金识源专版高中英语 Unit 5 First aid Grammar学案 新人教版必修5

Unit5 Grammar省略句为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种现象称为省略。常见的省略现象有：1简单句中的省略：(1)省略主语。Havent seen you for ages.(I havent seen you for ages.)我很久没见你了。Sounds like a good idea.(That sounds like a good idea.)听上去是个不错的主意。(2)省略主谓语或一部分。Why not make an apology to him？(Why dont you make an apology to him？)为什么不给他道歉？This way，please.(Come this way，please.)这边请。Found the missing bag？(Have you found the missing bag？)你找到那个丢失的包了吗？I badly need to buy a cellphone，but I cant afford to(buy a cellphone)我急需买个手机，但我负担不起。注意：若不定式后为be动词时，则be不能省略；不定式后需用完成时时，则助动词have不能省略；如果不定式后要用完成时的被动语态时，则have后的been也不能省略。You should have handed in your composition in time.你应该按时交作业。Yes，I should have(handed in my composition in time)，but I was too ill to finish it in time.是的，我本应该交，但我病得厉害，无法按时完成。Your son ought to have been scolded yesterday，he made faces in the history teachers class.昨天你儿子应该受到批评，他在历史老师的课上做鬼脸。So he ought to have been(scolded yesterday)，but I couldnt find him yet.他确实应该被批评，但我找不到他。2并列句中可省略与前句中相同的成分。You learn Spanish and I (learn) German.你学西班牙语，而我学德语。When the summer comes，the day is getting longer and longer，and the night(is getting) shorter and shorter.夏天来的时候，白天越来越长，而夜晚越来越短。3主从复合句中的省略：(1)主句中有些成分可以省略，特别是句首。Pity you couldnt come to see their wonderful performance.(It was a pity that you couldnt come to see their wonderful performance.)很遗憾你没有来看他们精彩的表演。(2)省略从句中与主句相同的部分。I have a good opinion of soldiers，but I dont know why (I have a good opinion of soldiers)我对士兵有好感，但不知道为什么。(3)省略一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not(但不可用it或that)代替。Will he be able to pass the College Entrance Examination next year?他能通过明年的入学考试吗？I believe so.(I believe that he will be able to pass.)我相信会的。Do you think I will achieve success?你认为我能成功吗？Im afraid not.恐怕不行。(4)主句和从句中各有些成分被省略。The sooner，the better.(The sooner you do it，the better it will be.)越早越好。4其他省略：(1)连词that的省略：宾语从句中常可省略连词that，但多个that引导的宾语从句并列时只可以省略第一个that。由it作形式宾语时，引导宾语从句的that也不能省略。He said (that) he would come and that he would stay here for only an hour.他说他能来，但只能待一个小时。I think it necessary that you should read English every day.我认为你每天读英语是很有必要的。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、表语或在定语从句中用于there be句型时，that也可以省略。This is the happiest day (that) I have ever spent in all my life.这是我一生中度过的最快乐的一天。China is not the country (that) she used to be.中国不再是以前那样。This is the fastest train (that) there is to Shanghai.这是去上海的最快列车。(2)不定式符号to的省略：并列的不定式，前面的不定式带to，后面的to可省去，但如果两个不定式之间有对比关系时，则不可以省去to。I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.我告诉他坐下来等一会儿。To go home or to stay at school during the vacation is not decided yet.假期期间回家或待在学校还没有决定。主语和表语或主语与比较状语从句中的主语都为不定式时，to不能被省略。To see is to believe.眼见为实。It is better to stay here than to go home.待在这儿比回家更好。某些使役动词(如make，let，have)及感官动词(如see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，look at，listen to等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。People saw the little hero fall from the tall tree.人们看到小英雄从高高的树上掉了下来。The little hero was seen to fall from the tall tree.小英雄被看到从高高的树上掉了下来。help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式符号to可被省略，也可不省略，但在被动语态中不能省略to。I will help (to) do it for you.我会给你帮助。The peasants are often helped to repair tractors by the workers.农民常被工人帮助修拖拉机。介词but前若有动词do的任何形式，后面的动词不定式不带to。There was clearly nothing to do but turn to the police for help.很显然除了向警察寻求帮助，没有别的办法了。主语从句中有动词do时，后面作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略。What he did at last is (to) turn off the light and close the door before he left.他离开前所做的最后一件事就是熄灯关上门。(3)连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可以省略，即当虚拟条件句中有were，should或had时，可省去if，并将were，should或had提至条件句的句首。