资源描述
一、标题归纳题(2019江苏，D)The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimers(阿尔兹海默症).Hewaslosinghismemory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofession，Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano，andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion，thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.Melissa，hisdaughter，feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi，Melissasbestfriendandatalentedpianist，gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis？”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares，”Melissasaid.Stevenodded，tearineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshedlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench，handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses，heartsinking.ButStevepressedon，playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“Itwasbeautiful，”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibility，herprivilege，wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.Hedmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshedtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano，eyesclosed，listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode：lines，beats，intervals，movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldntplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday，Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording，arecordingoflossandlove，ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts.Stevestruggling，searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard，andSteve，angryandupset，saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim，tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofStevesfavorite，andmostpersonal，songs.WithNaomishelp，theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingStevessongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasnt.Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert，Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind：“MelancholyFlower”.ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskStevespermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.Aftertheconcert，NaomitoldthefamilythatStevesmusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow，morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.Bythen，Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲因为患阿尔兹海默症而逐渐失去记忆，女儿珍视父亲为她在儿时演奏过的那些陪她入睡的音乐，为了让这温暖的“独家音乐”不失传，她请懂音乐的朋友把父亲的音乐录制下来。65.WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfathersmusic?A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家，再根据第三段中的“Melissa，hisdaughter，feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭有着特别的意义，值得被保存，故本题答案为C。66.AfterhearingStevesplaying，Naomi.A.refusedtomakeacommentonitB.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC.decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend答案B解析细节理解题。根据第十段“Itwasbeautiful，Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.Themusicwasworthsaving.”可知，听完Steve的演奏之后，Naomi对他的音乐很是赞赏，故本题答案为B。67.HowcantheprocessofStevesrecordingbedescribed?A.Itwasslowbutproductive.B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D.ItwasvitalforNaomiscareer.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第十二段“NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.Hedmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshedtakehisplace.”及第十四段“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.”可知，音乐的录制过程虽然缓慢，但是颇有成效，故本题答案为A。68.BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower”，hiswifeJoni.A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhaustedB.didntexpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC.didntfullyrealizethevalueofherhusbandsmusicD.broughtherhusbandsmusiccareertoperfection答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第七段最后两句“Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasnt.”以及下文中提到“Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响”可知，Joni之前并没有充分意识到Steve的音乐的价值。故本题答案为C。69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland?A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.”可知，在音乐会上，他的心情很平静。故本题答案为D。70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheKindnessofFriendsB.ThePowerofMusicC.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDetermination答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音乐录制给父亲带来了巨大的改变，甚至激发了他创作歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音乐的力量”最适合作本文标题。