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Unit4 Behind beliefs重点词汇讲解学案重点单词和短语1. expression n. 1) 词，词组；措辞The expression “in the family way” means “pregnant”. 词组“in the family way”的意思是“怀孕”。2) 表情Petra looked at her plate with an expression of disgust. 彼得拉看着自己盘子里的食物，面露厌恶的表情。3) 表达，表示The minister gave expression to his anger in an attack on the government last night. 这位部长昨晚对政府进行了攻击，表达了他的愤怒。4) 表露，展现Toms potential artistic talents found their expression in music. 汤姆的艺术潜能在音乐中得以体现。wear a delighted/ sad expression 带着愉快的（悲伤的）表情 beyond/ past expression 无法形容地，无法表达地翻译：新娘美得无法形容。_2. by and by 不久，过一会儿e.g. The pain will go away _.A .little by little B. step by step C. by and by译为：疼痛一会儿就会消失。 little by little渐渐，逐渐step by step 逐步地3.underline vt.在下划线，为划底线；强调（=emphasize）n.c 底线 draw an underline 1) Underline the most important words2) 用心读划线的部分Read the underlined part carefully.3)He underlined the importance of cooperation at the meeting. ( )强调合作的重要性4. mend ones way 改邪归正，改过自新In the past, he was a troublemaker, but now he has mended his way. 过去，他是个惹事生非的人，但现在已经改邪归正了。 mend a fault 改正错误Crying will not mend matters. 哭无济于事。The patient is mending nicely. 病人正在日益好转。It is never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。 联想：1）find ones way out 找到出路 2） feel ones way 摸索着前进3）fight ones way 突破-而前进 4）make ones way （艰难）朝-走5）force ones way 挤出一条路 6) by the way (副) 顺便问一下 7) by way of (介) 经过,经由 8) give way to 让路;(对要求等)屈从,让步9)in any way (副) 不管怎样;好歹 10)in a way (副) 在某种程度上,从某方面来说;e.g. You are correct in a way.(从某方面来说,你是正确的)She is strange in a way.(她有点怪.)in no way(副) 决不 in the way 妨碍(某人)lead the way 领路,带路;指导on the / ones way (副)1)在途中;2)在接近(某状态),渐趋于under way (船只)航行中，（计划等）进行中The project got under way after some delays. (那项计划在稍延迟之后开始进行)5. passage n. 1) 过道，走廊Marys room is just along the passage. 玛丽的房间就在走廊的那一边。2) 通道，通路We forced a passage through the crowd. 我们从人群中挤出一条通道。3) 一段，一节You will understand the whole text after reading the first passage.读了第一段之后，你就会理解整个课文了。6. in other words: that is to say :namely 换言之，也就是说 In other words, our objective is to avoid losing. 也就是说，我们的目标是要避免失败。拓展：1) find the words 用恰当的语言表达She only wished she could find the words to express her affection for the old man. 她只想希望用恰当的语言表达对这位老人的感情。失信，食言 _ 信守诺言 _总之 _ 逐字地 _与某争吵_, 和某人说句话 _有消息说 _有消息说将军将来视察军队_留言 _你的同学留言说他今晚来看你 _Translate: 昨天他为一件小事跟同学吵架了._.7. competence u.n.= the ability to do something well 能力，胜任， 本领、be able to do =be capable of doing have competence in doing sth/ to do sth.e.g.1）我们有能力自己解决下岗工人问题We have competence in solving/to solve the laid-off workers problems ourselves. 2) What you have said is beyond the childrens competence to understand.（超出孩子的理解能力）8. communication n.-v. communicatecommunicate 1）vi.与交流，沟通，取得联系 communicate with sb. e.g. We communicate with each by letter (telephone). 我们用书信（电话）联络。2）vt.传达（信息等），传递，通知 communicate sth. to sb. e.g.He communicated his intention to me. 他把他的意向告诉了我。9. polish1) polish vt. 磨光，擦亮，提高，改进He polished his floor with a special chemical.他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦亮地板。2) polish up 磨光，擦亮，提高，改进He polished up an old copper coin.他擦亮了一枚古铜币。Ill need to polish up my French if Im going to France for my holidays.如果我想去法国旅游，我需要提高我的法语。3) polish off 吃完，完成He polished up a plate of fish in no time at all他瞬间就吃完了一盘子鱼。4) polish n.鞋油，去污剂，亮彩，磨擦Your shoes need a polish.你的鞋需要擦一擦。He bought a tin of brown polish.他昨天买一听褐色鞋油。10. suffering n.- v. suffer suffer vi.受痛苦，受苦难 vt.遭受（苦痛损失等）；忍受（主要用于疑问句和否定句）suffer+ pain (loss, grief, punishment, wrong, hardship, discouragement, damage etc.)