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家人、朋友与周围的人.单词拼写1.Not wanting to depend on her parents for a living, my cousin(堂姐) took up two part-time jobs in her spare time.2.Eventually，the couple(一对夫妻) found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had lost forever.(2018江苏)3.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very familiar(熟悉的).(2018全国)4.In my opinion, honesty is the most important part of lasting friendship(友谊)，which is why I hate being cheated.5.We seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation(一代) of farmers from all backgrounds.(2018江苏)6.When meetings are one-to-one，if the host(主人) offers you coffee，you should refuse.7.Though they have never had a serious quarrel(争吵)，the mutual indifference caused the couple to drift apart.8.The company was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate(单独的) set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.(2017全国)9.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect(尊敬)，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.(2016全国)10.Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding(误解) of traditions.They think traditions mean old things from the past.单句语法填空1.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely(close) related.(2018江苏)2.Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery(deliver).(2017江苏)3.But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage(marry) and was healthier.(2016天津)4.Looking around，he hoped he might find an old box，a rock，or with luck，even a ladder，but it was a tidy neighbourhood(neighbour) and there was nothing he could use.5.Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week，discover new personal(person) qualities，and learn new skills.(2018全国)6.The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads，leaving public land in between privately(private) owned land.7.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively(relative) few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by small numbers.(2018全国)8.Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment(treat)，she finally became healthy.(2016天津)9.A team made up only of “yes men” can make disastrous decisions that few people honestly agreed with in the first place.10.We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance(distant) to take the shower and use the bathroom.(2017全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Kate，whose sister I shared a room when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.2.After I had quarrel with my husband，I realized that I wasnt going to feel any better just sitting there.3.She was married a lawyer.4.A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water so much that she had had it from the pump to her house every day.5.The students who have graduated from Beijing University are invited to a reception by Professor Smith.选词填空1.Races of different religion and culture should be able to be on good terms with each other.2.Norton Sound，a frozen body of water，was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning.(2016北京)3.Brought up in a family with great academic atmosphere, Hawking was admired for his vast intelligence and wisdom.4.Thinking hard about it，I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were depending on me.(2018天津)5.As a team，we should possess good communication skills and get along with each other.6.The driver examined the engine carefully in case it went wrong on the way.7.If you cannot overcome the obstacles with joint efforts，you had better go your separate ways as early as possible.8.It is a common practice for Britons to send cards to keep in touch with people that they do not know well or they do not see very often.9.Seniors may fear to leave cherished belongings behind or being unable to make friends in a new setting.10.Many people often handle these things separately and fail to see how they all relate to one another.同义词语替换1.The conference will also foster relations between the U.S.and Chinese governments by providing valuable research opportunities.promote/strengthen2.Try not to speak to him when he is absorbed in reading.is buried in3.The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.(2017全国)firm4.Standing on a stage in front of a group of people to deliver a speech certainly calls for great courage.give5.You can depend on her，who always keeps her promises.rely on/upon (1)keep sb. companyaccompany sb. 陪伴某人in the company of在的陪伴下(2) accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与同时发生；为伴奏accompany sb. to sp.陪伴某人去某地accompany sb. at/on.用为某人伴奏be accompanied with/by与同时存在或发生；伴随(3)companion n.伙伴；同伴(1)Whats more，I have accumulated related experience by working part-time in a travel agency，accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.(2018浙江)(2)While she was singing on the stage，her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano.(3)The disease is accompanied with/by(伴随) sneezing and fever.(4)同义句改写I shall accompany him to Beijing.He shall go to Beijing in the company of me.