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考点二十一说理议论类A限时7分钟I recently came in contact with celebrity magazines My family isnt one to give money for pictures of skinny, drunk celebrities with paragraphs about their relationships and shopping cart times Thus, I was excited to finally get a chance to read about other peoples attractive yet troubled livesRight away I noticed how each magazine seemed to be a copy of the other They had headlines and pictures that were almost the same Still, the pictures of perfectly constructed faces with cute designer outfits going on with their daily lives made me read onWait, celebrities taking their dogs for a walk? Spending an afternoon at a park? All of these things seemed so ordinarythings my own family and I do together often I suddenly realized how unextraordinary the people in these magazines were They are simply normal people who happen to have a cool job and much money For some reason, pictures of them doing things like buying milk at the store appeal to millions of readers Then, when these regular people mess up, their mistakes are painted onto hundreds of newspapers and Internet sitesWhat if every time we made a mistake, it was made public? Have you ever failed a test? Imagine seeing pictures of you on the front of a newspaper with headlines like, “Regular Schooling Isnt Enough” Youd be embarrassed Now, Im not necessarily taking the celebritys side Im more realizing the fact that these people we are crazy about are just ordinary human beings with many photographs following them around Role models? Id think not Personally, Id rather look up to people in any community who have accomplished a lot instead of an ordinary person walking his dog in Berverly Hills1What do we know about the authors family?AThey admire celebrities very muchBThey often buy celebrity magazinesCThey are not interested in celebritiesDThey are curious about the life of celebrities答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可推知，作者家人对名人的八卦新闻不感兴趣，故选C。2What does the author think of celebrities?AThey live a happy lifeBThey seldom do usual thingsCThey deserve peoples admirationDThey are just ordinary people like us答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，作者突然明白，名人都是些普通人，只不过他们从事着看似光鲜、收入丰厚的工作，故选D。3Who is most likely to be the authors role model?ACelebrities who live an ordinary lifeBCommon people who do great thingsCExtraordinary people who accomplish a lotDPeople who make great contributions to communities答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者更喜欢以那些虽生活在社区里，但能做出不平凡事情的普通人为榜样，而不是那些虽生活在Berverly Hills而事实上很平庸的人，结合选项可知选B。4What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo describe the actual life of celebritiesBTo ask us to be realistic about others mistakesCTo show peoples different attitudes towards celebritiesDTo advise us to have a right attitude towards celebrities答案：D推理判断题。根据本文可知，在作者看来名人只不过是受大家关注的普通人，我们需要以正确的态度去看待他们，故选D。B限时8分钟In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resourcesToday, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries According to a recent study, the global market for lowcarbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and highspeed trains In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable oneThe major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries5According to Paragraph 1, we cannot infer that the traditional business model _Amakes the world warmerBmakes growth hard to continueCbrings severe damage to forestsDconsumes natural resources答案：D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm”可排除A、C两项；根据第一段倒数第三句“People now realize that this unhealthy in sustainable (可持续的) ways”可知，传统的商业模式不能确保可持续发展，因此要改变传统的发展模式，故排除B项。故D项符合题意。6What can we infer from Paragraph 2?AHighspeed trains are a lowcarbon developmentBChina is the leader of the lowcarbon marketCChina lacks wind and solar energyDPalm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句和第四句中的“and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and highspeed trains”可知，高铁属于低碳的发展模式。故A项正确。7To fully develop the lowcarbon markets, government can _Acut public expensesBencourage energy conservationCdevelop public resourcesDforbid carbon emission答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“and targets for saving and reusing energy”可知，为了充分开发低碳市场，政府可以鼓励节约和循环利用能源。故B项正确。8We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _Amake full use of natural resourcesBexplore new natural resourcesCdevelop sustainable productsDdeal with the major challenge答案：C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尾句中的“it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries”可知，C项正确。