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代词【考纲解读】代词是高中英语的难点,又是高考的重点和热点。英语中的代词种类繁多,有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词等。主要考点: 1.代词的分类; 2.人称代词的格,物主代词的用法;3.指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法。 今后高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进:加强语境的真实性和复杂性,注意人称代词和物主代词的语境判别;加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。 【预习导学】一、人称代词形式句法功能主格_主要用作主语，有时用作表语宾格_作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格作表语She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。二、物主代词形式句法功能形容词性物主代词_作定语名词性物主代词_作主语、宾语或表语He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。三、反身代词形式句法功能_作宾语、表语或同位语The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。名师指津含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself 独自地 for oneself 亲自come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself 自己穿衣behave oneself 举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座，入座make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学adapt/ adjust oneself to 适应于四、指示代词指示代词用法_指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物_指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物_指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数_代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。Is James coming tonight?I think so, but Im not sure.詹姆斯今晚会来吗？我想会的，但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other可数名词复数othersthe other/the othersthe other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other可数名词复数the othersAs the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take _ and _ of them is very important to me.因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?Im sorry. _ will suit me. Ill be away on business during that period.星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。You are a team star！Working with _ is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 _ side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。(二)复合不定代词的用法某任何每个；所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingThere is _ in his words. We should have a try.他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有a few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有a little修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多_ of us can speak four foreign languages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。I have _ friends, but my younger sister has very _.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。She can speak _ French, but she knows _ English.她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1it用作人称代词，用来指代_。The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2it指_等。Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由_充当。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without .为真正的主语)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for .为真正的宾语)He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where . 为真正的宾语)知识积累常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：It is a pity/shame that .真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看起来It looks/seems as if/though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that . 据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间主语表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/count on等)itthat/if/when .I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。【考点突破】考点1 考查人称代词，物主代词和反身代词 考题精练 1.(2016全国)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it)mother.2.(2016全国改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 注意: 形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father“她的父亲”。 “of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine“我的一个朋友”。 She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么了。 He didnt use his ink. He used mine. 他没有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的(墨水)。 He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。 考点2 考查it的用法 考题精练 1.(2015浙江)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?2.(2014大纲)Whos that at the door? is the milkman. 注意： 1.it作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。 Its no use arguing with him.与他争辩是没有用的。 2.注意下列句型中的it。 (1)It is+时间段+since.自从以来多久了 (2)It was+时间段+before+过去时 多久以后才 (3)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时 多久之后才能 (4)It wont be long before.不久就 (5)It is/was+被强调部分+that. (6)It is (high) time that sb should do/did. 到了的时候了 (7)It be (just) like sb to do.像某人做某事的风格 (8)It be+the+序数词+time+that.这是某人第几次做 (9)I dislike it when.我讨厌 (10)I would appreciate it if.如果我感激不尽 (2014陕西)Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来我将感激不尽。考点3 考查none，nothing，no one的区别 考题精练 1.(2015四川)Niki is always full of ideas, butis useful to my knowledge. 2.(2012江西)My brother would like to buy a good watch butwas available from that shop. 注意： 1.none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语,而nothing,no one不可。 None of us went to the concert last night.昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。 2.none可以用来回答How many.或How much.的问题,而no one (nobody)和nothing则分别用来回答Who.和What.的问题。 How many students in your class went to the lecture?你们班有多少学生去听报告了? None.