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括准确而又简短；针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目能引发读者的阅读欲望。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.二、解题技巧1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2.文章标题三特点(1)一般为单词、短语或句子形式，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第70题，通读全文，尤其是倒数第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音乐录制给父亲带来了巨大的改变，甚至激发了他创作歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音乐的力量”最适合作本文标题。ALaughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedonthavetolearntospeakit.Werebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10-yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyarentjokes.Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘气的) behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle (使发痒) chimps，theydontlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.Thatsthesoundofapelaughter，anditstherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.Theresadifferencebetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhyweresosusceptibletotickling.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。1.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecadesresearch?A.Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeopleslaughter.C.Toresearchpeoplesdifferentreactiononjokes.D.Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.答案B解析细节理解题。由题干中的“thedecadesresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后两句，由该段倒数第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh.”可知，这十年的研究是为了弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.B.Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled.C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。A项正确。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Flexible.C.Addictive.D.Reliable.答案A解析词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible(易受影响的，敏感的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactofLaughterB.TheMeaningofLaughterC.ABigMystery：WhyDoWeLaugh?D.Laughter：TheMostBeautifulWord答案C解析标题归纳题。笑容是全世界通用的语言，是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了“人类为什么笑”这个话题。故C项为最佳标题。BMostpeoplewhoownmobilephonesusethemastheiralarmclocksmakingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks.Severalyearsago，mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(缝针)andbecamewhatshecallsa“sleepevangelist(传教士)”.Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencouragesherfriendstodothesame.“IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgiftalovelyalarmclocksotheycouldstopusingtheexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning，”shesaid.Ifyourmobilephonewakesyouupinthemorning，itmayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimeindeepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdaily3wearandtearare9severelyaffected，”thestudyconcluded.Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundtheclock，accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems，stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguiltwhenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.Someteensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight.Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailability.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach，accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddleage，butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingtheirmobilephonesinanotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit.语篇解读本文属于科普类说明文，讲述现在越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响人们的睡眠质量，有些人已经选择把手机放在其他地方来保证自己的睡眠质量。5.Whydidtheauthorsbossstarttoenjoysleeping?A.Herfriendsencouragedhertosleepontime.B.Mobilephonescouldntwakeherupontime.C.Herfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.D.Shegothurtduetoworkingtoolate.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜赶工而筋疲力尽晕倒在地，并且头部缝了五针，最终她成为“睡眠传教士”，鼓励大家多睡觉。因此作者的老板开始享受睡眠是因为受到了伤害，故选D。6.WhydidtheauthorsbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts?A.Alarmclocksdontgiveoffanyradiation.B.Alarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup.C.Sheadvisedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks.D.Sheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者的老板送给朋友闹钟是为了不再让他们用把手机当闹钟的借口而影响睡眠，让他们用闹钟来替代手机，故选C。7.