Were I you (If I were you)，I would accept the job offered by that company.如果我是你，我会接受那家公司提供的工作。Should the earth stop moving some day(If the earth stop moving some day)，man would not survive.如果某一天地球停止转动，人类就无法生存了。(4)在某些状语从句(如时间、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句中)，当主从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省去从句中的主语和be动词。The professor wont come to give us a lecture unless (he is) invited.除非被邀请，教授不会来给我们做讲座。(5)在某些状语从句中，从句的主语是it时，其后的be动词连同主语it可一起被省略。Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary.在需要的地方用冠词填空。I will lend you some money if (it is) possible.如果可能，我会借钱给你。(6)than和as引导的比较状语从句，在意义明确的情况下，可省略than和as后面的任何部分。I am nearly as tall as she (is)我几乎跟她一样高。A car goes faster than a bicycle (does)汽车比自行车跑得快。.完成句子1When_necessary(必要时)，you can send me an email.2Whether_true_or_false(不管是真是假)，the story is interesting.3He gave the_same_answer_as_before(和从前一样的回答)4Why_not(为什么不) go and help him at once?5Arent you the manager?No，and I dont_want_to_be(不想当)6The patient feels better than yesterday.I know he_does(他好多了)7He opened his mouth as_if_to_say_something(好像要说话)8He may not stay at home.If_so(如果那样的话)，leave him a message.9Ill try my best to read more books if_possible(如果可能的话)10Will you join us in the discussion?Ill_be_glad_to(非常高兴).单项填空1Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes._，Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.AIf ever BIf busyCIf anything DIf possible答案D解析句意为：对于即将到来的假期你有什么特别的计划吗？有。如果可能的话，我打算拜访一下城市里的一些敬老院。A项意为“如果曾经有的话”；B项意为“如果忙的话”；C项不是固定结构；D项意为“如果可能的话”。2My room gets very cold at night._.ASo is mine BSo mine isCSo does mine DSo mine does答案C解析“so助动词主语”表示前面陈述的情况也适合于后者。3Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.Awho；/ B/；who Cwho；who D/；/答案C解析此句中包含两个定语从句，且关系词在定语从句中都作主语，不能省略。4I feel greatly honored_into their society.Ato welcome Bwelcoming Cto be welcomed Dwelcomed答案C解析welcome与“I”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故welcome须用被动语态形式。该句语意相当于I feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society.5Would you care for a drink?No，thanks.Id _not.Arather Bbetter Clike Dprefer答案A解析Id rather not./Youd better not./Id like not to.是英语中的三种固定用法。故选A项。6Young people today are living a much more comfortable life than their parents_several years ago.Adid Bhad Cwere Dwould答案A解析根据上下文知应该用助动词do。several years ago表明使用的是过去时态，故用did。7Did the policeman let you in?No，_I told him who I was.Aif Bonce Cas though Deven if答案D解析句意为：警察让你进去了吗？没有，即使我告诉他我是谁。故选D项。8She didnt take the medicine last night，did she?_.ANo，but I wish she wouldntBNo，but I wish she hadCYes，but I wish she didDYes，but I wish she wouldnt答案B解析英语中前否定，后肯定的反意疑问句的答语如果是No，汉语意思是“是的”；如果是“Yes”，汉语意思是“不”，所以B答案正确，表示“是的，但是我多希望他昨晚吃药了”。9I wont go and attend his wedding party _，for his deeds have terribly hurt my feelings.Aif invited Beven if invitedCuntil invited Dif not invited答案B解析句意为：即使被邀请，我也不会去参加他的婚礼的，因为他所做的事情严重地伤害了我的感情，故选B项。10This is a disease that can result in total blindness _left untreated.Aafter Bif Csince Dunless答案B解析句意为：这是一种病，如果不治的话就会导致(眼睛)完全失明。故选B项。11I have never spoken ill of her._you dont like her.AIf BBecause CSo that DThough答案D解析句意为我从未说过她的坏话。虽然你不喜欢她(也没说过)。12An idea has to be put to the test for several times before _ by the people.Afully accepted Bbeing fully acceptingCto be fully accepted Dis fully accepted答案A解析句意为：一个想法要经过多次检验才能被人们完全接受。before fully accepted在完全被接受前，故选A项。13Without facts，we cant form a correct opinion，for we need to have actual knowledge _our thinking.Awhich to be based on Bwhich to base onCon which to base Dwhich to base答案C解析介词whichto do这种复合结构常常用作后置定语。