C限时8分钟To Friend or Not to FriendWe all love our parents and turn to them when were in need, but would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites have become extensions of the school hallways, so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends?In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were up to date with latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their daytoday lives as they always had because they had no need to know more about technology However, more and more parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives This realization has given many parents the motivation to educate themselves about social networking sitesThese days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; theres also a certain amount of control over privacy that we dont get in real life Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family memberIts a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our online lives On the one hand we dont want to “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide On the other hand if you do accept, then you could have a sense of being watched and no longer feel free to comment or communicate the way you did beforeA recent survey suggested that parents shouldnt take it personally if their child ignores their request, “When a teen ignores a parents friend request, it doesnt necessarily mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be independent”Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the blow if you do choose not to add them to your friends list9From Paragraph 2, we learn that _ Aparents feel secure about their privacy online Bsocial networks successfully fill the generation gap Cparents have realized the importance of social networks Dsocial networks offer a platform for parents to communicate答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段后两句可知，父母已经意识到社交网络的重要性。故选C。10Teenagers may refuse a parents friend request because _ Athey hide something from their parents Bthey are unwilling to be watched by parents Ctheir parents tend to fall behind technology Dtheir parents make negative comments on them答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，青少年可能会拒绝父母加好友的请求，因为他们不愿意被父母监视着自己的一举一动。故选B。11The passage is mainly about _ Aprivacy online Bsocial networks Cthe generation gap Dparents friend requests答案：D主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文主要讲了现在很多父母进入社交网站，希望加孩子为好友，但是这样的要求往往被孩子拒绝，分析了其中的原因，并进一步对孩子们提出忠告。故选D。12The passage is written mainly for _ Aparents Bteenagers Cteachers Dresearchers答案：B推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“We all love our parents and turn to them when were in need”以及最后一段给青少年的建议可知，本文的写作对象是广大青少年。故选B。D限时8分钟When asked to identify the qualities that lead to success in life, experts often list the ability to overcome obstacles Getting over the difficulties, through determination and persistence, is the characteristic of the greatest leaders, the most successful parents and the most prized employees Those who make no excuses, who do whatever it takes to get something done, are the ones who have the capacity to achieve greatnessIn education, we focus a lot on meeting our students needs Its our job to teach them But to truly help them be successful, we ourselves have to have the “no excuses” attitude The problem is that by allowing ourselves no excuses, and doing whatever it takes to make students successful, we often find ourselves accepting excuses from them Students dont complete an assignment, and we give them a second chance A test is failed and we provide a chance to retake it, or do test corrections for extra creditBut theres always a reason for a childs behavior Its important to understand the reason, but its equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuseTheres a girl in my class with terrible handwriting “Maybe if I had a mother who had taught me that, I would have better handwriting！” she says She has been in and out of foster care (寄养照管) for years She has an explanation for her bad handwriting, but when does it become an excuse that reduces her ability to communicate for the rest of her life?We must understand the kids and work to find ways for them to succeed Simultaneously (同时), we must draw lines, set limits, show them the difference between right and wrong The real work is figuring out when we stop letting reasons be excuses, and start to teach kids about taking responsibility for themselvesMaybe there is failure on the path to success Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannot cross13The example of the girl in Paragraph 4 shows that _Achildren cant tell a reason from an excuseBchildren need to improve their ability to communicateCchildrens behavior is greatly affected by their parentsDchildren have reasonable explanations for their behavior答案：A推理判断题。结合第三段尾句中的“but its equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse”可知，原因不等于借口，女孩的例子正是说明了孩子们往往无法辨别借口和原因，故选A。14What is a teachers real work in the authors opinion?ATo show kids the difference between right and wrongBTo help kids become responsible for themselvesCTo set specific limits to the behavior of kidsDTo meet the needs of different kids答案：B细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知，一个教师真正的工作是弄清楚什么时候不再让理由变成借口，并开始教孩子们要对他们自己的言行负责，故选B。15What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?AChildren should try to avoid failureBFailure may benefit children in the long runCChildren should be careful on their way to successDFailure is easy to conquer if children are confident答案：B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannot cross”可以推断，从长远来看，让孩子经历失败并不一定是坏事，孩子们能从中受益，故选B。