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study?A.Mobileradiationmakespeopleunabletofallasleep.B.Mobilephonescanrelease884MHzwiredsignals.C.Sleepcanhelppeoplefightagainstradiation.D.Componentsofsleepcanbeseriouslyaffectedbywirelesssignals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.”可知，2008年的一份研究表明，在实验中暴露于884兆赫的无线信号中，修复白天身体损耗很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。由此可知，无线电信号会严重影响睡眠质量，故选D。8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowMobilePhonesAffectSleepB.WhyAlarmClocksAreBetterthanPhonesC.HowWeCanSleepBetteratNightD.HowMobilePhonesAffectHealth答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文阐述越来越多的人在睡觉的时候把手机放在旁边，这会严重影响其睡眠质量，阐述了手机与睡眠的关系，故选A。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Thereisauniversalloveforbasketballinthecountryamongallwalksoflife.普遍的，全体的2.PreparationsforthearrivaloftheseniorrepresentativefromtheUNarealreadyunderway.在进行中的3.Theseproductscanstandwearandtear，whichwilldefinitelybeattractiveinthemarket.磨损4.Somestoresstayopenaroundtheclock，whileothersdobusinessforonlyafewhoursaday.夜以继日地，昼夜不停地(二)同义词语替换5.Contrarytothebeliefthatrockmusicisalwaysangryandnoisy，histrademark(标志性的) styleisquietbutpowerful.opposedto6.Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamulti-milliondollarorganization.developed7.Therearemanysymptomsofdepression.Theyincludelackofsleep，strongfeelingofexhaustion，anddifficultyconcentratingthroughouttheday.tiredness8.Researchindicatesthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaries.shows9.Theschoolbuildingswereseverelydamagedintheearthquakeandstudentshadtostudyatalocalcompany，whichchangeditsworkshopintoatemporaryclassroom.seriously(三)一词多义10.occurv.发生；被想起(1)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.发生(2)Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.被想起11.chargev.&n.主管，负责n.费用v.收费；控告；充电；进攻(1)Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole，theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.v.进攻(2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease？n.主管，负责(3)Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？v.收费(4)Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.v.控告(5)Themonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly$29，whichisquitereasonable.n.费用(6)Itbecamearoutineforustochargeourphonefrequentlyeveninaday.v.充电.长难句理解12.Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.句式分析本句为主从复合句。句首的Tofindout是目的状语，句子的主语是I，谓语动词went和recorded由and连接。what引导的是宾语从句。精美译文为了弄清楚人们发笑的时间和原因，我和几个助手去了当地的购物中心，记录了人们发笑之前的事情。13.Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.句式分析本句为复合句。that引导的是宾语从句。从句是主谓结构，主语是componentsofsleep，areseverelyaffected是被动结构；believedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtear是过去分词作定语，这本身是一个句型：sb./sth.be said/believed/reported to do，表示“据说/据认为/据报道”。精美译文该研究表明，在实验室里暴露于884兆赫无线信号时，被认为对日常(身体)损耗的恢复很重要的睡眠因子受到严重影响。强化练(二十四).单项填空1.Iinthesamepositiontoolong.Mylegshavefallenasleep.Shakeitalittlebeforeyougetup.(2019泰州四模)A.willsitB.havesatC.amsittingD.havebeensitting答案D解析句意为：我在相同的位置坐得太久了，腿麻了。站起来之前动一动。分析句意可知，本句为现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作，并有可能持续下去，其形式为：have/hasbeendoingsth.。故D选项正确。2.Thehealthofgardenplantsdependsonthesoiltheproperbalanceofmineralpieces，organicmatter，airandwater.(2019南京市盐城市高三一模)A.constructionB.conservationC.corporationD.composition答案D解析句意为：园林植物的健康取决于土壤的组成矿物质、有机物质、空气和水的适当平衡。construction建设，建筑；conservation保存，保护；corporation法人，公司；composition组成，成分。根据句意可知选D。3.Thatwomanwasalittlevagueatthetimebutsaidsomethingtotheeffectthatshetheprojectwithinthreedays.A.finishedB.willfinishC.wouldfinishD.willhavefinished答案C解析句意为：那位女士当时有点含糊其词，不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“withinthreedays”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故选C。4.Herdoctorindicatedthatevenaddinga(n) amountofdailyexercisewoulddramaticallyimproveherhealth.(2019南京市盐城市高三一模)A.modestB.equalC.considerableD.exact答案A解析句意为：她的医生表示，即使每天增加适度的锻炼，也会极大地改善她的健康状况。modest谦逊的，不大的，适度的；equal相等的，平等的；considerable相当多的，相当大的；exact准确的，精确的。根据句意可知选A。5.Fatherslovefortheirkidsseemstobeabitstrictandtough；，mothersloveseemstobelovingandcaring.A.anywayB.meanwhileC.moreoverD.otherwise答案B解析句意为：父亲对孩子的爱似乎有点严厉和强硬；相比之下，母亲的爱似乎充满了爱和关怀。meanwhile与此同时，对比之下，符合语境。anyway尽管，无论如何；moreover此外，而且；otherwise除此之外，否则。6.Mostsuccessfulpeoplethinkaboutthingsinnewanddifferentways：theyseeanopenwindow_othersseeacloseddoor.A.whereB.ifC.onceD.unless答案A解析句意为：大多数成功人士以新的和不同的方式思考事物：他们在别人看到一扇关闭的门的地方看到的是一扇敞开的窗户。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故选A。