遭受疼痛损失等 suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害，疾病等所带来的苦难1) _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered2) Though we have _ serious natural calamities(灾难), we are sure to smooth away all difficulties.A. suffered B. suffered fromC. were struck with D. met with11. sacrifice n./vt. make a sacrifice/ sacrifices for 为某人做出牺牲at (great) sacrifice做出牺牲at the sacrifice of 介 牺牲sell at a sacrifice贱卖，削价出售e.g.1).Parents often make sacrifices for their children.( 做出牺牲)2).He achieved his success at great sacrifice.他做了很大的牺牲才获得成功3).At the sacrifice of his comfort, he allowed the guest to use his bed.12. figure 1)figure n. 数字；钱数His score is now well into double figures. 他的得分现在已达到两位数了。It is estimated that his property is up to a figure of $200 million. 据估计他的财产已达两亿美元的金额。2) figure n. 体形，体态How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?她吃这么多，究竟是怎样保持优美的身材的？3) figure n. 人物，重要人物He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。4) figure n. 人影I cant make out a dark figure in the distance. 我看不清远处的一个黑色人影。5) figure v. (经过思考后)认为，以为I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。6) figure v. 计算Larry figured his expenses for the past month. 拉里计算了他上个月的开支。词组： figure out 想出，理解（某事）Can you figure out how to do it?你能想出这件事该怎么办？It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out. 我花几个小时才算出那些代数题。13. merciful adj. The barrister 律师urged the judge to be merciful.She is always merciful to the prisoners. 对怜悯-n. mercy 怜悯，饶恕，同情 mercy killing 安乐死show mercy to sb /have mercy on sb怜悯某人at the mercy of sb/sth任摆布Its a mercy that she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。14. overhear vt. overheard ,overheard偶然听到，无意中听到l overhear /hear sth I overheard a conversation between two boys on the bus.我在公共汽车上无意中听到两个男孩的谈话l overhear/hear sb doing sthWe overheard them arguing.。我们碰巧听到他们吵嘴。l overhear/ hear sb do sthI overheard him say he was going to France.我偶然听见他们说他要去法国。15. picture vt .想象；描绘；照片显示We find it hard to picture him as the father of teenage sons.我很难想象他居然是有几个十几岁儿子的父亲了。I tried to picture what it would be like to live alone.我努力设想一个人单独生活是什么情景。She is pictured here with her parents.这张照片显示她和父母在一起。16. instruct. vt指示，吩咐，命令；The letters instructed him to report to headquarters上级immediately.I have instructed them to keep the room locked.我已经吩咐他们那房间要上锁。Tom arrived at 6 oclock as instructedinstruct sb about sth拓展】instruct作动词，还可表示“教授，传授(技能等)；告知，通知”。如：His uncle instructed him in GermanI have been instructed that you owe me $50n. instruction知识指示，命令；用法说明；adj. instructive 有教育意义的；提供丰富基础的；有益的17. salary/ income/ pay/wages/ fee 辨析salary 薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员，记者，教师等的薪水。income 收入，收益，进款统称pay money paid for regular work薪水，工资；最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府工作的薪给wages 复，工资；指劳动者的工资，工人等的工资，特指以时间计酬，或日薪，周薪等短期结算的劳动报酬，说much 或little wages是对的；不说many或few wagesfee 手续费，薪金；指付给律师，医生或其他人的谢金或手续费18. possession. un.具有，持有get /win possession of the ball 争球cn.所有物；财产；殖民地 takethe possession of sth in the possession of sth被占有，控制 占据某物；住在某处所中While they are in possession we cant sell the house.他们还住着这房子，我们无法出售。 v. possess持有，具有某品质；控制，支配人的思想19. circumstance n. 1)情况，情形I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her. 我想象不出一种我会跟她吵架的情形。2)under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。3)in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此The result was the best that could be expected under the circumstances. 在这种情况下，这是我们能期待的最好结果。4)无法控制的因素，环境，境遇Force of circumstance compelled us to leave. 形势所迫， 我们不得不走。联想： in no case,; at no time; by no means20. list v“把列入一览表”。如：The koala is listed among Australias endangered animals拓展】(1)list作动词，还表示“列清单；把列表”。