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个人情况.单词拼写 1.Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment(公寓).(2018天津)2.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep(睡着的) before 11 pm.(2017浙江)3.The website provides students with information free of charge(收费).4.Medium color choices are generally furniture(家具) pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves.(2018全国)5.Now I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way that Dad raised(抚养) me.6.At last, the strong young man removed(移走) the rock without effort.7.Another argument against television is that it replaces(替代) reading as a form of entertainment.8.After years of hard work，scientists hope to break through in their search(搜寻) for a cure for cancer.9.The curves of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a unique view(风景).(2018全国)10.Gibbs had an X-ray, which revealed no broken(折断的) bones. .单句语法填空1.The wind blew non-stop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed(breath)，were filled with sand，sand，sand！(2016浙江)2.The main duty of the fire prevention professionals is to check and maintain fire prevention equipment(equip).3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance(enter).(2017全国)4.She seemed so content in her observation(observe).I didnt want to mess with that.(2017天津)5.Some youngsters started secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure(press) they faced online.(2018江苏)6.With current technology，a permanent settlement(settle) on Mars is not far from reality，the researchers concluded.7.Clearly，some people have much more sensitive(sense) teeth.So they are afraid of the cold or icy drinks.8.The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty(taste) recipes.(2018全国)9.Our soldiers are willing(will) to sacrifice their lives to defend our country.10.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking(think).(2016全国).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.According to the agreement，the buyer will charge certain amount of rate having the goods delivered.2.I was just going to call the police for help，when I saw a strange figure in strange orange clothes.3.Growing numbers of single Japanese women are looking for a mate who can do and raise children，a recent government survey in Japan has showed.4.If you study hard enough，a place at Peking University could be your reach.5.With his eyes on the family album，he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents.6.His recent works involve the new elements in a search of a new sense of harmony.7.Much to his disappointment，he had his proposal down again.8.With so much work my mind，I felt stressed and couldnt feel a real sense of achievement.选词填空1.Every time I see her，she is buried in the book dating back to ancient time.2.Local police said a clerk at the store burst into laughter when the person wearing a Pluto(dog) mask walked into the store at 9：45 pm last Tuesday.3.It was totally dark in the corridor and I had to feel my way along.4.He slid into a bad habit of smoking and his parents were worried about his present condition.5.The 1950 World Cup，which saw Brazil beaten by Uruguay，also led to Peles determination to turn around the situation for his national team.6.While he was writing his books，he always cut himself off from the outside world.7.It is impossible to get through to him because the phone is out of order.8.The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.9.There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to.10.American adventurer Steve Fossett took off late Monday in an attempt to make the first nonstop，solo airplane flight around the world.