2020版高考英语一轮复习 课时提能练14 Astronomy：the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版

课时提能练(十四).阅读理解(2019长沙测评)Scientists found gravitational waves as they watched the effects of two black holes running into each other and forming a much bigger one，a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波纹) through spacetime.Scientists“heard”the wave with the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90 between each other and are nearly 2，000 miles apart in the US.That equipment let them glimpse the nature of black holes.Together they made up the Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Observatory(LIGO)Gravitational waves were first observed in September 2015 and the second detection(发现) occurred three months later.The third detection，which the astronomers called GW170104，was made on January 4，2017.The astronomers believed their latest finding“provides clues about the directions in which the black holes are spinning”“Black holes are beautifully simple.You just need two numbers to describe them completely：mass，how much they bend spacetime，and a spin，how much spacetime moves about them，”said Dr. Christopher Berry of the University of Birmingham，one of the researchers in the project.“But it takes lots of hard work to measure these from our data.We now have wonderful mass measurements，and are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes，which could give evidence for how they formed.”The researchers said their discovery added further evidence to support Einsteins general theory of relativity and confirmed the existence of previously unknown black holes.More than 1，000 scientists from the LIGO Scientific Collaboration were involved in the project along with an additional 280 researchers from the Europeanbased Virgo Collaboration.Scientists hope gravitational waves will offer a completely different view of the universe，allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes.“We have further confirmation of the existence of stellar(恒星的)mass black holes that are larger than 20 solar masses.We didnt know they existed before LIGO detected them，”MIT researcher David Shoemaker said.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家们第三次探测到引力波，相对论再获证实，促进了黑洞研究。1Who pioneered gravitational waves?ADavid Shoemaker. BChristopher Berry.CScientists from LIGO.DAlbert Einstein.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a century after Albert Einstein predicted that such an event would send ripples(波纹) through spacetime”可知，科学家们的这一发现发生在爱因斯坦预测此事件的一个世纪后，因此爱因斯坦是引力波的先行者。2How did scientists discover gravitational waves?ABy using laser beams.BBy joining vertical pipes.CBy using traditional telescopes.DBy following the orbit of black holes.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Scientistsheardthe wave with the help of laser beams(激光束) sent through two pipes which form an angle of 90 between each other and are nearly 2，000 miles apart in the US”可知，科学家们是通过使用激光束来探测到引力波的。3What can we learn from the last three paragraphs?AMore than 2，000 scientists took part in the event.BScientists have already discovered spins of black holes.CGravitational waves contributed to black holes research.DThere is no way to find out how black holes are formed.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The astronomers believed their latest findingprovides clues about the directions in which the black holes are spinning”和第四段中的“We.are starting to uncover details about the spins of these black holes，which could give evidence for how they formed”可知，科学家们第三次发现引力波给黑洞的旋转方向提供了线索，黑洞的旋转细节可能为它们的形成方式提供证据。即引力波对黑洞的研究有作用。故选C。4What do the scientists think of the application of gravitational waves?AIts controversial. BIts promising.CIts limited.DIts demanding.B观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists hope gravitational waves will offer a completely different view of the universe，allowing them to study events that might be hidden from traditional telescopes”可知，科学家们希望引力波会提供一个完全不同的宇宙观，使得他们能研究使用传统望远镜可能发现不了的事情，即他们认为引力波的运用很有前景。故选B项。.阅读七选五(2019石家庄模拟)How to Be a Good Team LeaderTeamwork is essential in school，sports，and group activities.Being a good team leader involves a lot of skills，but knowing how to relate to your team is one of the most important qualities a good team leader should have.Show respect.As a leader，you will sometimes have to make a decision in a hurry._1_ Youd better explain clearly why you made the decision and ask for feedback from your team，which shows that you are a leader with respect._2_If some people are a little behind on a project or task，help them.Be patient and spend some time with the individual to assess why there is an issue.In addition，find a task for everyone no matter what their skill or level is._3_Encourage your team.Sometimes people are scared to try something，and this is where the leader comes in._4_ Its more likely that your team will get motivated and have the job done at last.Recognize the positive results.Acknowledge your team for a job well done，even if its small.You dont have to reward good work with a pay raise._5_ Taking a second or two to stop and thank your team makes a difference.Once you follow the tips mentioned above，you will make a good team leader.AInclude everyone.BKeep a positive attitude.CA pay raise will cheer up your team.DOral appreciation holds a lot of weight.EAfter all，they all want to contribute in some way.FShow your team that the task is possible，even if difficult.GBut this may not always be what everyone in your team wants.