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Unit 5 工作与职业.单词拼写 1.The study raises the possibility(可能性) that dieting is bad for your health.2.The Center offers programs designed to challenge(挑战) and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.(2018北京)3.Students are encouraged to take control(控制) of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.4.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake(承担) voluntary work and what keeps their interest in the work.5.In order to impress at a job interview，you need to bond with the interviewer(主持面试者) right away.6.Catherine was supposed to go with me.But she may have to work extra(额外的) hours tomorrow.7.Any given performance(表演)takes a tour bus full of artists，technical experts，managers，musicians，or writers to create an appealing piece of art.8.I paused to catch my breath and then positioned(使自己站在) myself to take the best photo of this panorama.(2017天津)9.A recommendation letter is often your earliest written contact with a potential(潜在的) employer, creating a critical first impression.10.The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July in order to promote(推动) the development of robotics.(2018天津).单句语法填空1.The appointment(appoint) was given to Tom，mainly for political reasons.2.Painters，digital media experts，photographers，booking agents and promoters are hired(hire) to sell tickets and promote the event.(2018江苏) 3.Medium color choices are generally(general) furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves.(2018全国)4.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC，with many seeking employment(employ) in engineering，aviation，education，medicine and a wide variety of other professions.(2018北京)5.Becky,12 at the time，adjusted(adjust) to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.6.Hes been given six months to live if he doesnt quit drinking(drink).7.The architecture(architect) in the town centre is a successful combination of old and new. 8.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant(assist) in class whose creativity would infect other students.(2016全国)9.They also provide educational(educate) programs on fire safety in the residence halls.(2018天津)10.Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers(design) approach this important point.(2018全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1. by his last letter，she must be from Shanghai.2.Stern put Travis in the charge of the research team.3.All traffic controllers are threatening to go on a strike.4.Im looking forward to the art gallery next week.5.Our teacher required that we attention to our handwriting.选词填空1.Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，one of the best universities in China.(2018北京)2.As we look ahead，lets remember what in the end were working to achieve.3.I was occupied with going over my lessons for my final exam when he phoned to invite me out for dinner.4.Within a short time，however，the burden of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.5.I watched for the desert sunsets，and hunted for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean floor.(2016浙江)6.Such is Dadwhatever problem he meets with，he never gives up.7.Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.8.The factory laid off 100 workers last month because of the bad situation.同义词语替换1.Caroline doesnt have a gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work.musical ability2.Owens came in and took control of the situation.took charge of3.Space exploration may help us avoid possible issues on earth.potential problems4.This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.cooperation5.The questions in a job interview are usually designed to find out how the candidates handle the tricky situations in the past.deal with6.He always dreams of becoming an expert in the field of agriculture.in the area of apply vt.涂；敷；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；专心致志(1)apply (to sb. ) for sth. (向某人)申请某物apply to适用于apply sth. to sth. 把某物应用/涂抹于apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于(2)application n.申请(书)；应用applicant n.申请人(1)The new technology，if applied(apply) to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.(2)Applicants(apply) are required to have a degree in dance area，teaching experience at a professional or college level，ability to direct and teach stage movement.(2018河南南阳模拟)(3)He has applied to the school for scholarship.