同义词语替换1.Some competitions have begun since the beginning of this year. have kicked off2.More than any other art form，films have been reflecting the real life and society.mirroring3.His life is packed with drama and global significance，one that deserves to be analysed in detail.is filled with4.Nowadays，China is supposed to focus its attention on its research in science and technology.fix its attention on5.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.struck/occurred to6.She removed her glasses and rubbed her eyes.took offbeat v.击败，战胜；打，击；跳动，搏动n.跳动；敲击声；拍子be beaten black and blue被打得青一块紫一块beat time打拍子(1)Our team was easily beaten(beat) in the first round of the competition.(2)Simon always beats me at tennis.(3)She was beaten to death.(4)Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.根据语境用beat，defeat，win的正确形式填空(5)Napoleon was defeated/beaten by the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterloo.(6)She won the admiration of many people in her battle against cancer.易混辨析beat，defeat，winbeat，defeat用作动词都可以表示(在比赛、竞争、选举或战斗中)“击败；战胜”。其宾语必须是人或由人组成的组织。win指(在竞赛、赛跑、战斗或选举中)“获胜，赢得；获得”，可用作及物动词或不及物动词。其宾语通常是war，prize，election，argument，game，race，medal，support等非人的词。 dress v.给穿衣服；穿着；打扮n.连衣裙；衣服dress up装扮；打扮dress up as装扮成dress sb. /oneself (in)给某人/自己穿()衣服be dressed in穿着get dressed穿上衣服(1)What are you going to dress up as for Halloween?(2)I saw a man pretty shabbily dressed(dress) compared to me，who seemed to notice me.(3)Mary dresses herself(she) like a grandma.(4)To my surprise，I found my nephew dressed in(穿着) a girls skirt. (1)be filled with充满着fill in/out填写fill.with.用填fill up填满(2)be full of装满to the full充分地in full完全地；完整地(1)For many，finding an unattended wallet filled(fill) with 400 in cash would be a source of temptation.(2018北京)(2)He went home，filled with/full of happiness(满是幸福).(3)Those who apply for the position are expected to fill in/out(填写) the application form.(4)He enjoyed life to the full(尽情地). fix ones eyes on/upon注视；凝视fix ones attention on/upon集中注意力于keep ones eyes fixed on注视着fix on选定；确定(1)Wed better fix on a date for the meeting.我们最好确定一个开会的日子。句式升级(2)The students were sitting in the classroom and their eyes were fixed on the teachers.The students were sitting in the classroom with their eyes fixed on the teachers.(用with复合结构改写)The students were sitting in the classroom，keeping their eyes fixed on the teachers.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)联想发散表示“专注于，专心于”的其他短语：concentrate on，focus on，put ones heart into，be buried in，abandon oneself to，be lost in，be absorbed in，be devoted to等。hit vt.敲击；击中；碰撞；袭击n.C打击；攻击；击中；风行一时的作品；轰动一时的成功人物(1)hit on/upon想到某人突然想起(2)make a hit成功写出下列句子中hit的词性及汉语意思(1)I couldnt remember where Id seen him before，and then it suddenly hit me.vt.使突然想起(2)Our ship took a direct hit and sank.n.击中(3)When he first arrived in the US，Yao was an instant hit among basketball fans nationwide.n.轰动一时的成功人物(4)一句多译我突然想到他们冤枉了她。It occurred/came to me that they had done great wrong to her.(occur/come)It struck me that they had done great wrong to her.(strike)It hit me that they had done great wrong to her.(hit)联想发散表示“某人想起”句型还有：(1)Sb. thinks of Sth. (2)Sth. strikes/hits sb. (3)Sb. hits on/upon Sth. (4)Sth. comes to sb. /ones mind.等。lie vi.说谎；躺；位于n.谎言(1)lie to sb. 对某人说谎lie down躺下lie in在于(2)tell sb. a lie对某人说谎(1)The problem lies in deciding when to start.(2)There was a child lying(lie) on the ground.(3)She always lays her book on the shelf(把书放在书架上).根据语境用lie，lay的正确形式填空(4)The boy lied to his mother that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under his bed.熟词生义选择句子中lie的汉语意思(5)The picture lay hidden in the archives(档案室) for over 40 years. A A.处于(某种状态)B.说谎C.躺词义辨析动词原形意义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺；卧；位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlayingnote n.记录；笔记；注释；便条v.