16The passage is probably written by _Aa working parent Ba college studentCan experienced teacher Da newspaper reporter答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“In education, we focus a lot on meeting our students needs Its our job to teach them”以及第四段首句“Theres a girl in my class with terrible handwriting”可推知，这篇文章很可能是由一个有经验的教师写的。A限时15分钟(2018北京高考)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world Well, the future is apparently now The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulatedWhile much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more sharedDo we want to copyor even worsenthe traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the selfdriving minibus The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ridehailing (叫车) servicesA study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with electric, selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050 Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services, considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题) But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technologyPolicymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably The car of the future is coming We just have to plan for it1According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _ Ahelp deal with transportationrelated problems Bprovide better services to customers Ccause damage to our environment Dmake some people lose jobs答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，尽管到目前为止，大多数争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上(理应如此)，政策制定者们也应该讨论无人驾驶汽车如何能帮助缓解交通拥堵、减少尾气排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的交通选择。同时结合第三段第一句可推知，作者认为应该关注无人驾驶汽车能如何帮助处理跟交通有关的问题。故选A。2As for driverless cars, what is the authors major concern?ASafety BSide effectsCAffordability DManagement答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为政策制定者应开始思考如何保证无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大当今以汽车为主导的交通运输系统的最消极的一面，由此可推知，作者关心的是无人驾驶汽车的管理。故选D。3What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AEmployed BReplacedCShared DReduced答案：A词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，目前无人驾驶汽车价格高昂，且大众对该技术的接受度低，再结合画线词所在句的含义可知，考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，可以猜测，叫车服务将使用首批商用无人驾驶汽车。由此可推知，field意为“使用”。故选A。4What is the authors attitude to the future of selfdriving cars?ADoubtful BPositiveCDisapproving DSympathetic答案：B观点态度题。根据第五段最后三句可知，即将到来的技术进步为城市和国家发展交通系统提供了机会，这种交通系统的目的是让更多的人能够更经济地出行。未来的汽车就要来了。我们只须为它做好计划。由此可推知，作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极态度。故选B。B限时10分钟(2019合肥市高三调研性测试)Its not just kids who are overdoing screen time Parents are often just as guilty of spending too much time checking smart phones and emails And the consequences for their children can be troublingDr Jenny Radesky is a pediatrician (儿科医生) specializing in child development When she worked at a clinic in a hightech Seattle neighborhood, Radesky started noticing how often parents ignored their kids in favor of a mobile device Radesky was so concerned that she decided to study the behaviorAfter relocating to Boston Medical Center, she and two other researchers spent one summer observing 55 different groups of parents and young children eating at fast food restaurants “Many of the caregivers pulled out a mobile device right away，” she says “They looked at it, scrolled on it and typed for most of the meal, only putting it down occasionally”This was not a scientific study Radesky is quick to point out It was more like anthropological (人类学的) observation, complete with detailed field notes Forty of the 55 parents used a mobile device during the meal, and many, she says, were more absorbed in the device than in the kidsRadesky says thats a big mistake, because facetoface interactions are the primary way children learn “They learn language, they learn about their own emotions, and they learn how to regulate them，” she says “They learn by watching us how to have a conversation, and how to read other peoples facial expressions And if that is not happening, children are missing out on important development milestones (里程碑)”In the research for her book, SteinerAdair interviewed 1,000 children between the ages of 4 and 18, asking them about their parents use of mobile devices The language that came up over and over and over again, she says, was “sad, mad, angry and lonely” SteinerAdair says we dont know exactly how much these mini moments of disconnection between a parent and child affect the child in the long term But based on the stories she hears, SteinerAdair suggests that parents think twice before picking up a mobile device when theyre with their kids5What did Dr Jenny Radesky find in a Seattle neighborhood?AParents ignored their kids in favor of a mobile deviceBHigh technology made peoples life more convenientCChildren took a much keener interest in smart phonesDParents were worried about their childrens development答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When she worked at a clinic in a hightech Seattle neighborhood, Radesky started noticing how often parents ignored their kids in favor of a mobile device”可知，Jenny Radesky博士在社区里发现了父母玩手机而忽略孩子的现象，故选A。6How did Radesky do her research?ABy interviewing the caregiversBBy analyzing data from a cl
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