句式升级(4)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，youll soon finish it.Applying yourself to the job in hand，youll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Apply yourself to the job in hand，and youll soon finish it.(用“祈使句and陈述句”改写) (1)appoint sb. as/to be.任命某人为appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointment n.约会；预约；任命，委任by appointment按照约定have/make/fix an appointment (with sb. )(与某人)预约/约会keep/break an appointment守/违约(3)appointed adj.指定的；约定的(1)The manager appointed him to receive(receive) the businessman.(2)They ignored the appointed(appoint) time and left their homes only after the fixed time.(3) Good morning，Mr Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.(2018北京)(4)A new engineer was appointed(appoint) to deal with the products returned by customers.(2018北京西城区模拟)句式升级(5)He was appointed as president of the university yesterday.He is giving a speech on the platform now.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Appointed as president of the university yesterday，he is giving a speech on the platform now.易错点拨表示委任某人担任某职务时，要分清两种情况：(1)若指的是抽象的职位(如position，office，presidency，chairmanship等)，则用“appoint sb. to抽象职位”。(2)若指的是具体的某职位(如headmaster，manager，chairman，president等)，则用“appoint sb. (to be/as)具体职位”。如：Who shall we appoint (to be/as) chairman of the club？Who shall we appoint to the chairmanship of the club？我们派谁担任俱乐部的主席呢？ (1)earn ones living谋生earn sb. sth. 使某人得到(2)earnings n.收入；工资；利润(1)The companys earnings(earn) have dropped by 5% in the first quarter.公司第一季度的利润下降了5%。(2)He used to earn his living by fishing.他过去靠打渔为生。(3)His honesty has earned him respect.他的诚实已经为他自己赢得了尊敬。 (1)employ sb. to do.雇用某人做employ.as.雇用当employ oneself in (doing).从事，忙于be employed in (doing).从事，忙于(2)employment n.雇用；职业；就业in employment在业，有工作out of employment失业(3)employer n.雇主，老板employee n.雇工，雇员(1)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees(employ) enjoy their work.(2)John has been out of employment(失业) for three years.句式升级(3)He was employed in reading and he didnt see Tom come in.Employed in reading，he didnt see Tom come in.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Employing himself in reading，he didnt see Tom come in.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) hire vt.雇用；租用n.U租用；雇用(1)hire out出租(2)on hire已出租for hire供出租(1)At work，it is IQ that gets you hired(hire) but it is EQ that gets you promoted.(2)There is a growing tendency among employers to hire(hire) casual staff.(3)There were motorcycles for hire. (1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事inform sb. that.通知某人(2)informed adj.消息灵通的；见多识广的keep sb. informed of/about.随时通知某人；使某人知道(1)On March 19，Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby.(2018全国)(2)He has been informed(inform) that he doesnt qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江苏)(3)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about(通知我们) his delay in case we got worried.(4)同义句改写He informed the company of the ships safe arrival.(改为复合句)He informed the company that the ship had arrived safely.易错点拨inform后不接双宾语，也不用于inform sth. to sb. 。要表示“告诉某人某事”，通常用inform sb. of/about sth. 。inform的宾语通常只能是人，所以当后接从句时，其前的sb. 不能省略。 (1)She worked hard and was promoted(promote) from a saleswoman to a middle manager.(2)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.熟词生义选择句子中promote的汉语意思(3)They are promoting their new products on television. A A.推销；促销B.促进C.提升 (1)recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物recommend sb. for/as/to be.推荐某人为recommend doing sth. 建议(劝告)做某事recommend sb. to do sth. 劝告某人做某事recommend that.(should) do.建议(2)recommendation n.推荐；建议；介绍信(1)Can you recommend a good dictionary to me? (2)I would never recommend using(use) a sunbed on a regular basis.(3)I will be glad if you can consider my recommendation(recommend).一句多译(4)我建议他买这本书。 I recommend him to buy this book. I recommend that he (should) buy this book. 同义句改写(5)What is recommended in the regulation is that one should not tell other people the password of his/her e-mail account.It is recommended in the regulation that one should not tell other people the password of his/her e-mail account. (1)take responsibility for对有责任；对负责It is sb. s responsibility to do sth. 做是某人的职责。a sense of responsibility责任感(2)responsible adj.负责的，可靠的；负有责任的，应负责任的be responsible for对(某行为)负责；是的原因(1)Its important to teach your teen how to behave responsibly(responsible).(2)It was her responsibility that all members (should) be informed(inform).(3)同义句改写We are the ones who are responsible for our life and future.We are the ones who take responsibility for our life and future.