注意；留意(1)take note of注意；留意make a note/notes of记录make/take notes做笔记compare notes (with sb. )(与某人)交换意见/看法(2)note down记下；记录be noted for因而闻名Tom is a hardworking student，who has formed the habit of (1)taking/making notes(做笔记) and (2)noting down(记下) all the important points that the teacher taught in class.After class，he often (3)compares notes with(与交换意见) other students.All this has paid off and he has made great progress.At the same time，his classmates (4)have taken note of(注意到) what he did and have decided to follow him.易错点拨take note of和take notes of意思不同，前者表示“注意”，相当于take notice of；后者表示“记下，对做好笔记”。 (1)replace.with/by.用替换(2)in place of代替take ones place代替；就座take the place of代替(3)replacement n.代替；取代；更换；替代的人(物)(1)Im going to replace my old car with/by a new one.(2)As I wandered around，I was a little disappointed to see the old buildings had been replaced(replace) with new high-rise ones.(2018吉林长春四模)(3)一句多译我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。Our monitor will take the place of our head teacher to attend the meeting.Our monitor will attend the meeting in place of our head teacher.Our monitor will take our head teachers place to attend the meeting. (1)settle down安静下来；安顿下来；平静下来settle down to开始专心做(to是介词)settle in/into适应(新环境、新工作)settle on/upon决定；选定(2)settler n.移居者；(问题等的)解决者settlement n.定居点；解决；移民；偿清(1)Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution，the company eventually settled in/into Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017全国)该公司成立于1905年革命后的莫斯科，最终于20世纪20年代末期在特拉维夫安顿下来。(2)They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论一个重要问题。句式升级(3)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed.With the problem settled，they were happy and relaxed.(用with复合结构改写)Because/As the problem was settled，they were happy and relaxed.(改为含有状语从句的复合句) at first sight乍一看catch sight of看见；瞥见lose sight of看不见；忽略；忘记come into sight进入视野；映入眼帘lose ones sight失明at the sight of一看到out of sight看不见in/within sight在视野内(1)At first sight(乍一看)，it seems a silly question.(2)She caught sight of(看见) a car in the distance.(3)I always faint at the sight of(一看到)blood.(4)After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight(看不见).(2018浙江)易错点拨lose sight of意为“(因视线模糊或距离远等)看不见”；lose ones sight意为“失明”，两者意义不同。strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响，报(时)；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以)印象；突然想起n.罢工；袭击(1)be struck with/by被所袭击(感动)It strikes sb. that.某人觉得；某人突然想起Sth. strike sb. (sb. strike on Sth. )某人想到(2)be on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢工(3)striking adj.显著的；突出的；惹人注目的写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思(1)The clock has just struck 10.(钟)敲(2)He hit me，so I struck him back.打(3)The girl struck a match and lit a candle.擦(火柴)(4)They have been on strike for several days.罢工(5)I struck on a good idea yesterday.突然想起单句语法填空(6)Struck(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery. (7)It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.switch v.转变；转换n.开关；转换switch off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch on打开；开始运行switch over转变；转换；换台switch to切换到；转到(1)Switch over if you dont like the programme.(2)When I switched on the light，I found the room robbed.(3)Being bored of the present job，he wants to make a switch.(4)I parked the car and switched off the engine.(5)Then I became aware of an SUV coming up directly behind us at speed.At the last moment，it switched to the right-hand lane.(2018学海大联考高三模拟)view n.看法；观点；视野；风景v.把看作；观看；注视；考虑(1)in view of鉴于；由于；考虑到in ones view在某人看来come into view进入视野；看得见have a good view of清楚地看到；饱览(2)view.as.把看作(3)viewer n.观看者；观众(1)Viewed(view) from a distance，the island looked like a cloud.(2)We decided，in view of his special circumstances(鉴于他的特殊情况)，that we would admit him for a probationary period(试用期).