一个也没有。 Who did you see enter the lonely house?你看见谁进了那幢偏僻的房子吗? Nobody.一个人都没进。 3.none可以指代前面提到的人或物;no one (nobody)和nothing没有这种用法。 He has a brother,but I have none.他有一个兄弟,而我一个也没有。 考点4 考查none，neither，all，both，either，any的区别 考题精练 1.(2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions. 2.(2014江西)When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon? .Ill be in all day. 注意： 1.none表示“三者或三者以上都不”;neither表示“两者都不”。 2.all表示“三者或三者以上都”;both表示“两者都”。 3.any表示“三者或三者以上中任何一个”;either表示“两者中任何一个”。 Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her enthusiasm for life.尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重疾病的折磨,但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。 Neither of the two boys is/are clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。 None of the boys is/are clever. 没有一个男孩是聪明的。 He has two boys. Both of them are clever. 他有两个儿子。他们都聪明。 All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那儿。 考点5 考查another，（the）other，（the）others的区别 考题精练 1.(2015陕西)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the. 2(2014福建)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks. 注意： 1.other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。 Ill come again some other day.我改日再来。 2.another用于泛指三者或三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”,所修饰名词前不加冠词。 I dont want this one.Please give me another.我不想要这一个,请给我另一个。 3.the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。 She has two children.One is a boy;the other is a girl.她有两个孩子,一个是男孩,另一个是女孩。 4.others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。 Some say yes,and others say no.有人说对,有人说不对。 5.the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。 There are fifty students in our class.Thirty of us are girls;the others are boys.我们班有五十个学生,三十个是女生,其余的是男生。考点6 考查不定代词 考题精练 1.(2015重庆)The meeting will be held in September , but knows the date for sure. 2.(2014大纲) I think Mrs Stark could be between 50 and 60 years of age. 注意： some, any, every, no常与-one,-body,-thing构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有something,anything,nothing,everything,someone=somebody,everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody等。 some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当some-类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时,表示希望得到肯定回答。any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何”之意。由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词通常可以互换使用。 (2014安徽)You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。 考点7 考查one，that，it，those的区别 考题精练 1.(2015天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools. 2.(2013浙江)Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. 3.(2012四川)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 4.(2012辽宁)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me? 注意： 1.it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,而one所代替的是同类事物中的“一个”,one=a/an+名词,它可以用来代替可数名词单数,其复数形式是ones。 I cant find my pen.Do you see it?我找不到我的钢笔了。你看见它了吗? I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.我需要一辆自行车,可我没钱买。 2.that=the+名词,它既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,它所代替的也是同类事物。His behavior was not that of a gentleman.他的行为不是正人君子的行为。3.those替代上文中提到的复数名词,既可指人,也可指物,those指人时,后须跟定语。At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.在我们厂里,有一些类似于这本杂志里描述的机器。【方法总结】方法1明确指代法 在解答代词类题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体来说应从以下几方面考虑：1)代词指代的是人还是物；2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念；4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。 (1)The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. A.that B.this C.it D.one 解析句意为：西安市中心的房租比这个城市内其他地段的房租都贵。首先将此句改为：The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.，然后考虑用that代替特指的不可数名词the cost。 (2)The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country. A.so B.much C.that D.it 解析句意为：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处要用it作形式宾语，其他词没有这种用法。 方法2理清逻辑法 理清逻辑法主要是通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系来做出正确判断。具体来说应从以下方面去考虑：1)代词所表示的范围；2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。 (1)If our parents do everything for us children，we wont learn to depend on _. A.themselves B.them C.us D.ourselves 解析句意为：如果我们的父母为我们这些孩子做了所有的一切，我们就学不会独立。由句意和句中的we可排除A、B两项；空格处用反身代词作宾语与主语保持一致。 (2)You are a team star！Working with _ is really your cup of tea. A.both B.either C.others D.the other 解析句意为：你是一个有团队精神的人，与别人合作对你来说太容易了。others其他人；both两者都；either(两者之中)任一的；the other两者中的另外一个。A、B、D三项均不符合句意。 【扩展交流】典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2016太原市模拟)I often watched them carefully so as to learn his techniques._(1)代词单复数的错用人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文确定单复数。(2013陕西高考)We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. (2016太原市测评)Ive always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in Englishspeaking countries like your to practise and improve my English._(2)物主代词的错用形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名词；名词性物主代词相当于名词，常单独使用，不能修饰名词。(2013新课标全国卷)He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful.(2016洛阳高三一模)First of all, you should respect you or no one would respect you._(3)反身代词与人称代词的错用反身代词是指代主语的，使动作的发出者把动作反射到本人身上；若所用代词与主语不一致，就要用人称代词而不用反身代词。(2015陕西高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. (2015四川高考)Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. (2013浙江高考)Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”_(4)不定代词的错用some(thing)与any(thing)：一般来说前者用于肯定句，后者用于疑问句和否定句；many与much：many代替可数名词，much代替不可数名词；the other与another：表示“两者中的另一个”用the other，而表示“(三者以上)另外的一个”用another。(2014四川高考)Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off . If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom._(5)代词与其所指代的对象不符代词主要是用来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的，因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。否则就会出现代词指代错误。【当堂达标】.在空白处填入适当的代词1I hate _ when the weather is foggy.2When _ comes to playing football, Mike came to life.3My uncle made _ to the station before the train pulled out.4I feel _ my duty to look after my sick mother.5The students are doing a thorough cleaning. Some are cleaning the windows. _ are sweeping the floor.6You must see to _ that the machine functions well.7You can make it on Saturday or Sunday. _ is OK to me.8There are two shirts on the shelf but _ fits me well.9I want to drink some water but _ is left in the bottle.10_ of his parents are fond of modern art and they often go to see the works on show.11I want a pen, _ that writes well.12The weather in my hometown is warmer than _ in this town.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)If you know me well, you would know I dont like birthday parties. At least, I dont like birthday parties given for _1_. I enjoy them when theyre for _2_， but when theyre for me, I just dont like _3_.I remember one birthday party some friends of _4_ had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told _5_ best friend Henry that I didnt want a party and I made him promise he wouldnt do _6_. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe _7_.On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I dont know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual _8_ went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you. Happy birthday to you.”And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room._9_ had got my roommates key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset _10_ plans by going in just to wash my hands.参考答案预习导学一、人称代词主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they宾格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them二、物主代词形容词性物主代词 my, our, your, his, her, its, their名词性物主代词 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs三、反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves四、指示代词this/these that/those such so五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法 Both either Neither others Neither the other(二)复合不定代词的用法 something Nothing(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法 Few a few few a little little六、it的用法1. 事物或上文提到过的内容2. 时间、距离、天气3. 从句、动名词、不定式考点突破考点1 考查人称代词，物主代词和反身代词 答案：1. its2. your 改为our 考点2 考查it的用法 答案：1. it2. It考点3 考查none，nothing，no one的区别 1.【答案与解析】none句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是据我所知,没有一个想法有用。本题强调在Niki的众多想法中没有一个有用,即强调数量。none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。 2. 【答案与解析】none句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,可是那家商店里没有。本题强调在那家商店里没有一块我哥哥想买的那种好手表,即强调数量。none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。 考点4 考查none，neither，all，both，either，any的区别 1. 【答案与解析】neither根据题干中的two reports和but可知,此处表示“两者都不”,所以用neither。 2. 【答案与解析】Either根据题干可知是在上午和下午这两种情况中做出选择。either表示两者中选择其一。 考点5 考查another，（the）other，（the）others的区别 1. 【答案与解析】other表示“两者中的一个另一个”用one.the other.结构。 2. 【答案与解析】otherssome.others.是固定用法,意为“一些另一些”,others在此处指代other countries。 考点6 考查不定代词 1. 【答案与解析】nobody句中的 but表转折,所以此处应指“但没人知道确切日期”,填nobody。 2. 【答案与解析】anywhere本题中含有固定搭配anywhere between.and.,意为“数目在之间”,该固定搭配也可用anywhere from.to.表示。考点7 考查one，that，it，those的区别 1. 【答案与解析】that此处that指代前面的The quality of education。2.【答案与解析】those此处those指代people who are surveyed in 16 counties。 3. 【答案与解析】it此处为“make+it+adj.+to do”结构。其中it作形式宾语,替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。4. 【答案与解析】onepaper作“报纸”讲时是可数名词。结合情景,说话人要对方给自己捎一份报纸,也就是a paper,替代单数可数名词,用one。扩展交流themithistheiroursouryouryourshimself him第二个youyourself/yourselvesanythingsomethingmanymuchotheranotherus you当堂达标.在空白处填入适当的代词1it2.it3.it4.it5.Others6.it 7Either8.neither9.none10.Both11.one 12that13.those14.anything15.Nothing 16Everything17.anyone18.another19.others 20each.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)1me根据句子内容可知，作者在此指本人。2others根据下文的 dont like 可知，作者不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会，而是喜欢给他人举办的生日聚会。3them根据前面的 when theyre for me 可知，我不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会。4mine根据英语双重所有格的表示法可知，此处用名词性物主代词。5my从后面的 friend 可以看出，此处用形容词性物主代词。6anything从前面的 I made him promise he wouldnt do 可推知，我让他答应不做任何事情。7him根据语境可知，作者对自己相信他而感到自责。8I根据语境可知，我像往常一样进入浴室。9They指朋友拿到了我室友的钥匙，提前进入了我的房间。10their我打乱了他们的计划。16
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