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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1patent n专利证书；专利权2courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3perfume n. 香水；香味4cube n. 立方体；立方5merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的6string n. 线；绳子；一串7valid adj. 有效的；确凿的8greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店9jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱10microphone n. 麦克风；话筒11dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的； 动态的；发展变化的12personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员13multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的n. 倍数14extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸15directory n. 电话簿；商行名录16rainfall n. 降雨纵联1 额头纵联2 能力；胜任；本领 .重点单词写其形1dial vt. 拨(电话)2claim n& vt. 要求；声称；主张3abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的纵联3 抓住；捉住；夺5file n. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将归档6ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的7bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担8tap v. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头9stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的10current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的纵联4 被动的；消极的；被动语态的.拓展单词通其变1distinguish vi. & vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的2merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n宽恕；仁慈3product n产品produce v生产producer n生产者；制片人4convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n方便；便利conveniently adv.便利地5caution n小心；谨慎cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地6expectation n预料；期待；期望expect v预料；期待；期望；认为7recognition n认出；认可；承认recognize vt.认出；承认8freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freeze v冰冻frozen adj.冻结的9identification n鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identity n身份；同一性identical adj.同一的；完全相同的identify v确定；鉴别10innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的innocence n天真；清白11occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地occasional adj.偶然的occasion n时机；机会；场合12associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴association n联系；联盟；协会13practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practice n& vt.实践；练习纵联1.前缀fore单词集锦forehead n额头forearm n前臂forecast vt.预报 foresee vt.预见；预知foreword n前言 foretell v预言；预示纵联2.不容错过的ence结尾名词competence能力；胜任 absence缺席；不存在adolescence青春期 coincidence巧合；一致convenience方便；便利 conscience良心；良知consequence结果；后果 independence独立纵联3.好好“抓住”seize抓住；捉住 catch抓住；接住grasp抓住；掌握 capture抓住；俘获catch hold of抓住 get hold of抓住纵联4.后缀ive形容词集锦passive被动的 active主动的positive积极的 negative消极的subjective主观的 objective客观的impressive印象深刻的 aggressive争强好胜的alternative可供选择的 conservative保守的单元话题发明子话题科学发明science n科学scientist n科学家scientific adj.科学的 analyse v分析invent v. 发明 create v创造creative adj.有创造力的 creativity n创造力register v登记；注册 advantage n. 优势simplify v简化 equip v. 装备；配备conclude v总结 research n. 研究accurate adj. 精确的 download v下载 technology n技术 replace v. 取代function n功能 contribution n贡献学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2018北京高考阅读C)Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identifythe cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”加彩单词在此为词，意为：确认；鉴定，在本单元中的名词为：identification写出produce在本单元的同根名词：product写出加彩词在本单元的同根名词：expectation2(2015湖南高考)If the copyright date of your currentdictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider investing in a more recent edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizeschanges in meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. This is reflected in an uptodate dictionary.加彩词在此处为形容词，意为：当前的；现在的写出加彩词在句中的含义：动态的；发展变化的写出recognize在本单元的同根名词：recognition，短语beyond recognition意为：认不出来高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018江苏高考书面表达)无可否认，这种排名可能会给消费者带来便利，但它们也往往会误导消费者，尤其是当我们在网上购买产品时。(convenience, product)There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers,_but_they_are_often_misleading_consumers_especially_when_we_purchase_products_online.2(2016浙江高考书面表达)然而，一项计划如果没有实际执行和实用性，就不会有任何成果。(bear, practical)However,_a_plan_can_bear_no_fruit_without_being_actually_carried_out_and_practical.(二)课堂重点释疑1distinguish vt.& vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别记牢(1)distinguish between A and B区分A和Bdistinguish . from . 把与区分开来distinguish oneself as 作为而出名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的； 杰出的be distinguished for . 因而出名be distinguished as . 作为而出名练通单句语法填空(2017江苏高考)They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.As we all know, she has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.写美补全句子(2017全国卷书面表达)剪纸作为一种传统的艺术形式而出名，在中国有着1 500多年的历史。Papercutting is_distinguished_as_a_traditional_art_form,_which has a history of more than 1,500 years in China. 2bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；生育；结果实；带有；携带辨清写出下列句中bear的含义Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担She couldnt bear the thought of leaving her parents.忍受She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育The document bore her signature, address and telephone number.带有记牢(1)bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事bear sb./sb.s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事bear/keep in mind that . 记住练通单句语法填空I cant bear young people casting (cast) away their youth. (2018全国卷)He turned up at the hospital bearing (bear) gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. 写美用bear的短语升级加彩部分(2015福建高考书面表达)Please remember that hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.bear_in_mind 3associate vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴记牢(1)associate . with .使与联系起来associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系(2)be associated with 与有关(3)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团in association with 与联合/有关联练通单句语法填空If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.He always associates (associate) the smell of those flowers with his happy childhood. 写美补全句子(2017全国卷书面表达)这次展览是由当地政府联合一些剪纸艺术家共同组织的。This exhibition was organized by the local government in association with several papercutting artists.