是在作者上学途中发生的一件事。一个男孩为了归还一名乘客落下的手提箱，骑车追了公交车一站路。车上的每个人都对此事感触颇多。1being句意：一天早上，我正在等公交车，担心上学会迟到。介词后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故填being。2and句意：有很多人在车站等车，而且其中一些人看起来很焦急、失望。空前后为递进关系，故填and。3disappointedand 前后成分一致，而且主语为人，故此空填过去分词形式的形容词disappointed，意为“感到失望的”。4to句意：我呆在一个挨着窗户的地方。next to 为固定短语，意为“紧挨着”。故填to。5caught句意：一个骑车的男孩引起了我的注意。文章在讲述一个故事，要用一般过去时，故填caught。6to stop句意：直到我们到了下一站，司机才停下车。refuse 后接动词不定式作宾语，意为“拒绝做某事”。7riding句意：然而，男孩一直在骑车(追赶)。keep 后接动名词作宾语，意为“持续做某事”，故填riding。8Did句意：有人在上一站丢了一个手提箱么？表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时；与谓语动词对应的助动词要用do 的某种形式，故填Did。9me/mine此句可以理解为“是我(丢了箱子)”，故填人称代词宾格me；可以理解为“是我的(箱子)”，故填名词性物主代词mine。10suddenly句意：这群陌生人突然变得彼此友好起来。修饰动词became 要用副词形式，故填suddenly。模拟精选Passage 1(2014吉林九校联合体二模)When I was a little girl, every time my dad was repairing something，he _1_ ask me to hold the hammer, and meanwhile, have a conversation with me. I never saw my dad drinking or taking a night out. All he did after work was taking care of his family.I grew up and left home for college and _2_ then，my dad had been calling me every Sunday morning, no matter what. Several years later I bought a house, _3_ my dad painted by himself for three days in the 80degree summer heat. All he asked was _4_ me to talk to him. But I was always busy, _5_ (able) to find any time for conversation with him.One Sunday morning we had a telephone talk as usual. I noticed that my dad had forgotten some things we discussed lately. I was in a hurry, so our conversation was short. Later that day came a call _6_ (say) my father was in hospital. Immediately I bought a ticket for a flight and on my way I was thinking about all the _7_ (miss) occasions to have a talk with my dad._8_ the time I got to hospital, my father had passed away. Now it was _9_ who did not have time for a conversation with me. I realized _10_ little I know about my dad，his deepest thoughts and dreams. After his death I learned more about him, and even more about myself.答案与解析父亲有一个习惯，修东西时总是让“我”拿着锤子和“我”聊天。上大学后父亲每个周日都会给“我”打电话和“我”聊天。他所需要的仅仅是和“我”聊天而已，而“我”却总是很忙。如今，父亲已过世，想和他聊天，人却已不在。1would考查情态动词。would do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。句意：当我还是一个小女孩的时候，每次爸爸修东西，都会让我拿着锤子，和我说说话。由句意可知，应填would。2since考查介词。“then”在句中指代的是“我长大后离开家上大学”这个时间点。根据后文内容“无论发生什么，父亲都会在每个周日早上给我打电话”可以推断，父亲的这个动作发生在“从那时以来”，故填since。3which考查定语从句。先行词为a house，指物，且定语从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。4for考查介词。for在本句中意为“对于”，表对象。句意：他想要的仅仅是让我和他说说话。5unable考查形容词。主句提到“我”总是很忙，由此推断，因此“不能”找时间和父亲说说话。故填unable，形容词短语在句中做结果状语。6saying考查非谓语动词。saying在句中做定语，修饰其前的名词“a call”，两者构成主谓关系，故填saying。7missed考查非谓语动词。“missed(错过的)”在句中做定语，与所修饰的名词“时刻”之间构成动宾关系，故用miss的过去分词形式。8By考查固定搭配。“By the time.”为固定句型，意为“到时候”。句意：等我到达医院的时候，我父亲已经去世了。9he考查强调句中的主语。由上文内容可知，父亲已过世，由此推断，现在是父亲没有时间和“我”说话了。10how考查副词。“我”意识到了对于父亲、他内心深处的想法以及梦想，“我”了解得有多么少。由句意可知，应填how，意为“多么”，修饰其后的形容词little。