(3)In my view/opinion(依我看来)，if you want to learn English well，you need to do more listening，speaking，reading and writing. run out of (人)用完；从流出/跑出run across偶然碰见run after追捕；跟踪；追求run away跑开；逃走run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)run for竞选；匆匆去取run through浏览；快速穿越根据语境用run短语的正确形式填空(1)However，that rapid growth is likely to slow down as people run out of time thats available for them to use their devices.(2018湖南永州三模)(2)One day she happened to run across/into Xiao Liu.(3)If you run after two hares，you will catch neither.(4)She ran for class president and won the majority. take down拆除；写下take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用；从事take on开始雇用；呈现；承担take in吸引；领会；欺骗take over接管写出下列句子中take off的汉语意思(1)The plane took off on time.起飞(2)She asked to take two days off the following week.请假(3)He took off my wet boots and made me sit by the fire. 脱掉；摘掉(4)My writing career took off when I discovered my own style. 开始成功完成句子(5)He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。 The coin is of high quality and worth collecting.这种硬币品质高值得收藏。(1)“be of抽象名词”可转化为相应的形容词。这类名词有value，use，importance，help，interest等。它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。(2)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，这类名词包括size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，price，kind，type，shape，way，quality等。这类名词根据具体的情景而变复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。(1)A good breakfast is of importance(important) to your health.一顿丰盛的早餐对健康很重要。(2)The two boys are of an age.这两个男孩年龄相仿。一句多译(3)这本词典对英语学习者非常有用。The dictionary is of great use to learners of English.The dictionary is very useful to learners of English.(4)此外，为了精通中国文化，了解课堂内容唐诗，对你来说十分重要。(2017全国)Whats more，in order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture，it is of importance for you to be aware of the content，Tang poetry.To keep healthy，he took up cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.为了保持健康，退休后他开始把骑自行车作为常规的锻炼形式。不定式作目的状语，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般放在句子后面，但如果表示强调，也可位于句首，前面可加in order，但不能用so as。值得注意的是，不定式作目的状语时，其否定式不能用“not不定式”，而要用“in order not不定式”或“so as not不定式”。(1)The whole family went to the beach to spend their weekend.全家人去海滨度周末。(2)In order to earn enough money，he worked late into the night.为了赚足够的钱，他工作到深夜。(3)Lets hurry so as not to be late/in order not to be late for the meeting.咱们快点走，免得开会迟到。I dont know what it was in the novel that made him burst into tears.我不知道小说里到底是什么使他放声大哭。(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分(若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是其他时，一律用that)。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.?(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词is/was itthat.?(4)对not.until.句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他部分。(1)It was the man that/who helped me out when I was in trouble.(2)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.强调下列句子中的画线部分(3)I didnt leave until he came.It was not until he came that I left.(4)Who does this place belong to?Who is it that this place belongs to?(5)I wonder what you were doing at this time yesterday.I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday.(2014江苏)Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.It was a need that he first 36 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg.To get an 37 ，he was struggling against many difficulties.His family was poor.His Dad couldnt afford the 38 at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.Study had to be done 39 his farm-work routines.He withdrew from many school activities 40 he didnt have the time or the 41 .He had only one good suit.He tried 42 the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too 43 .During this period Dale was slowly 44 an inferiority complex(自卑感)，which his mother knew could 45 him from achieving his real potential.She 46 that Dale join the debating team，believing that 47 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mothers advice，tried desperately and after several attempts 48 made it.This proved to be a 49 point in his life.Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50 he needed.By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honor in 51 .Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they， 52 ，were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to 53 his feelings of inferiority，Dale came to understand that the ability to 54 an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence.And， 55 it，Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to doand so could others.36.A.admitted B.filledC.supplied D.recognized答案D解析联系第二段最后一句中的recognition that he needed(他需要的认可)以及第一段中的a universal human need(普遍的人类需求)可知，此处要表达的是“戴尔第一次意识到的自己的需求”。因此recognize(识别，认出)符合语境。admit承认；fill满足；supply提供。37.A.assignment B.educationC.advantage D.instruction答案B解析联系下一空后的关键词college(大学)以及had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes(不得不骑马往返12英里去上课)可知，戴尔为了接受教育(education)，经历了很多困难。因此B项正确。assignment任务；advantage优势；instruction指示，用法说明。38.A.training B.boardC.teaching D.equipment答案B解析training训练，培训；board膳食，伙食；teaching教学；equipment设备，装置。由“His family was poor.”，同时联系上文的“against many difficulties”和下文的“had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes”并结合选项意思可知，戴尔克服困难骑马去上课，是因为父亲承担不起学校里的食宿费(board)，故B项符合语境。39.A.between B.duringC.over D.through答案A解析联系后文的“his farm-work routines”和“didnt have the time”可知，他的学习应该是在农活间隙中进行的。A项between表示“在之间”，符合语境。其他三项，during与over表示“在期间”，through表示“在期间，自始至终”，都不准确。40.A.while B.whenC.because D.though答案C解析由“withdrew from many school activities”和“he didnt have the time or the ”可知本句前后是因果关系，因此这里应用because作连接词。41.A.permits B.interestC.talent D.clothes答案D解析联系后文我们知道，“He had only one good suit.”，因此，他退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间和衣服(clothes)。42.A.on B.forC.in D.with答案B解析此处表达他争取(try for)参加足球队，但因为其自身原因被教练拒绝了。43.A.light B.flexibleC.optimistic D.outgoing答案A解析结合前文the coach turned him down(教练拒绝了他)可知，其原因应该是负面的，四个选项中只有A项可表达负面的意思。flexible灵活的；optimistic乐观的；outgoing外向的，均不符合语境。因为前文提到“His family was poor.”，那么，他因为家贫、生活艰苦，所以长得比较瘦弱(light)，也符合常理。44.A.gaining B.achievingC.developing D.obtaining答案C解析结合上文提到的几个事件，即不参加学校活动，被足球教练拒绝可知，戴尔慢慢地产生(slowly developing)了自卑感。45.A.prevent B.protectC.save D.free答案A解析prevent阻止；protect保护；save拯救；free释放，使摆脱。结合句意“他母亲知道自卑感会 他发挥出真正的潜能”可知，A项prevent正确。46.A.suggested B.demandedC.required D.insisted答案A解析联系第三段中的“Dale took his mothers advice”可知，此处要表达的是“母亲建议(suggest)他”。47.A.presence B.practiceC.patience D.potential答案B解析联系下文可知，戴尔获得每项最高荣誉是自己反复练习(practice)的结果。presence出席；patience耐心；potential可能性，此三项都不符合语境。48.A.hopefully B.certainlyC.finally D.naturally答案C解析联系前文他非常努力并经过几次尝试后及后文的成功(made it)，再根据时间上的逻辑关系可知，他最终(finally)成功了，故选择C项。49.A.key B.breakingC.basic D.turning答案D解析联系第二段的内容，戴尔产生了自卑感以及第三段的最终他成功了，我们知道这里表达的是：后来证明这是他人生的转折点(turning point)。50.A.progress B.experienceC.competence D.confidence答案D解析由第二段中的“speaking could give him the confidence”可知，此处表达的是他获得了他需要的信心(confidence)。51.A.horse-riding B.footballC.speech D.farming答案C解析联系前文在大庭广众下演说可知，此处应表示在演讲(speech)中获得荣誉。52.A.in return B.in briefC.in turn D.in fact答案C解析联系前文他辅导其他同学可知，辅导之后他们也赢得了比赛。in return作为报答；in brief简而言之；in turn相应地；in fact事实上。根据上下文语境可知C项最合适。53.A.convey B.overcomeC.understand D.build答案B解析convey表达，传递；overcome克服；understand理解；build建立。句意为：由于他早期在 自卑感方面做出了极大努力。由于文中已提到“他最终成功了”，其原因当然是克服了自卑感，所以此处B项正确。54.A.express B.stressC.contribute D.repeat答案A解析联系后文观点及前面戴尔演讲我们可以知道，这里是指表达(express)观点的能力。stress强调；contribute有助于；repeat重述，均不符合语境。55.A.besides B.beyondC.like D.with答案D解析由上文可知it指代confidence。拥有信心(with it)，戴尔知道他可以做任何他想做的事。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了卡耐基出身贫寒，感到自卑，但他经过不懈的努力战胜了自卑，建立了自信，最终取得成功的故
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