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Unit 1 Great scientists .阅读理解(2018天津)Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus:food.Recent development has made possible machines that print,cook,and serve foods on a mass scale.And the industry isnt stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer,a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience,but a printer makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant,all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050,and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.Sustainability is becoming a necessity.3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions.Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end,freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.Hod Lipson,a professor at Columbia University,said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins.So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket,youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing,the industry has many challenges to overcome.Currently,most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them,and the printing process is quite time-consuming,because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.On top of that,most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients,because meat and milk products may easily go bad.Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers,believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的3D食物打印技术,包括食物打印的省时高效的特点、所使用的原料的可持续性、提供顾客所需要的营养以及目前技术推广面临的挑战等。1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.B.It saves time and effort in cooking.C.It improves the cooking conditions.D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,一名厨师需要有多年的经验积累才能在婚礼蛋糕上装饰出复杂的图案,但一台3D打印机可以很容易就做到。由此可知,3D打印技术在食品制作方面节省了时间和精力。故选B项。2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A.It solves food shortages easily.B.It quickens the transportation of food.C.It needs no space for the storage of food.D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知,专家相信3D打印机可使用大量的藻类和草等可再生资源形成的水解胶体代替熟知的烹饪原料。故选D项。3.According to Paragraph 4,3D-printed food .A.is more available to consumersB.can meet individual nutritional needsC.is more tasty than food in supermarketsD.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中Hod Lipson教授的话可知,食品打印使顾客能打印出富含个性化需求所需营养成分的食物。因此,顾客不必吃昨天从超市买来的面包,而是随需烤制。故选B项。4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A.The printing process is complicated.B.3D food printers are too expensive.C.Food materials have to be dry.D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“ On top of that,most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients”可知,尽管3D食物打印技术进展迅猛,但所需的大多数打印材料必须是干燥的才能使用,这也就制约了食物打印技术的普及。故选C项。5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New TechnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table答案A解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,一项新的3D打印技术引人瞩目,最新进展有助于大规模食品的打印和服务。故A项“3D食物打印:精美可口的新技术”符合题意。.七选五A Spirit Airlines flight just made an emergency landing for an unusual reason and it wasnt due to bad weather or a mechanical problem.1Lily Green,36 weeks pregnant(怀孕的),had just boarded the flight in Fort Lauderdale when her water broke.The airplane quickly turned to New Orleans for an emergency landing.2“He did what he wanted,” mother Lily told CNN.“We were just all along for the ride.”Thankfully,a pediatrician(小儿科医生) and nurse were on board to help her give birth.3 About 10 minutes later,the newborns cries filled the planes cabin,and the passengers burst into applause(掌声).4 Measuring in at a healthy 7 pounds and 19 and a half inches long,hes the youngest brother of 11-year-old Jack and 12-year-old Ann.”But heres the best part:5 Besides Davids free flight from Fort Lauderdale,he can now travel with a guest on his birthday for free for the rest of his life.A.Lily named her baby boy David.B.And that was luckily a speedy birth.C.And that was luckily a normal birth.D.But it was late for this impatient newborn.E.But it wasnt fast enough for this impatient newborn.F.Spirit Airlines gave the tiny,unexpected passenger a wonderful birthday present.G.Obviously,a baby just couldnt wait for his flight to land before joining the world.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇感人故事。一个孕妇在飞行过程中突然临产,飞机被迫就近紧急降落。在此期间,飞机上恰好有儿科医生和护士乘客,在他们的帮助下,婴儿顺利出生。为祝贺 David 在本航班出生,航空公司给予 David,在每年生日那一天免费乘坐该公司飞机的大礼,终生有效。