Passage 2(2014长春第三次调研)The task of being accepted in a university begins early for some students. Long before they graduate _1_ high school, these students take special courses to prepare for advanced study. They may also take one or more examinations that test _2_ well prepared they are for the university. In the final year of high school，they complete _3_ (apply) and send them to the universities _4_ interest them most. Some high school students may be required to have _5_ interview with people from the university. _6_ (neat) dressed and a little bit frightened, they are determined to show that they have a good attitude and the ability to succeed.If the new students _7_ (accept), many universities will offer an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures for students advising, university rules, the use of the library and all the _8_ major services of the university.Beginning a new life in a new place can be very _9_ (puzzle). The more knowledge students have about the school, the easier _10_ will be for them to adapt to the new environment. However，it takes time to get used to college life.答案与解析一些学生在上大学之前就开始了一系列的准备工作：上一些专门开设的课程、考试来测试自己的准备情况或者参加大学的面试。被录取后，他们可以尽快地了解学校的相关信息，尽早适应大学生活。1from考查介词。graduate from.为固定搭配，表示“毕业于”。2how考查副词。句意：他们可能参加一次或者更多的考试，用以检验自己为上大学准备得怎样。由句意可知，应填副词how，修饰其后的副词well。3application考查名词。complete 为及物动词，后接apply 的名词形式application 做宾语。4that/which考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为universities，指物，用that/which 引导。5an考查冠词。句意：一些高中生可能被要求接受大学的面试。此处用an 表示泛指。6Neatly考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用neat 的副词形式neatly。7are accepted考查谓语动词。if 条件句用一般现在时表示将来，“学生”与“录用”的关系为动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。8other考查形容词。上文列举了一系列步骤，下文应是“其他”的相关服务。9puzzling考查形容词。空处在句中做表语，修饰主语“Beginning a new life”。句意：在一个新的地方开始新的生活是令人迷惑的。故用puzzling。10it考查代词。“it”在句中做形式主语，代替“to adapt to the new environment”。Passage 3(2014河南濮阳统一摸底)Some kids may assume that college is very much like their strict high school. But _1_ (actual) there are lots of freedom at college: Theres much more latitude (回旋余地，自由) in _2_ (choose) courses to take, _3_ students can focus primarily on subjects that interest them. Their schedule will vary widely, too. Some days they may have no _4_ (course) until noon. Most courses may only meet three times a week. These are interesting details that not every youngster is aware of.In _5_ (add), students will meet many, many new friends. Theyll be in a community，_6_ almost everyone is roughly the same age. Colleges _7_ (type) feature scores of clubs, sports, and others activities and thus students arent likely to be bored. Instead of being out in the working world，theyll be among new friends, _8_ (take) many courses that interest them and enjoying a rich _9_ (society) life.Another compelling(有强烈吸引力的) point is financial. According to the estimated figures, those who have received a college education will make to ones earning power. Obviously a good job today requires _10_ least a college education.答案与解析本文主要讲述了上大学的乐趣。1actually考查副词。空处在句中做状语，修饰主句的情况，故用actual的副词形式。2choosing考查非谓语动词。in为介词，其应用v.ing形式，故填choosing。3and考查连词。学生在选择要上的课程上更加自由和首先关注感兴趣的课程之间为并列关系，故用并列连词and。4courses考查名词。“have no”相当于“doesnt have”，单数可数名词在使用时，其前无定语修饰，应使用其复数形式，故填courses。5addition考查固定搭配。in addition表示“此外”，为固定搭配。6where考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为community，表地点，再分析定语从句，句子成分完整，故填关系副词where。7typically考查副词。空处在句中修饰其后的动词feature，故用其副词形式。句意：大学典型地以很多的社团，运动会和其他的活动为特征。8taking考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做状语，其逻辑主语为they，两者构成主谓关系，故用现在分词形式taking。9social考查形容词。空处在句中做定语，修饰其后的名词life，故用其形容词形式。10at考查固定搭配。at least表示“至少”，为固定搭配。