(company)易错点拨(1)accompany是及物动词，不要在其后误加介词with，如不说：Thunder accompanies with lightning.但是，用于被动语态的accompany后可接介词with或by。(2)accompany习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语，如：He accompanied her to go to the station.中应去掉to go。 (1)deliver.to sb. 把传递给某人(deliver后不跟双宾语)deliver a speech发表演说be delivered of(give birth to)生(2)delivery n.传递，递送，传送(1)On Sunday afternoon，I was reading my favorite book when the doorbell rang.It was a package delivered(deliver) to Mum.(2018北京西城区质检)(2)The king delivered a speech(发表讲话) to the nation on November 5.(3)Would you deliver my message to your mother(传口信给你母亲)?图解助记易错点拨“接生”可表示为：deliver the baby使婴儿出生deliver the woman帮助孕妇分娩 sb. be familiar with.某人对熟悉.be familiar to sb. 为某人熟悉(1)You seem to be familiar with this city.I lived here for three years.Its so great to be back.(2018北京朝阳区二模)(2)同义句改写Are you familiar with the computer software they use?Is the computer software they use familiar to you? (3)我相信，这些捐赠的书籍不仅会让你更加熟悉中国，而且会帮助提高你的中文。(2015天津)I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but also help enhance your Chinese. marry vt.嫁；娶；与结婚vi.结婚(1)marry sb. /oneself to sb. 让与结婚；把嫁给(2)married adj.已婚的；有配偶的be married to与结婚(表状态)get married to与结婚(表动作)(3)marriage n.结婚；婚姻(1)Mr Green wanted to marry his daughter to a rich man.(2)In a good marriage(marry)，both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.(3)Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter settle down，get married(结婚)，and have kids.(2017天津)易错点拨问某个人是否结婚，实际是要了解他(她)的婚姻状态，即已婚还是未婚，所以应用形容词married(表示状态)，而不用marry(表行为)，如将“她结婚没有？”译成英语是“Is she married？”不能是“Does she marry？”或“Has she married？”。 (1)have a quarrel with sb. about/over sth.因某事和某人争吵(2)quarrel with sb. about/over sth.因某事和某人争吵(1)On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling(quarrel) and fighting.(2)Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned into a horrible quarrel.(3)同义句改写After they quarreled with each other about/over their work，they began to realize someone was to blame.After they had a quarrel with each other about/over their work，they began to realize someone was to blame.(quarrel n.) respect vt.尊重；尊敬n.尊重；尊敬；问候；方面(1)have/show respect for尊敬；尊重；重视in every respect/in all respects在各方面out of respect出于尊敬(2)respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊重某人(3)respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的respectable adj.可敬的；体面的respective adj.各自的(1)According to his students，he is a hard-working and respectable(respect) teacher.在学生眼里，他是一位勤勉可敬的老师。(2)He went to law school out of respect for his fathers wishes.他出于尊重父亲的愿望而去了法学院。(3)We should show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them.(2018湖北荆州模拟)我们应该尊重我们的父母，尽我们所能帮助他们。熟词生义写出句子中respect的汉语意思(4)In many respects the new version is not as good as the old one.方面易错点拨respect作“问候；敬意”讲时，常用复数形式。如：Give my respects to your parents.代我问候你的父母。 separate v.把分开；分隔adj.分开的；单独的；独立的(1)separate A from B把A和B分开divide.into.把分成(2)separation n.分开；分离；分居(1)Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens.(2018全国)去年冬天，当我再次去那里的时候，他们有一个很大的独立房屋来饲养许多鸡。(2)I separated the good apples from the bad ones and she divided the best into halves.我把好苹果和坏苹果分开，然后她把最好的分成了两半。熟词生义选择句子中separate的汉语意思(3)Millies parents separated when she was five years old. C A.分类 B.区分 C.(夫妻或伴侣)分居treat n.招待；款待v.对待；治疗；款待；请客(1)treat sb. as.把某人看作treat sb. to sth.招待某人吃；用款待某人treat sb. with.以方式对待某人(2)My treat.我请客。(3)treatment n.治疗；处理；待遇under treatment在治疗中(1)Police say theyre treating it as a case of attempted murder.(2)It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.(2018浙江)(3)Weve got to treat people with respect and dignity.(4)She is now under treatment in a local hospital. break down出故障；垮掉；分解；(谈判)破裂break in (in为介词) 破门而入；打断break into强行闯入；突然起来(n.)break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；突然起来(doing)break away from脱离；挣脱写出下列句子中break up的汉语意思(1)Police were called in to break up the meeting.解散，驱散(2)My girlfriend has broken up with me.分手(3)Sentences can be broken up into clauses.拆开(4)When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假(5)The ship broke up on the rocks.粉碎，破碎 bring about引起；导致bring down降低；减少bring in带进来；有收入；赚得；引入bring out使显现；阐明；出版写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思(1)Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.抚养(2)Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出(3)Joe brought up what he had eaten.呕吐 (1)depend on/upon sb. to do/doing.依靠某人做depend on sb. for sth.依靠某人提供depend on/upon it that.指望；相信(2)It/That (all) depends.视情况而定。(1)Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending(depend) on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.(2018全国)(2)There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on(完全依赖) the ratings in consumption.(2018江苏)(3)一句多译你可以指望他来帮你。You can depend on/upon him to help you.You can depend on/upon him helping you.You can depend on/upon it that he will help you.易错点拨因为介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，故depend on/upon后跟that从句时，先在介词后接it，再跟that从句，即depend on/upon it that.。 in common共有；共用；共同in common with与一样common sense常识；情理It is common for sb. to do.