熟词生义选择句子中responsible的汉语意思(4)The chemical is directly responsible for those deaths. C A.尽责的B.懂道理的C.引起的易错点拨responsibility后接that从句时，从句通常要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do。 (1)require sth. of sb. 要求某人某事require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事sth. require(s) doing/to be done某事需要It is required that.(should) do.要求(2)requirement n.要求；必要条件；需要meet/satisfy ones requirements满足某人的要求(1)The minimum requirement(require) for the post was a degree in engineering.(2)They were required to give(give) quick responses.(3)His house requires repairing/to be repaired(repair).(4)It is required that all members (should) be(be) present.(5)The new task requires hard efforts of us.易错点拨(1)require表示“需要”，接含有被动意义的非谓语动词时，不定式用被动结构，而动名词用主动结构，即require to be done或require doing。(2)require后的宾语从句，requirement后的表语从句、同位语从句通常要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用(should) do形式。 quit doing.停止做quit office/ones job离职quit school辍学(1)Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people quit smoking(smoke).医生正在做研究，以找出人们戒烟时身体会发生什么。(2)The boy quitted school and found a job to support his family.那个男孩辍学了，找了份工作养家。(3)He said that if he quit the job，he would lose his drive to work and succeed.(2018浙江)他说如果辞职，他就会失去工作和取得成功的动力。熟词生义选择句子中quit的汉语意思(4)He quitted Paris after a month. C A.中断B.偿清C.离开易错点拨quit后接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。 (1)be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事keep sb. occupied使某人忙碌(2)occupy oneself with sth. /(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事(3)occupation n.工作；职业；占领(1)Teaching and doing housework keep her occupied(occupy) every day.(2)I suppose I was looking for an occupation(occupy) which was going to be an adventure.(3)一句多译当我进来的时候，学生们正忙着做作业。When I came in，the students were occupied with/(in) doing their homework.(occupied)When I came in，the students were occupying themselves with/(in) doing their homework.(occupy)When I came in，the students were busy with/(in) doing their homework.(busy) look down on/upon看不起look into调查；研究；向里面看look through浏览；仔细查看；审核look up向上看；查阅look up to尊敬，敬仰look back on回忆，回顾look at注视；看待(1)I would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity.Im looking forward to receiving(receive) your earliest reply.(2)The day that he had been looking forward to came(come) at last.(3)He looked forward to see(see) who was making a loud noise in the crowd. take after与相像，效仿take for把当成；误以为take in吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗take off脱下；(飞机等)起飞；(事业等)腾飞；大受欢迎take over接管，接任take up占据；开始处理，从事；开始做；继续根据语境用take短语的正确形式填空(1)She took up the story where Tim had left off.(2)Dont be taken in by the advertisement.It doesnt tell the truth.(3)Last year，his son took over the family business after his death.(4)Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.(5)She really takes after her mother.They seem like sisters.(6)Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. (1)in charge of掌管(表状态)in the charge of被掌管；由负责free of charge(for free)免费(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人犯罪charge sb. some money for sth. 因某物收某人钱(1)She is charged with murdering her husband./She is accused of murdering her husband.(2)He charged me 20 yuan for the postcard.(3)同义句改写Mr Bell is in charge of the class.The class is in the charge of Mr Bell.(用the class作主语改写)Mr Bell takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写)易错点拨类似in charge of，in the charge of的短语：Id appreciate it if you would give me the opportunity.Im looking forward to your early reply.如果你给我这次机会我将感激不尽，盼望你早日答复。(1)此处的it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为if引导的宾语从句。(2)在英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。(3)see to，depend on，count on等由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，先加形式宾语it，再接that 从句。(1)I will appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.(2017全国)如果你能在你方便的时候尽快给我回信我将不胜感激。(2)You can depend/rely on it that he will complete the task on time.你要相信他会按时完成任务的。I do hope the chance is coming quite soon.我真心希望机会快快到来。“do/does/did动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实，的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时；(3)只能用来强调谓语动词，若强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等，则应用It is/was.that/who.进行强调。(1)He does enjoy listening to classical music.他的确喜欢听古典音乐。(2)Do come this evening.今天晚上一定要来呀。(3)He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。