Passage 4(2014河南适应性训练)Dear Diary，Sorry I didnt get to write last night! It was such a busy day，and I was _1_ tired to write anything.I was right about Sarah not being okay. Yesterday, she _2_ (bare) spoke to me，and anything she did say was a “yes” or “no” answer. I _3_ (try) so hard to get her to cheer up，but of course she just kept saying, “Im fine，Im fine. ”Uggh! I wish she _4_ honest with me! Im always honest with her! Its not fair!Jane also seemed mad all day _5_ she could tell that Sarah was not really being nice to her. I hate _6_ (be) in the middle of all of this. What am I _7_ (suppose) to do? Sarahs been my friend since forever, and Jane is my new friend, and I dont want to hurt _8_ (anyone) feelings! But I think that Jane is right about Sarah. Im worried she was saying mean(刻薄的) things _9_ Sarah to our other friends when she didnt know the truth，but I dont want to tell her that to her face.I wish _10_ (thing) were simple like they were in elementary school.答案与解析作者的老朋友Sarah情绪低落，对作者的态度十分冷淡，并且对作者的新朋友Jane态度也十分不友好。作者担心Jane会对他人说Sarah的坏话却又不能对Jane直说，进退两难的作者多希望一切会像上小学时一样简单。1too“too.to.”表示“太而不能”。句意：昨天很忙，我太累了，什么也没写。2barely修饰动词spoke应用副词，故填barely。3tried由上文内容可知，本句叙述的是昨天的事情，故用一般过去时。4would be/had been/were句意：我希望她会对我坦诚相待。句中并没有指明具体的时间状语，故三种形式均可，分别表示对将来、过去和现在事实相反的虚拟。5becauseJane似乎一整天也很抓狂，因为她也看得出Sarah对她不友好。由句意可知，应填because，引导原因状语从句。6being/to behate后可接“doing”与“to do”两种形式做宾语。7supposedbe supposed to do sth.表示“应该做某事”。8anyones空格处在句中做定语，修饰其后的名词feelings，故应用anyones。9aboutabout“关于”。句意：我担心她会说一些关于Sarah的刻薄的话语。由句意可知，应填about。10things空格处后的谓语动词为复数，故宾语从句的主语应用复数形式things。Passage 5(2014河南南丘二模)How Do Learning Habits Influence Learning Results?Its useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. There is a famous saying “Good habits lead to good endings.”， _1_ shows the importance of habits.“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” also shows how a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body. Thus, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results _2_ (include) high scores and abundant knowledge. At first, learning habits form our ways of thinking and _3_ (attitude) to the content of our learning. Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. As we _4_ see，developing a good habit is so important _5_ I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habitskeeping a learning diary every day. We can start the habit by _6_ (write) learning summaries and remember to record something impressive and _7_(meaning). Keep _8_ in mind，and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.Whats more，I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate _9_ reading for a short time and I _10_ (conquer) this problem by spending more effort on concentration practice.I believe that through my efforts，I can gain good learning results by having good habits.答案与解析本文主要向我们讲述了好的学习习惯会影响学习效率。1which考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Good habits lead to good endings”这句话，故用which。2including考查非谓语动词。空处在句中做定语，修饰前面的名词learning results，两者构成主谓关系，故用including。3attitudes考查名词。“form”后有两个并列的名词做宾语，其一是“ways”，其二应用“attitude”的复数形式。4can考查固定句型。“As we can see”表示“正如我们看到的那样”。5that考查连词。“养成一种好的习惯如此重要以至于我想介绍一种好的学习习惯”。由句意可知，that 引导结果状语从句，与so 构成“so.that.”句型，表示“如此以至于”。6writing考查非谓语动词。介词后应使用v.ing形式。7meaningful考查形容词。修饰不定代词时，形容词后置，“impressive”与“meaningful”同时修饰something。8it考查代词。it 指代前文“如何养成习惯”这件事。9on考查介词。concentrate on. 