1.G文章开头叙述:飞机紧急着陆不是由于机械故障或恶劣天气,再结合下文“Lily Green,36 weeks pregnant.when her water broke.”可判断,G项“婴儿等不到飞机正常降落就要来到这个世界”符合语境。2.E本空前叙述:飞机因紧急降落而迅速改变目的地。因此E项“但是飞机的速度还不够快”符合逻辑。此处fast与上文quickly相呼应。3.B根据下文“About 10 minutes later,the newborns.”可知,B项“幸运的是,这是一次快速的分娩”符合文意。speedy与10 minutes相呼应。4.A本空后叙述了新生儿的体重、身高,还第一次出现了他的名字 David,故选A项。5.F根据下文可知,为祝贺 David 在该航班出生,航空公司给予 David在每年生日那天免费乘坐该公司飞机的大礼。因此F项承上启下,符合语境。.完形填空Over the last 15 years,as a doctor,I have had heart-to-heart conversations with countless patients near the end of their lives.The most common emotion they express is 1.And thats 2 I came up with a project to encourage people to write a 3 to their loved ones.Its a lesson I learned years ago from a memorable 4 patient.He was a retired 5 with a cancer.Every day,his 6 spent many hours watching him watch television.She explained to me he had never been much of a 7 in their 50-plus years of marriage.But he seemed quite 8 to share his ideas with me,9 when it became clear his days were 10.He spoke of his deep regret for not having spent enough time with his wife,and of his great 11 in his son,who had joined the Navy in his fathers footsteps.One afternoon,when I mentioned these 12 to his wife and son,they looked disbelievingly at each other.They thanked me for being so kind but 13 my patient was unlikely to express such feelings.To make sure his family could hear his 14,I took my video camera with me the next morning and with the patients 15,recorded an open letter from him to his family.When I gave them the 16 letter,both his wife and son were moved to tears.The experience 17 my letter project,which can help people complete their life review tasks: remembering to those we may have hurt;18 those who have hurt us and saying “I love you”.It may 19 much courage to write a life review letter.For some people,it 20 deep and troubling emotions.Yet it may be the most important letter you will ever write.【语篇导读】作为一名医生,因为与无数临终的病人交谈过,他们常表达出自己的遗憾。这激发了“我”想让人们给自己爱的人写一封信的想法,以此表达对曾经伤害过的人的歉意及原谅伤害过自己的人们。1.A.gratitudeB.regretC.apologyD.affection答案B解析根据下文的内容可知在临终之前表达的都是遗憾的心情。最后一段中也有提示。gratitude“感激”;regret“后悔,遗憾”;apology “道歉”;affection“情感”。2.A.becauseB.whyC.whenD.how答案B解析通过上下文可判断这就是“我”为什么要提出这个项目。故选B项。3.A.noteB.billC.letterD.sentence答案C解析通过上下文及最后一段中的“letter project”可知病人临终前常有遗憾,因此作者特地通过这个项目来鼓励人们写信给自己所爱的人。故选C项。4.A.dyingB.weakC.unconsciousD.silent答案A解析从下文可知这是从一个将要去世的病人那里学到的教训。dying“将死的”;weak“虚弱的”;unconscious “无意识的”;silent“沉默的”。通过对比可知A项符合题意。5.A.merchantB.workerC.officialD.soldier答案D解析从下文可知他当过海军,因此是个士兵。soldier“士兵”符合题意。6.A.familyB.daughterC.sonD.wife答案D解析从下文“in their 50-plus years of marriage”可知是他的妻子,故选D项。7.A.husbandB.loverC.talkerD.companion答案C解析根据上文“spent many hours watching him watch television”,可知他是个不健谈的人。因此talker“讲话者”符合题意。8.A.willingB.disturbingC.embarrassedD.delighted答案A解析根据语境可知这个人不善言谈却愿意和“我”分享他的一些想法。willing“愿意的”;disturbing“烦扰的,令人不安的”;embarrassed“局促不安的,为难的,尴尬的,窘迫的”;delighted“高兴的”。9.A.speciallyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.gradually答案B解析此处指他看起来非常愿意和“我”分享他的想法,尤其是他在世上的日子不多了。specially“特别地,专门地”;especially“尤其地,主要地”;exactly“确切地”;gradually“慢慢地”。10.A.numberedB.diedC.endedD.completed答案A解析从上文可知他是个癌症患者,所剩时日不多,屈指可数。故用numbered。11.A.satisfactionB.prideC.concernD.complaint答案B解析此处指他儿子以他为榜样参加了海军,因此他以儿子为骄傲。satisfaction “满意”;pride“骄傲”;concern“关心”;complaint“抱怨”。12.A.commentsB.decisionsC.explanationsD.promises答案A解析根据语境可知,当“我”把他的话转述给他的妻子和儿子时,他们感到难以置信。comment“评论”;decision“决定”;explanation“解释”;promise“承诺,允诺”。13.A.deniedB.disbelievedC.insistedD.realized答案C解析从上文可知这个病人是个不善谈的人,所以当他儿子和妻子听到这样的评论时难以相信,因此他们才会感谢“我”并坚持他不可能如此表达。deny“否认”;disbelieve“怀疑;不信”;insist“坚持”;realize“意识到,知道,实现”。14.A.sorrowB.anxietyC.wishD.love答案D解析从上文的内容可知,此处是指这个病人表达的对家人的爱。sorrow“悲痛”;anxiety“焦虑,担心”;wish “愿望”;love“爱”。15.A.desireB.permissionC.requestD.assistance答案B解析根据上下文可知,“我”带着摄像机是得到了病人允许的。desire“渴望”;permission“允许,批准”;request “请求”;assistance“帮助”。16.A.tapedB.typedC.writtenD.unopened答案A解析由上文可知,此处应指录音的信。taped“录音的”符合题意。17.A.raisedB.inspiredC.provedD.welcomed答案B解析根据下文可知这能帮助人们弥补过去的憾事,因此激励“我”去做这个项目。raise“提高(价格等),养育,筹集”。inspire“鼓舞,激励,赋予灵感”;prove“证明,证实”;welcome“欢迎”。18.A.acknowledgingB.forgettingC.hurtingD.forgiving答案D解析通过上下文可知是原谅那些伤害过我们的人。acknowledge “承认,鸣谢,对打招呼”;forget“忘记”;hurt“伤害”;forgive“原谅”。D项符合题意。19.A.costB.spendC.takeD.have答案C解析句意:可能需要一些勇气去写一封人生回顾信。take.to do sth.“需要去做某事”。20.A.calls forB.calls offC.calls inD.calls up答案D解析由语境可知,它可能唤起了人们内心深处的烦恼的情绪。call up“使回忆起”符合题意。6
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