如： Our teacher asked us to list our ten favourite novels(2) list n.“名单；一览表” 。 She used to make a list of all the things she wanted to buy before going shopping 一、语法知识归纳I. 复杂句子的分析句型构成例示分析长的简单句一个主语和谓语Islam was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad.主语：Islam谓语：was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad并列句由两个或两个以上分句，由并列连词and, or, but, for连接。Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.分句一：Honey is sweet 分句二：the bee stings 连接词：but复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。Soon came the news that Germany has declared war on Russia.主句：Soon came the news从句：that Germany has declared war on Russia(同位语从句)复合并列句并列部分和从属部分同时用在一个句子中。He shouted to attract our attention and asked us if we had won the previous days match.并列部分：He shouted to attract our attention and asked从句：if we had won the previous days match II. 简单句的基本句型复习句子构成例示主动补 (SVC)结构The man is a teacher.主动 (SV)结构Iron rusts.主动宾(SVO)结构Liverpool won the game.主动宾宾(SVOO)结构Mary lent me her car.主动宾补(SVOC)结构We made him our spokesman.III. 并列连词的拓展代表词引申的并列词例示andbothand, not onlybut (also), as well as, andas well, notnor, neither.norThey can both sing and dance.She can neither speak nor read French.orWhetheror., eitherorEither the president will resign through ill-health, or he will die in office.butwhile, whereas, onlySome of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.Id love to come, only I have to work.forfor: 对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因，只能置于句末。The doctor must have sat up all night with his patient, for you see, he looks tired and sleepy.IV. 复合句分类复习复合句汇总分类例示定语从句限制性定语从句Those who want to go please sign their names here.非限制性定语从句We will put off the outing until the next week, when we wont be so busy.名词性从句主语从句Whether he will come or not is unknown.宾语从句Please tell me whether or not you agree with him.表语从句This is where I dont agree.同位语从句I have no idea when she will be back.状语从句时间状语从句Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.原因状语从句Now that you are all here, lets try and reach a decision.目的状语从句We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time.结果状语从句Bring it near so that I may see it better.条件状语从句As long as we dont lose heart, we will find a way to overcome the difficulty.让步状语从句Though we fight like cat and dog, we still love each other.比较状语从句Shes no less active than he used to be. (She is as active as he used to be.)方式状语从句He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat.V. 复杂句子的分析举例复杂句子句子分析That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was first discovered by Paster, who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use.（一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以应用到医疗上去。）1. 主语：That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species（主语从句）2. 谓语： was discovered3. 状语： first and by Pasteur4. 从句： who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use（非限制性定语从句修饰Paster.，内含that 引导的宾语从句）Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. （她受过重刑，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。）1. 主语： she2. 谓语： remained so cheerful and confident3. 状语： eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. (表示伴随状态)；ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures.(让步状语从句, 两处状语均用来修饰谓语。)The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. （目前的问题是，很多人把努一把力能做到的事看成是做不到的。）1. 主语： the present question2. 谓语： is + that 引导的表语从句3. 在表语从句中：a.主语：many people b. 谓语：consider c. 复合宾语：impossible what is really possible d. 状语从句：if effort is made
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