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.2The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside.3This year, the price of farm products (产品) is likely to go up as a result of drought.4You need special software to view the information in the file(s) (文件)5The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable (稳定的)6The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (当前的) affairs.7The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.8Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a relatively high freezing (结冰的) point.9A book had been stolen, but the teacher said he was sure Tom was innocent (清白的)10We should try our best to put the enemy in a passive (被动的) position.单句语法填空1The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) right from wrong.2Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.3We all have an expectation (expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.4If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful (mercy) towards others.5The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.6Health is frequently thought to be_associated (associate)with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.7The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket.8In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.9I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition.10You need to approach that animal with caution as it may bite you abruptly.根据提示补全句子1色盲的人通常很难区分红色和绿色。(distinguish)Colorblind people often find it difficult to_distinguish_between_red_and_green.2妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。(bear)My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success. 3你四点钟接我并把我送到机场方便吗？(convenient)Would it be_convenient_for_you_to_pick_me_up at four oclock and take me to the airport?4如果他那时抓住了那次机会，他现在就会是这个新部门的经理了。(seize)If_he_had_seized_the_opportunity_at_that_time,_he would be the new department manager now.5记忆总是和我们的情感联系在一起的。(associate)Memories are_always_associated_with our feelings.语境辨义根据语境选出动词seize的词义(A)抓住(B)夺取；攻占(C)扣押 (D)把握(机会)1If he hadnt seized the chance of escaping from the burning building, he might have lost his life._D_2He was seizing her by the arm when I saw him._A_3They seized the airport in a surprising attack._B_4A large quantity of drugs was seized last weekend._C_(一)课前自主学习串记1 回复电话2ring_off 挂断电话3set_about 开始；着手串记2 偶尔；有时5set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)6call_up 给打电话；使想起串记3 迅速把手伸入；一心投入8hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持9out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障10get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)； (设法)做完；通过；熬过同根短语串记串记1.“动词back”短语一览ring/call back 回复电话bring back 带回；使恢复look back 回顾keep back 隐瞒；忍住hold back 控制住take back 拿回；撤销串记2.“偶尔；有时”全接触now and then 偶尔；有时now and again 有时；时而from time to time 有时；偶尔at times 偶尔；有时once in a while 偶尔；有时on occasion 偶尔；有时occasionally adv. 偶尔sometimes adv. 有时串记3.“v.into”短语荟萃dive into一心投入 burst into突然闯入run into撞上 look into调查break into破门而入 turn into变成1get rid of 摆脱2with great caution 小心翼翼3repeat the second procedure 重复第二个步骤4seize the opportunity 抓住机会5get new ideas accepted 让新思想被人接受6a computer programme 一项电脑程序7bank balance 银行卡余额8occupy your mind 占据你的思想9have a flash of inspiration 灵机一动10a moving electrical current 流动的电流11improve the quality of everybodys life 提高每个人的生活质量1Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when_cooled.在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。2The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。3Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。4The patent was given in 1876, but it_was_not_until_five_days_later_that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.这项专利是1876年授予的，但直到五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发送了第一个电话信息。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的短语(补全句子)1(2015江苏高考完形填空)Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to get_through (熬过) my own cancer experience?2(2011江西高考阅读A)Jessicas parents were still quite angry with each other.Her mother was ironing clothes and every now_and_then (偶尔) she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)1(2017北京高考书面表达)在激烈的讨论之后，我们开始制作一段视频来记录我们在学校的经历。三周后，我们成功地完成了它。After a heated discussion, we set_about_making/set_out_to_make_a_video to record our experiences at school.Three weeks later, we managed to_get_through_it.2(2015北京高考书面表达)希望今年夏天在训练营见到你，我们可以一起玩得很开心。(祈使句and陈述句)Hope_to_meet_you_at_the_training_camp_this_summer,_and we can have fun together.3(2018江苏高考书面表达)真正重要的不是排名，而是你的合理判断。(强调句型)_It_is not the ratings but your sound judgment that_really_counts.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1call up给打电话；使想起记牢call off取消；停止call for 要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)call at 拜访(某地)call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求练通选用上述短语填空The photo calls_up the story of my childhood. Dont let anything call_off your attention from your studies. Success in school calls_for much hard work.Mr. White called_at my house after he finished his speech.写美补全句子(2016北京高考书面表达)地球日前一周，在我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入到这个“让地球变得更绿”的活动中来。A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling on/upon us to join in the activity for a greener earth.2get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；熬过；用完辨清 写出下列句中get through的含义I managed to get through the task and the effort was worth it in the end.做完I couldnt get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 设法联系上Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through._通过The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more. 用完记牢get (sth.) across (to sb.)使(某事)被(某人)理解get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事get over熬过；克服(困难)；从中恢复过来练通选用上述短语填空How can I get it across to you how important this is?I think the problem can be got_over without much difficulty. According to Lee, it was Bens carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrongdoing.写美翻译句子(2018浙江高考写作)作为一个外向的女孩，我几乎和我身边的每个人都相处得很好。As_an_outgoing_girl,_I_nearly_get_along_well_with_everyone_around_me.