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Subjunctive MoodPart one: 定义英语动词有四种语气：陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的。e.g. There are two sides to every question.疑问语气：用来提出问题或询问情况。 e.g. Were you busy all day yesterday?祈使语气: 表示说话人对听话人的请求或命令。 e.g. Dont forget to turn off the light.虚拟语气: 表示说话者认为所说的话与事实相反或实现的可能性较小；或表示愿望、请求或推测、建议等 e.g. If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.Part two：用法Step one：If 引导的非真实条件句1、对现在情况的假设（表示现在实际不存在的情况）e.g. If I were a boy, I would turn off my phone. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. If it were fine now, I would go shopping.If he got up early, he would be on timeFinding the rule：Contrast to the present facts（与现在事实相反）If clause（if 从句）Main clause(主句)The verb forms(谓语动词形式)Applying the rule1. If the rich man _ enough friends, he would feel happier.A. has B. would have C. have D. had2. If I knew the teachers name, I _ you a card. A. will send B. send C. would send D. sent3. If I _ you, I _ worry. A. were/would not B. was/wouldnt C. been/would have D. be/would2、对将来情况的假设e.g. If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.If I were a boy, I would be a soldier.If I should fail in the exam, I would try again.If I failed in the exam, I would try again.Finding the rule:Contrast to the future（与将来事实相反）If clause（if 从句）Main clause（主句）The verb forms（谓语动词形式）Applying the rule:1. 如果他要来的话，他会告诉你的。_.2. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。_.3、对过去情况的假设(表示与过去事实相反)e.g. If I had had time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you . If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. Finding the rule:Contrast to the past（与过去事实相反）If clause（if 从句）Main clause（主句）The verb forms（谓语动词形式）Applying the rule:1. If he had known it was going to rain, he _his umbrella to work. (take)2. They would have arrived at lunchtime_. (如果航班没有推迟)3. If you had been more careful, _.(你就不会把包落在火车上了)Step two：wish 引导的虚拟句e.g. I wish she were here. I wish you would go with us tomorrow. I wish she had taken my advice.Finding the rule:与现在事实相反，谓语动词形式：_.与过去事实相反，谓语动词形式：_.表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，谓语动词形式：_.Applying the rule:1. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。_.2. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。_.3. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。_.Step three: 虚拟语气在“要求、建议、命令”等从句中的应用一个坚持：insist 一提议： propose两个命令： order command三个建议: suggest advise recommend四个要求: demand require request desire这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。1. My demand is that she _ (come) to see me once a week.2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works_(be)closed down.3. He suggested that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing.4. The proposal that we_(go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed.注意： 如suggest, insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”坚持认为“时，不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2. He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.Step four: if only +句子（虚拟语气）if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好if only相当于“主语+wish”因此，if only之后的虚拟语气的谓语形式与wish之后的宾语从句的谓语形式一样。1. 今天要是星期天就好了。 _. 2. 要是雨会停下来该多好! _.3. 如果早点遇到她该多好！_.Step five: as if/as though 引导的从句as if/as though 引导的从句，若与事实相反或实现的可能性极小，也用虚拟语气。用法：as if /though + Clause如果从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，则从句用一般过去时，有时用过去进行时强调动作正在进行；如果从句的动作先于主句，则从句用过去完成时；如果从句的动作后与主句，则从句用过去将来时。e.g. He treats me as if I were his son. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. Step six: would rather +从句 would rather 后的从句常用一般过去时形式，表示现在或将来的情况；用过去完成时，表示过去的情况。 e.g. I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you hadnt let out the secret.Step seven: 虚拟语气中的特例1. Its (high/right) time that （该。的时间到了）that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do(should一般不省) e.g. Its time that you left here.It is high time that the children should go to bed 2. 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 1) Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 2) Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。3) Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 e.g. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.Step eight： 含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如： e.g. W hat would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是but for your help) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如： e.g. You might stay here forever. (可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含if we had kept trying) 3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如： e.g. You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意来。Step nine: 错综时间条件句 主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间。这时，需要根据意思来表示不同时间的动词形式。 e.g. 1. If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. 如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。 2. If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）Step ten：if 虚拟条件句的倒装 If 虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were，should， had时，可省略if，从句部分的助动词were/had/should等提到主语前面。 e.g. If I were you, I would try it again.Were I you, If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, 1. _the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive4
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