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第4讲 议论文议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据和论证是不可缺少的三要素。考生在给出的材料和话题的基础上自由发挥，对所给材料进行判断、论述和发表个人观点。这种体裁有利于体现学生个性发展和思维的灵活性，符合新课程的理念。绝大部分议论文基本上宜用“三段式”的写法，具体来讲就是：第一段：开头引论。用以引出一个令人关注的话题(topic)，阐明观点或看法。第二段：主体本论。全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。第三段：结尾结论。对主体部分内容进行概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。议论文的写作较之于其他体裁的文章相对有规律可循，文章的开头具有一定的共性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处。因此使用规律性的语句不但可以显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。1段首常用语(1)We have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged by parks.(2)We have had a survey on whether students should be allowed to take mobile phones to school.(3)Different people hold different opinions/views.(4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/to . (5)People take different views on this question.(6)People have different opinions on this problem.2段落过渡常用语(1)Others have different opinions.(2)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of them are against the idea.(3)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ., but forty percent of them dont think so.(4)However, . of them hold a different view/ . of them hold the opposite opinion.(5)People who are against it dont think so.(6)However, every coin has two sides.3段尾常用语(1)As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that . (2)In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of . (3)Only in this way can . in the future.4议论文格式模板模板(1)：观点对比型There is a widespread concern over the issue that _ (作文题目). But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.The majority of people think that _ (观点一). In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude. In the first place, _ (原因一). Furthermore/In the second place, _ (原因二). So it goes without saying that _ (观点一)The other people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the idea that _ (观点二). In their point of view, on the one hand, _ (原因一). On the other hand, _ (原因二). Therefore, there is no doubt that _ (观点二)As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that _ (观点一或观点二). It is not only because _， but also because _. The more _， the more _.模板(2)：说明利弊型Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, _ (A的优点之一). Besides, _ (A的优点之二)But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _ (A的第一个缺点). To make matters worse, _ (A的第二个缺点)Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to _ (我的看法). From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it seriously and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way _ (对前景的预测)模板(3)：观点陈述型Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) _ (作文题目). It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no effort to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _ (途径一). In addition, another way contributing to successfully solving the problem is _ (途径二)Above all, to solve the problem of _ (作文题目), we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say，_ (方法陈述)假如你是高中生张萌。iPad已经成为中学生的新宠。上周你们班就中学生是否应该将iPad带进校园进行了一次讨论。请用英语写一篇短文，谈谈中学生使用iPad的情况。短文内容包括以下要点：1.iPad给中学生带来的好处；2.iPad给中学生带来的负面影响；3.你对中学生使用iPad的看法和建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 审题谋篇通思路本题要求就“iPad给中学生带来的好处或坏处”进行论述，可以分为四段：第一段：提出问题或现象中学生现在流行使用iPad。第二段：说明使用iPad的好处可以听音乐、下载学习资料等。第三段：说明iPad的负面影响在教室里使用使老师和同学很反感。第四段：表明自己的观点学校应该制定一些规定来引导学生使用iPad。修订提升争高分Nowadays, its fashionable for young students to own iPads. Should the students bring their iPads to school? Last week we had a heated discussion about it. (合并为一个复合句：1.Last_week_we_had_a_heated_discussion_about_whether_the_students_should_bring_their_iPads_to_school.)Some students are in favor of it, because they can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read them. Obviously, it is very helpful to their studies. (用“be ofn.”改写：2.Obviously,_its_of_great_help_to_their_studies.)However, others are against it. Some students bring their iPads to the classroom to listen to music with earphones and even play video games. It makes teachers and students greatly annoyed. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句：3.Some_students_bring_their_iPads_to_the_classroom_to_listen_to_music_with_earphones_and_even_play_video_games,_which_makes_teachers_and_students_greatly_annoyed.) In my opinion, the classroom is a place for studying, and concentration is terribly needed. Therefore, schools should make some rules to instruct the students to use iPads properly.