句式集释祈使句and陈述句教材原句Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.悟拓展例句(1)Follow_your_doctors_advice,_and you will get better soon.遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。(2)Dont leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined.不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。(3)It is really dangerous. One more step, and_the_baby_will_fall_into the well.真危险，多走一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。析用法规则(1)祈使句and陈述句If .，主句(2)祈使句or/or else/otherwise陈述句If .，主句(3)名词词组and陈述句背写作佳句(1)(2018全国卷书面表达)Dont be too talkative, or you may leave a poor impression on others.(要点句)(2)(2018浙江高考写作)Give me a chance, and I will reward you with more.(总结句)词块、句式过关综合训练.选词填空out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up， ring back， set out 1I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2When I asked if I was speaking to the manager Jones, he simply rang_off.3The thief dived his hand into my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away.4Sorry to hear that youve failed the exam.If only you had set_about studying hard earlier!5Its the love and responsibility that have driven him to get_through many hardships and survive.6The engines of the ship were out_of_order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.7The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.8As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood.9If you want to catch that train, youd better set_out for the station immediately.10Ill ring_back as soon as I find out anything.句型转换/补全句子1If it is convenient for you, you can come and see me.Come_and_see_me whenever its convenient for you.2He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.So fast did_he_walk that I couldnt keep up with him.3She found that the door was broken in when she came back home.She found the door broken_in when she came back home.4必要时你可以给我打电话。(状语从句的省略)You may give me a call when_necessary.5直到老师进了教室学生才停止说话。(强调句型)It_was_not_until_the_teacher_entered_the_classroom_that the students stopped talking.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。I often hear parents say, “My child does not tell me anything.” Children go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years, when they find no proper reason to communicate with their parents except when they have their most basic needs or their material desires.Adolescence, the period of childrens life when they are most vulnerable (脆弱的) to outside influences, is a relatively scary time for parents. Children of this age become the target of many negative influences while at the same time they are experiencing hormones that are raging out of control. But parents should not be fooled by their childrens rejection and rudeness. In fact, children expect the constant support, guidance, and influence from their parents.I come from a family where anger always lies just below the surface, waiting for an excuse to erupt. My parents often said that my sisters and I could tell them anything. Though they promised not to be angry at whatever we would say, they couldnt do it. Without the emotional support from my parents during my most vulnerable years, I often found myself losing my temper easily and even doing risky behavior.There is no certain standard about parenting, but I knew exactly what I should not do after I became a parent. I knew the importance of establishing open communication and trust, which resulted in my proper reactions and my childrens trust.Our home is a quiet place, a shelter for my childrens emotional wellbeing. My children can freely share with me what happened in their lives, whether good or bad, shocking or humorous. As their mother, I rarely raised my voice and my reactions to their telling about their improper behavior remained calm, no matter how I felt inside.Parenting was far from easy. It took patience, persistence, and consistency. Everyone hopes for good relationships with their children, and everyone can have them. The theory is simple: trust is the lock communication is the key.写作步骤第一步：归纳主旨大意主旨大意：本文是议论文。作者通过讲述自己青少年时期的经历及自己做了母亲后与孩子的互动，论述了应该如何成为合格的父母。短文结构分析：全文分为四个部分。第一部分(第一段)：父母抱怨处于青春期的孩子不和自己交流；第二部分(第二、三段)：父母不要被青春期孩子的表面做法所迷惑；第三部分(第四、五、六段)：我青少年时期的家庭成长环境以及我为人母之后的做法；第四部分(第七段)：如何成为好的父母。第二步：提炼关键词Part 1：1.I often hear parents say, “My child does_not_tell_me_anything.” 2Children go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years.Part 2：3.Adolescence, the period of childrens life when they are most vulnerable to outside_influences,_is a relatively scary_time for parents.4Children of this age become the_target_of_many_negative_influences while at the same time they are experiencing hormones that are raging out of control. Part 3：5.I knew the importance of establishing open communication and trust, which resulted in my proper reactions and my childrens trust.6My children can freely share with me what_happened in their lives.Part 4：7.Everyone hopes for good_relationships with their children, and everyone can have them.8The theory is simple: trust is the lock communication is the key.第三步：合并和改写1要点1和2合并：Many parents feel puzzled at their childrens behavior when they go through certain periods, particularly during their adolescent years.改写：Many parents feel puzzled about what_to_do_with their adolescent children.2要点3和4合并：Adolescence is a relatively scary time for parents because it is likely that children of this age are influenced by hormones and something negative. 改写：Adolescence is scary for parents because their children are_likely_to be influenced by hormones and something negative.3要点5和6合并：It is important to establish open communication and trust, and children can freely share with us what happened in their lives.改写：To solve the problem, parents should know their childrens true_thoughts and needs clearly.4要点7和8合并：The two important factors in building good relationships with their children for parents are trust and communication.改写：Trust_and_communication are two important factors in building good relationships with their c
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