7.Describedasa“landmarkpartnership”，thedealbetweenSTATSportsandtheChineseFootballAssociationaspartofChinaspushforhostingandwinningaWorldCupby2050.A.seesB.wasseenC.isseenD.istosee答案C解析句意为：STATSports与中国足球协会之间的协议被称为“具有里程碑意义的合作伙伴关系”，它被视为中国努力在2050年之前主办和赢得一次世界杯的一部分。根据句意可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又see与thedeal之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。8.，Bob？Youvebeensoupsetallmorning.Icrashedmyfatherscar.A.WhatseatingyouB.WhataboutyouC.HowareyouD.Howdoyoudo答案A解析句意为：你怎么啦，鲍勃？你一早上都很沮丧。我撞坏了我爸爸的车。whatseatingyou你怎么了，是什么让你心烦，符合语境。whataboutyou你呢；howareyou你好吗；howdoyoudo你好。9.Somepeopleinvestigatedsaytheyprefertheoldergreentrainsmovingataslowerpace，whichallowpassengerstothebeautifulsceneryoutside.A.describeB.imagineC.appreciateD.recall答案C解析句意为：接受调查的一些人称，他们更喜欢那些行进速度稍慢的、古老一些的绿皮火车，那些火车使得乘客能够欣赏外面的美景。appreciate欣赏，符合语境。describe描述；imagine想象；recall回想起。10.WorldFoodDayiscelebratedeveryyeararoundtheworldonOct.16，thedateofthefoundingoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsin1945.A.indefenseofB.insearchofC.infavorofD.inhonorof答案D解析句意为：联合国粮食及农业组织于1945年10月16日成立，为纪念这一天，世界各地的人们把每年的这一天作为“世界粮食日”来庆祝。inhonorof为了纪念，符合语境。indefenseof为保卫，保护；insearchof搜寻，寻找；infavorof支持。.阅读理解A(2019宿迁市高三期末)Itisapsychologicalstrategythatallparentswillbefamiliarwith：insteadofscoldingamisbehavingchild，focusinsteadinrewardingthemforgoodbehaviour.Nowtheideaiswellreceivedoutsidethenursery，withimplicationsforeverythingfromrecyclingclothestopolicing.Consumersendupwithpilesofunwantedclothes.EveryyearintheUK，300,000tonnesendsupinlandfill235millionindividualitems.Nowhowever，appssuchasReGain，RegiveandStuffstraremakingitsimplerandmoreworthwhileforpeopletoreturntheirunwantedclobber.TheReGainappcanbeusedtofindoneof20,000drop-offpoints.Inreturn，thediligentconsumerearnsrewardssuchasdiscountcouponsforhighstreetretailers.StuffstrworksinpartnershipwithJohnLewistohelppeoplegetcashinreturnforunwanteditemsfromthechain.“Possiblytheonepredictionthatweeconomistsgetrightisthatifyouincentivise(激励) abehaviour，youwillgetmoreofit，”saysDrMatthewLevy，alecturerineconomicsattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.Hecitesresearch，includinghisown，showingthatfinancialincentivesencouragingregularexercise，stoppingsmokingandlosingweighteffectivelypromotehealthybehavioursandthatthereisnobacklashwhentheincentivesareremoved.“Ifanything，theincentivescanbeusedtojump-startahealthyhabitthatkeepsgoing，”hesays.Inthefourmonthsafteritslaunch，theReGainschemereceivedalmost17,000parcelscontaining47tonnesofusedclothesandshoes，ofwhich95%couldpotentiallybereused，accordingtoitsfounderJackOstrowski.“Weneedtofindawaytoinfluencebehaviour，anddiscountcouponshelp，”hesays.Theplatformisalsoworkingwithbrandsandretailerstofindwaystodivertusedclothesfromlandfillsandintotheproductionofnewclothes，headds.Otherrewardschemeshavehadsuccessinencouragingbehaviouralchange.WhenpoliceinCanadaissued“positivetickets”couponsforfreefoodormovieticketstorewardgoodbehaviouramongyoungpeople，theyreportedanalmost50%dropinyouth-relatedservicecalls.“MyofficerswouldsayIntheolddaysweddriveupinthepolicecarandthekidswouldrunawayfromus，nowtheyruntous.”Inasimilarventure，HullcitycouncilhaveannouncedplanstolaunchadigitalrewardtokentheHullCointhatcanbeearnedbyvolunteeringandspentatlocalretailers.Elsewhere，astudyontherecruitmentofhealthworkersinZambiafoundthathighlightingeconomicincentivesduringtherecruitmentprocesscausedfutureemployeestobemoremotivatedandtask-focused.“Obviouslydifferentgroupsaremotivatedbydifferentfactors，”saysOstrowski.“Forsome，thefeelgoodfactorisenough，andforothers，thatrewardstimulusisrequired.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是所有父母都熟悉的一种心理策略：与其责骂行为不端的孩子，不如专注于奖励他们的良好行为。11.DrMatthewLevymightagreethat.A.thereisanundesiredeffectwhentheincentivesareremovedB.economistsalwaysmakesomepredictionstoconvincepeopleC.usedclotheswouldberecycledviaincentives，otherwiseinlandfillD.financialincentivesarethekeytopeoplesgettingridofbadhabits答案C解析推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句“Ifanything，theincentivescanbeusedtojump-startahealthyhabitthatkeepsgoing，hesays.”可知，DrMatthewLevy可能同意旧衣服可以通过激励措施回收，否则就会被扔进垃圾填埋场。故选C。12.ThebenefitsoffinancialstimulusarementionedEXCEPT.A.increasingthesalesofclothingandfoodB.youngpeoplesbehavingwellinpublicC.leadingtopeoplesdisgustatsmokingD.futureemployeesconcentratingontasks答案C解析推理判断题。根据第八段可知A项提到了；根据倒数第五、六、七三段可知B项提到了；根据倒数第二段可知D项提到
展开阅读全文