表示“集中注意力于”。10will conquer考查时态。克服这个问题是将来的事情，故用一般将来时。Passage 6(2014河南南阳第三次联考)On a very cold evening，an old man was waiting for a ride across the river. He saw several horsemen pass by but he didnt ask for any help. The wait seemed _1_ (end). Then came another rider，the old man _2_ (catch) his eye and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor？” Stopping his horse, he replied, “Of course.” Almost _3_ (freeze)，the old man could not get _4_ the ground. The horseman helped him onto his horse. He took the old man not just across the river, _5_ to his home. “Sir，you didnt even ask the other riders for help, why? What _6_ I had said no and left you there？” the horseman asked. The old man looked at him straight in the eyes and said, “I looked into their eyes. I found they didnt care, _7_ told me it would be useless，but when I looked into _8_， I saw kindness.” These words touched the rider deeply. “Thank you for _9_ youve said. I hope I will never be too busy to help others.” With that，Thomas Jefferson，the _10_ (three) president of the US，turned his horse around and went away.答案与解析本文讲述了美国第三任总统好心帮助一位老者过河的故事，彰显了他的高贵品质：再忙也要帮助他人。1endless考查形容词。seem为系动词，其后可用名词/形容词做表语，上文提到，他看到几个骑马人经过却未寻求帮助，由此可以推知，等待是“漫长的”，故用endless。2caught考查时态。根据后文的“said”可以推知，此处陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。3frozen考查形容词。形容词在句中做状语，可以描述主语的状态。故此处应填“frozen”，表示老人(因长时间的等待)冻僵了。4off考查介词。句意：老人几乎冻僵了，无法从地面上移开步伐。表示“从离开”，应用介词off。5but考查固定搭配。“not just.but.”表示“不仅而且”。句意：他不仅把这位老人运过河，还把他送回家。6if考查固定句型。“what if.？”为固定句型，表示“要是会怎样？”。7which考查定语从句。先行词为they didnt care，指一件事，且此处为非限制性定语从句，故用which，在句中做主语。8yours考查代词。yours与前文中的their eyes相对，指yom eyes。后半句句意：但是当我注视着你的眼睛的时候，我看到了友善。9what考查连词。for后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，且由句意“谢谢你所说的话”可推知，该空应填what。10third考查序数词。序数词、最高级前常用the修饰，且由常识可知，Thomas Jefferson为美国第三任总统，故填third。Passage 7(2014山西第三次四校联考)Do you like travelling? Staying _1_ (health) while _2_ (travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. _3_ you are travelling abroad, here are the tips you need to make your trip much _4_ (easy)Make sure you have got signed passports(护照) and visas. Also，before you go, fill in the emergency information page of your passport! Make two copies of your passport identification page. This will help a lot if your passport _5_ (steal). Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives. Carry the other _6_ you in a separate place from your passport.Read the Public Announcements or Travel Warnings for the countries you plan to visit. Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to _7_ you are travelling.Leave a copy of your itinerary (旅行计划) with family or friends at home so that you can be contacted in case of an emergency.Do not accept packages from strangers. Do not carry too much money or _8_ (necessary) credit cards. If we make enough _9_ (prepare), we will succeed. Have _10_ good time!答案与解析本文主要就旅行时如何保持身体健康提出了几点建议。1healthy考查形容词。句意：在旅行的时候保持身体健康可以确保你享有一个快乐而又舒适的旅行。stay healthy“保持身体健康”。2travelling考查非谓语动词。此处省略了主语和谓语you are，故用travel的现在分词形式。3If/When/While考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此空既可以用引导条件状语从句的If“如果”，也可以用引导时间状语从句的When/While。4easier考查形容词的比较级。由空前的much可知，此处应用easy的比较级形式。5is stolen考查时态和语态。passport和steal是逻辑上的动宾关系，
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