过关检测(限时：25分钟/篇)(一)随着网络的日益发展，网店成为一种新时尚，并且越来越多的学生开始创办网店。假定你是李华，是校报记者，请以“学生是否可以开办网店”为主题给校报撰稿。支持反对你的观点1.早一步接触社会2.得到锻炼1.分心，影响学业2.社会经验少，容易被骗注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3标题和开头已写好，不计入总词数。Whether students should create online storesWith the Internet booming rapidly, creating an online store becomes fashionable. Meanwhile, more and more students are getting into the field to show their capabilities. 精彩范文Whether students should create online stores With_the_Internet_booming_rapidly,_creating_an_online_store_becomes_fashionable._Meanwhile,_more_and_more_students_are_getting_into_the_field_to_show_their_capabilities. But opinions on whether they should do it are divided into two aspects. Students who are in favour of it believe that it offers an opportunity to make them get in touch with society ahead of time. Whats more, it will toughen them better. On the contrary, its thought that creating online stores will distract students from their study. Moreover, so young are students that they would be taken in easily.As for me, creating online stores is a good idea, partly because we should gain and accumulate some experience before getting into society and partly because we need to achieve our maturity earlier. Just find the balance.(二)某英文刊物现向中学生征稿，题目为“How to deal with used books after graduation”。你作为一位即将高中毕业的学生有意向该刊投稿，请你在文中试举两三例处理方式，并且简单说明每种处理方式的利弊，最后谈谈你认为的最佳的处理方式及原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：参考书reference booksHow to deal with used books after graduation 精彩范文How to deal with used books after graduationIn the three senior high school years, we students have acquired much knowledge and consolidated our knowledge by doing plenty of exercises from the reference books we continually buy. When it comes to how to deal with these books after graduation, I think there are different ways.Throwing them away is of course the easiest way but a waste of money, material and even our wisdom because we have left some helpful marks in these books. Selling them to be recycled can be beneficial to our environment but it isnt a completely satisfying way. I think if we want to make full use of these books，we can send them to the younger ones who are poor but need them badly. Thus they not only save money but get the experience of learning from the books we used. Perhaps this is the best way to deal with our used books.强化特训11书面表达(六)(限时：25分钟/篇)1某英文网站正在就一位网友创作的漫画进行讨论。请仔细观察下面两幅漫画，并根据提示内容用英语发帖。内容包括：1描述漫画的内容；2揭示漫画的含义；3谈谈你的看法。注意：词数100左右。 精彩范文From the pictures we can see that things are quite different between the father and his son. When the boy was young, his father had to help him fix the toy car. But when the boy grows up, it is his turn to teach his father some new technology.The pictures suggest that the way of learning has changed. In the past, children depended on their parents for new knowledge. However, in modern times, the elder need young people to teach them new things.Personally, I think the young and the old should help each other. Only in this way can they gain new knowledge and strengthen their relationships.2(2019江南十校模拟)假设你是李华，请根据你对下面一幅图片的观察，给一家知名报社专栏“Voice Your Opinion”写一封信，谈谈你的观点与看法。注意：1.自选角度和内容；2词数100左右；3信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。Dear editor，In Chinese tradition, family reunion always plays a very important part in communication. Best wishes!Yours sincerely，Li Hua精彩范文Dear_editor，In_Chinese_tradition,_family_reunion_always_plays_a_very_important_part_in_communication. When a national holiday falls, members of a family will probably gather together to visit the seniors and enjoy being with each other. In this picture, we can see that grandchildren of different ages are surrounding their grandparents. However, all of them merely focus their attention on smartphones and nobody seems to talk with their grandparents willingly. We can imagine how helpless and disappointed their grandparents are at the sight of this. Behind the picture also lies the fact that smartphones are depriving us of facetoface communication with others, even among dearest ones. What a pity! I hope that we can respect the moments when we are together for a reunion and throw the smartphones aside!Best_wishes!Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua- 9 -
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