14Was it two months ago _ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holidays in Spain?_.John was the lucky dog.Awhen；Not really Bthat；Not meCthat；Yet Dwhen；Not I答案B解析第一句话是强调句型，故用that，排除A项和D项；根据上下句的意思，第二个空应该用Not me，故选B项。15_with the size of the whole earth，the highest mountain does not seem high at all.AWhen compared BWhile comparingCCompare DComparing答案A解析compare与the highest mountain存在着动宾关系，故选A项。 16I am thinking of buying a new car.But _if the police find out who has stolen your car?AwhatBhowCwhyDwhen答案A解析句意为：我正在考虑买一辆新车。可是如果警察查明了谁偷了你的车怎么办？What if.？如果怎么办？17Endeavour is a good，strong ship，though_.Abeing not very fast Bto be not very fastCnot very fast Dis not very fast答案C解析句意为：奋进号是一艘好的，结实的船，虽然不是很快。though not very fast是though it is not very fast的省略，故选C项。18When _ with kindness，he was very noble and generous.Abeing treated BtreatedCtreating Dhaving been treated答案B解析句意为：如果别人对他好的话，他也很好，很大方。treat和he之间存在着动宾关系，故选B项。19Whose advice do you think I should take?_.AYou get it BUp to youCAnyone you like DYou speak答案B解析(Its) up to you.由你来决定，符合语境。20The boy always comes to school late although his teacher tells him again and again_.Anot to Bnot to be Cnot to do Ddont be答案A解析在不定式的省略中，往往省略to，如果to后面有be或have，必须保留be或have，故选A项。.阅读理解AThe old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find.But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure.New owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys.He immediately determined to try to find out who they were.A few weeks later the Californiabased camera collector received the news that left him stunned.The woman was his wife Jaquelines aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago，and one of the boys，her cousin.The couple have now unraveled(揭开)the astonishing coincidence，which leads back to Mrs.Roccofortes native Lancashire，where many of her family still live.The camera was bought from a shop in Preston by Brownie，a friend of Mr.Roccoforte，who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift.Back in California，the contents of his new possession inspired Mr.Roccofortes curiosity.Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire，he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help.Another relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber，still living in the area at the age of 81，her son Tony，Mrs.Roccofortes cousin，and Tonys childhood friend，Mick Murphy.Yesterday Mrs.Bamber was still gasping(惊讶地吸气)at the turn of events which has reunited two strands(分支)of her family.She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera.The two boys，both now 58，still live near Preston.Mrs.Roccofortes father is Winnie Bambers brotherBilly Charnley.He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s.Their daughter met Mr.Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America.1Which of the following is the right order of what happened?aDon Roccoforte received a special present from his friend.bAnother relative recognized Winnie Bamber and the two boys.cWinnie Bamber，together with two boys，went to take pictures at a lake.dDon Roccoforte sent a copy of the picture to a paper in Preston.eThe film was developed.fThe camera was lost.gBrownie bought an old camera in shop.A cfbadge BbcafdegC cfgaedb Dacbfegd答案C解析细节理解题。通过文章倒数第三段可知先是在湖边拍照，然后丢了相机，排除B、D两项，然后是从一家商店买来相机作为礼物，故选C项。2Which of the following statements is NOT true?ATony is the son of Winnie Bamber.BBilly Charnleys daughter was married to Don Roccoforte.CBrownie married Winnie Bamber.DMrs.Roccoforte is Winnie Bambers niece.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第六段可知A选项正确。由文章最后一段可知B选项正确。从文章第三段可知D选项正确。