某人做某事很平常。(1)It is quite common for people to do things like this.(2)For more than six million American children，coming home after school means coming home to an empty house.All of them have something in common(有共同之处).(3)I must say，in common with(与一样) Helen，that I strongly oppose the proposal.(4)They had nothing in common(没有共同之处) with me.(2017全国) make up for弥补；补偿be made up of由组成(构成)be made of/from由制成be made into把制成be made out of由制成make it获得成功；约定时间写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思(1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成(2)I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造(3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上(5)They had a violent quarrel yesterday，but quickly made up again.和好(6)一句多译我们班由56名同学组成。Our class is made up of 56 students.(be made up of)56 students make up our class.(make up)Our class consists of 56 students.(consist of)Our class is composed of 56 students.(be composed of)易错点拨make up表示“组成，构成”时，其被动语态为be made up of，而不是be made up by。 (1) relate v.有关；涉及；使联系；讲述，叙述relate.to.把和联系起来(2)related adj.有关的；相关的(be) related to有关系的；有关联的(3)relation n.关系；联系；亲属in relation to关于；与相比(1)Deeply related to the matters，he has to answer all the related questions.(relate)(2)Your statement doesnt relate well to the facts.(3)I have nothing to say in relation to(关于；relation)that matter.However busy we may be，we should spare some time to accompany our parents.无论我们可能会多忙，我们都应该抽出时间来陪陪父母。(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。(2)“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。(3)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。(1)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018全国)锻炼使你更清醒，无论这一天发生什么，都能够让你做好准备去应对。(2)一句多译无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。However far away we are，we feel close to each other.(however)No matter how far away we are，we feel close to each other.(no matter how)(3)这个故事的寓意是：无论处境可能有多困难，我们都应该不遗余力地获取知识，并且永远不要轻易气馁。(2015福建)The moral of the story is：we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how/however difficult the situation may be.The more friends we have，the more pleasure we can gain.我们拥有的朋友越多，我们能获得的快乐也就越多。(1)“the比较级.，the比较级.”意为“越就越”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看，第一个“the比较级.”是表示条件的状语从句，第二个“the比较级.”是主句。在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。(3)本结构中常用省略结构。(1)The more，the better.越多越好。(2)The more difficult the questions are，the less likely he is to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。(3)同义句改写If you study harder，you will make greater progress in your study.(用“the比较级.，the比较级.”改写)The harder you study，the greater progress you will make in your study.Born into a family with three brothers，Tom was brought up to value the sense of sharing.出生在有三个哥哥的家庭里，汤姆从小就被培养重视分享的意识。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。(1)Built of steel，this machine has a greater strength.由于这台机器是用钢造的，它具有更大的强度。(2)Stopped by the guard，he produced his identity card.当被卫兵拦住后，他出示了自己的身份证。句式升级(3)The woman scientist entered the room，who was followed by her assistants.The woman scientist entered the room，followed by her assistants.(4)The book was clearly and thoughtfully written，and it inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2017全国，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didnt like his agent.C.He wasnt famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”把“我们”两人连在一起，故选A项。27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.答案B解析写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员Paul Newman之间的友谊。文章的脉络如下：.微观排障长难句分析The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.句式分析：The friendship had its root in the fact是主干句；第一个that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；第二个that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容；此外，同位语从句中还含有一个although引导的让步状语从句。 翻译：拍那部电影和四年后拍The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊都源于这样一个事实，即虽然我们存在年龄差异，但我们都来自戏剧和直播电视的传统。.词汇积累1.director n.导演2.stand up for替说话；维护3.grow out of 产生于4.respectful adj.恭敬的5.dig into探究；钻研6.virtue n.美德；德行7.be typical of特有的；一贯如此的8.aggressive adj.好战的；好斗的；有进取心的9.affection n.喜爱；爱慕10.support vt.支持排除干扰项，找正确答案阅读理解题的题目设置大部分是细节理解题。在完成细节理解题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如25题中的A项“They were of the same age.”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句中的“although there was an age difference”可知，两人年龄悬殊，不同岁，说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： 1.张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2.偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 3.无中生有。干扰项往往是生活中的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 (2018浙江)Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat，clean，and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape，you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk，take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. 34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. 35 By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.A.In general，keep an e
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