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四条成为优秀领导的原则。1G根据空处前一句“As a leader，you will sometimes have to make a decision in a hurry”可知，作为一个领导者，你有时不得不迅速做出决定；结合空处后一句“Youd better explain clearly why you made the decision and ask for feedback from your team，which shows that you are a leader with respect”可知，你最好解释清楚你为什么做出这样的决定；根据空处前后两句的句意可以判断，空处与前一句形成转折关系，表示这么做并非团队每个成员想要的，并引出后一句，故G项正确。2A根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是该段标题；由该段第二、第三句“Be patient and spend some time with the individual to assess why there is an issue.In addition，find a task for everyone no matter what their skill or level is”可知，要有耐心，花些时间和个人讨论为什么会有这样的问题；此外，要给所有人找到任务。据此可以判断，该段主要陈述要关注每个成员，故A项正确。3E根据空处前一句“In addition，find a task for everyone no matter what their skill or level is”可知，要给所有人找到任务，不管他们的技能或水平是什么样的；据此可以判断，空处解释此举的原因，故E项(毕竟每个团队的成员都想以某种方式做出贡献)符合语境。4F根据该段的标题“Encourage your team”可知，要鼓励你的团队成员；结合空处后一句“Its more likely that your team will get motivated and have the job done at last”可知，你的团队成员很有可能被激励，从而最终完成工作；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，陈述激励的方式，故F项(向团队成员证明，即使任务很困难，也是可能完成的)符合语境。5D根据空处前一句“You dont have to reward good work with a pay raise”可知，你无需为良好的工作表现加薪；据此可以判断，口头表扬会起到很大的作用，故D项与此处匹配。.语法填空(2019贵阳适应性考试)Franklins life is full of charming stories which all young men should know1._ he sold books in Boston，and became the guest of kings in Europe；how he was made Major General Franklin，only to quit because，as he said，he was no soldier，and yet helped to organize the army that stood before the trained troops of England and Germany.This poor Boston boy，without a days schooling，2._(become) a master of six languages and never stopped 3._(study)；this neglected apprentice(学徒) conquered lightning，made his name famous，4._(receive) degrees and diplomas from many colleges，and became forever remembered as the“Doctor Franklin”，a philosopher，scientist and 5._(politics) leader.Selfmade，selftaught，the candle makers son gave light 6._ all the world；the street bookseller set all men singing of liberty；the apprentice became the most soughtafter man across the world，and brought his native land to praise and honor him.He built America，for what the nation is today is largely due to the management，the forethought，the wisdom，and the 7._(able) of Benjamin Franklin.He belongs to the world，but 8._(especial) he belongs to America.People around the world honored him while he was living；he is still regarded 9._ the loftiest(崇高的) man by the common people today after his death.And he will live in peoples 10._(heart) forever.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了美国名人本杰明富兰克林的传奇故事。1how考查副词。此处与下文中的“how he was made Major General Franklin”呼应，此处表示事情进行的方式，故用副词how。2became考查动词时态。根据下文的and never stopped可知，此处是并列结构，故用一般过去时。3studying考查动名词。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。4received考查动词时态。根据语境可知，此处和conquered，made，became是并列关系，故用一般过去时。5political考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用形容词political修饰名词leader，在句子中作定语。6to考查介词。give sth.to.意为“给某物”，故用介词to。7ability考查词性转换。根据冠词the和介词of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此处用名词ability表示抽象概念。8especially考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处副词especially修饰整个句子。9as考查介词。regard.as.意为“把看作”，为固定搭配，故用介词as。10hearts考查名词复数。heart作“心，内心”时为可数名词，根据空前的peoples可知，此处表示复数概念，故用复数名词hearts。.短文改错(2019太原模拟)Do you believe love is the most important? In the early twenty century，homeless people were often brought up in orphanages，in that they received little love.At one time，Dr.Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage or had a young girl look them each day.He also studied another twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long.He followed these children not until they grew up，and the results were shocked.The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses.However，the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently.The only difference between the life of these childrenthe love，made a great difference to us.【答案】Do you believe love is the most important? In the early century，homeless people were often brought up in orphanages，in they received little love.At one time，Dr.Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage had a young girl look them each day.He also studied another twelve children who left in the orphanage all day long.He followed these children until they grew up，and the results were .The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses.However，the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and .The only difference between the of these childrenthe love，made a great difference to .- 7 -