3The underlined word “stunned” is closest in meaning to_.Adisappointed Bshocked Cworried Dsatisfied答案B解析词义猜测题。从后句“这是他妻子的姑姑在50年前的一张照片”可知他很震惊。故选B项。4Lancashire is most likely to be located in_.AAmerica BRussia CCalifornia DEngland答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段和最后一段可知。5The best title for this passage would be_.AThe Film that Waited 50 Years to Be DevelopedBAn Unusual Reunion after about Half a CenturyCA Special Present to a Special FriendDAn Old Camera and the Beautiful Pictures Inside答案A解析主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是由一张50年前的未经冲洗的照片而发现的一个巧合。故A选项为最佳选项。BOne day，Jenny told me that a boy named Eric had come to our class.“He is handicapped.Dont laugh at him，”Jenny said before we entered the school.I was very naughty at that time.Whenever I saw someone disabled，I would laugh at him and follow what he did.We were a little early，and that boy didnt show up until ten minutes later.He was unable to walk normally，and he had lost his right arm.But he didnt look sad，he gave me a smile when he passed by me and noticed that I was looking at him.However，after class，I did something that I really should not have done.He stood up and walked toward the door during the break.I went up to him and followed his steps.But I did it in a funny way，which made everybody burst into laughter.Eric turned back and saw what I had done.He said nothing but smiled and walked out，which made me feel very sad，not because I had failed to make him angry，but because of how he treated me.That afternoon，I learnt something about him from the teacher.“He was in an earthquake a year ago.His foot was hit by something hard，and his arm was caught under a big stone.In order to live，he cut off his arm，”said the teacher.My eyes were filled with tears when I heard that.He was a brave boy.I stopped making fun of others from then on.Eric later became my best friend，while Jenny has got married to him and is expecting their first child now.6What do we learn about Eric from the passage?AHe lost both of his parents during an earthquake.BHe was always laughed at by others.CHe has got married and will be a father quite soon.DHe felt very sad when the writer made fun of him.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章最后第一段的“while Jenny has got married to him and is expecting their first child now.”可知C项正确。7What does the underlined word “handicapped” in the second paragraph mean?AHurt. BScared.CDisabled. DUpset.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据文章后文的描述可知Eric是个身体有缺陷的人，所以Jenny应当是跟作者说Eric身体有缺陷，不要取笑他。8We can infer that Jenny asked the writer not to laugh at Eric most probably because_.Ashe knew Eric didnt like being laughed atBshe knew the writer was naughty and would laugh at EricCshe knew how Eric lost his arm during the earthquakeDshe herself hated being laughed at by others答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“I was very naughty at that time.Whenever I saw someone disabled，I would laugh at him and follow what he did.”可知作者总是取笑身体有缺陷的人，Jenny正是因为了解作者，担心他会取笑Eric才会这么跟他说的。9From the third paragraph，we can infer that what the writer did to Eric now seems very_to him.Abrave Bfunny Cstupid Dsmart答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段的“I did something that I really should not have done.”可知作者现在非常后悔当初的行为，他应当认为当初的行为是很愚蠢的。10We can learn from the passage that_.Athe teacher was very angry at what the writer did to EricBthe writer and Jenny were best friends in schoolCthe writer doesnt make fun of others nowDthe writer doesnt see Eric quite often now答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“I stopped making fun of others from then on.”可知作者现在不取笑别人了。8