(2017浙江)How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips，your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” 32 Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say，“Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged. 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer，you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，dont leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people，be polite.C.If you dont own a camera，you can buy one.D.For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results，ask them the same question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.31.答案D解析解本题可用句意判断法。由空格后的But以及can be easy可以反推，该空讲的应该是街头采访并非易事。选项D “对于新手记者，这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务”符合语境。32.答案G解析解本题可用词汇锁定法。本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的问题，并在空前给出例子“Why do you think.？”，选项G中“With a question like this”中的question指的就是这个问句。33.答案B解析解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格后的“Excuse me”以及“I was wondering if you could.”都体现了采访者的礼貌。这与选项B“当你接近人们时，要有礼貌”前后照应。34.答案A解析解本题可用设题位置法。显然，该空要填本段的段落小标题。根据空格后的“你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟”可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间。故选项A符合语境。35.答案F解析解本题可用词汇锁定法。选项F “这一数量的采访应该能给你所需要的全部答案”中的“That number of interviews”与空格前的“A safe number of interviews to conduct(采访的保险数量)”前后照应。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了进行街头随机采访的若干技巧。街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。本文采取的是“总分”结构形式：第一段提出论点：街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战，但只要按照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做，你也可以完美地完成任务。后面几段是作者提出的五条建议的具体内容。.微观排障长难句分析The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.句式分析：该句是一个复合句，其中in which引导的是一个定语从句。翻译：街头采访是指记者带着一名摄影师在街头随机采访。.词汇积累1.the man-on-the-street interview街头采访2.tip n.建议3.story n.新闻报道4.think about考虑，思索5.topic n.主题6.relate to与有关7.environmental protection环境保护8.warm up(使)活跃起来，(使)热情起来段首设空并不难，找准主题句是关键本文34题属于七选五阅读题中最常见的在段首设空的题目，那么选择的通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.”可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A项为本段主题句。当七选五阅读题在句首设空时，还可能存在以下两种情况：1.属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾能够有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种衔接手段，尤其是当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间、年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 (2016全国)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 61.greater(great) and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62.achievement(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63.is(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 64.on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 65.as possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 66.studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67.regularly(regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68.a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 69.to bring(bring) your work home.It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is,70.make(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.61.答案greater解析考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用比较级形式。62.答案achievement解析考查名词的用法。固定表达sense of achievement“成就感”。63.答案is解析考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less.，动名词作主语时谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。64.答案on解析考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on“专心于，集中于”。65.答案as解析考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早点儿开始，在午餐前尽可能地做到高效。固定表达as.as possible“尽可能”。66.答案studies解析考查名词的复数。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。67.答案regularly解析考查副词的用法。如果我们定时短暂休息的话。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，故要用副词形式。68.答案a解析考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。固定表达for a while“一会儿”。69.答案to bring解析考查不定式的用法。固定表达be likely to do.“很可能做某事”。70.答案make解析考查祈使句。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大时，应该如何合理地释放这些压力。内容涉及优先处理最重要的事情；上午尽量保持高效；工作期间定时短暂休息等。在解题时紧紧围绕这条主线，速读全文，掌握大意，理顺逻辑，然后细读文章做题。 文章的脉络如下：.微观排障长难句分析It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is，make sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.句式分析：该句是一个but连接的并列句，在第二个分句中whatever引导一个让步状语从句。翻译：这可能是任何事情园艺劳动、做饭、听音乐、体育锻炼但是无论是什么，切记从日常压力中解脱出来而不是去担心另一件事。.词汇积累1.feel stressed感到有压力2.responsibility n.责任3.task n.任务4.a sense of achievement成就感5.be focused on专心于，集中于6.productive adj.具有创造性的，效率高的7.as.as possible尽可能8.get through度过9.take short breaks 短暂休息10.be likely to do.很可能做某事有根可寻攻克提示类语法填空1.括号内提供的是动词首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行
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