（全国）2020高考英语大一轮复习 话题版主题语境 Unit 3 个人情况（三）讲义

个人情况.单词拼写 1.From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude(态度) of the leader can affect the members of a team.(2018天津)2.The average(平均的) number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.(2018全国)3.According to the data referred to，the local people were to blame(责备).4.He strongly resembles his father in character(性格).5.Learning roller skating as a beginner and falling down from time to time in the central square where people give you curious looks，really needs courage(勇气).6. The house has many interesting features(特点).The one I like best is a large Victorian fireplace.7.The higher rating means the higher quality(质量) of the product，or better service.(2018江苏)8. Even though she had to compete against many competitors, she stayed positive(积极的).9.The car shaped(塑造) some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.(2018浙江)10.Drunk driving is unforgivable for ordinary(普通的) people，let alone public figures.单句语法填空1.His appearance(appear) was different from what Id expected.2.Arts activity(active) demands a joint effort.It involves creation，performance，and promotion.3.The application(apply) of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase.(2017江苏)4.Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction(attract).5.The floors of all campus buildings(build) are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.(2018天津)6.Although many have spoken out against this “blood sport”，bullfighters(斗牛士) are highly respected for their strength，skills and bravery(brave).7.Childrens comparing themselves to others online may lead to lower self-identity and confidence(confident).(2018江苏)8.Because of the confusion(confuse)，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.(2017天津)9.Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight(weigh) as they get older.10.When the huge earthquake hit Wenchuan and other areas in Sichuan，the Chinese governments honesty(honest) and openness about the disaster won the respect and aid of many Western countries.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Some social app companies were to because they didnt adequately check their users registration.2.You can rely on that he will take good care of your pet dog while you are away.3.In fact，pigs are curious and insightful animals thought to have intelligence beyond that of average 3-year-old human child.4.Believe it or not，your attitude money is more important than how much you have.5.Being on bad terms with ones neighbors can be a very experience.选词填空1.His grandmother likes finding fault with others who talk with her on the spot.2.Days later，we made an offerfar below the asking price.Surprisingly，they didnt laugh at us.3.As time went by，he gradually lost patience，becoming easily angry.4.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.(2017全国)5.Recently，with her extraordinary act of kindness，a teenage girl in the US has set an example to others of her age around the world.6.The little boy in rags cast his eyes on a cake in the shop window and his mouth was watering.同义词语替换1.A generation of children risked growing up worried about their looks and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms.(2018江苏)appearance2.TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children，who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学).(2017北京)appealing3.He was a man of medium height，his eyes shining with joy.average4.She was a courageous and determined girl with rich imagination.brave5.After what seemed like a safe amount of time，I read the poem again and was puzzled.(2016上海)confused6.She tries to keep healthy by jogging every day.fit7.For many who made it to Dawson，however，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.(2018全国)tough8.Eventually，she was exhausted with hard work and could not put up with it any more.worn out the attitude to/towards对的态度 in a(n).attitude以态度(1)She shows a very positive attitude to/towards her work.(2)What are the attitudes of the students? (3)How did he do the job in such an attitude? average adj.(无比较级)平均的；平常的n.平均；平均数；一般水平；平均标准an average of平均有(后跟数词)the average of.的平均数up to the average达到平均水平on (an/the) average平均；一般地above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下(1)An average of 10 students were(be) absent each day last term.(2)The team found that flowers kept away from the sun had leaves that were 10 percent smaller on (an/the) average(平均).(2018黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)熟词生义选择句子中average的汉语意思(3)Freddy was an average student，but not an average person. A A.普通的B.典型的C.平均的易错点拨“an average of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the average of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 (1)be confident of/about对有信心(2)confidence n.自信心；信任with confidenceconfidently自信地；有信心地in confidence私下地；秘密地have confidence in对有信心have confidence to do.有做的信心(1)He answered that question confidently/with confidence(自信地).(2)I told you that in confidence(私下地)，so why did you tell Joan about it?(3)We should encourage him to have confidence in/be confident about(对有信心) himself.(4)同义句改写He was confident of/about success.He was confident that he would succeed.He has confidence in success.He has confidence to succeed.易错点拨表示“自信能做某事”时，be confident后通常接of/about (doing) sth. 或that从句，不接不定式，但名词confidence后面却可接不定式，不接of/about doing。 (1)be/become curious about对感到好奇be curious to do sth. 极想做某事Its curious that.真奇怪(2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心out of curiosity出于好奇with curiositycuriously好奇地meet/satisfy ones curiosity满足某人的好奇心(1)In high school，I became curious about(变得对好奇起来) the computer，and built my first website.(2016北京)(2)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity/curiously(好奇地).(2018天津)句式升级(3)He was curious about Australian cities，so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Curious about Australian cities，he read the book written by Dr Johnson. (1)be delighted at/with sth. /to do sth. 为(做)某事而高兴(2)delight n.高兴；令人高兴的事；乐趣 vt.使高兴；使欣喜to ones delightto the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是with delight高兴地take delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐(3)delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴(4)delightful adj.令人愉快的，使人高兴的(1)The gardens show the human spirit of architecture，poetry and painting，so that today their delightful(delight) creativity，lines and rhythm can be imagined by everyone.(2)The classic Walt Disney story already sounds like itll be a delight for both children and adults.(2018内蒙古赤峰模拟)(3)His wife told reporters that she was delighted with/at his new look and that it made him look kind and handsome.(2018安徽马鞍山二模)(4)To my delight/To the delight of me(令我高兴的是)，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(5)We delight in/take delight in(乐于) going for long walks in the country.易错点拨现代英语中不存在delighting这个形容词，所以不要用它来表示delightful的意思。 (1)be determined to do.决心做(表示状态)(2)determine vi.& vt.决定；确定；(使)下定决心determine to do.决定做(表示动作)determine on/upon sth. 决定(3)determination n.决心；坚定；果断with determination坚决地；果断地(1)Determined(determine) to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.(2018北京)(2)同义句改写I have determined to spend(spend) my holiday at home.I have determined on/upon spending my holiday at home.句式升级(3)Johnny broke away and ran outside and he was determined never to go to another dance.(用形容词短语作状语改写)Johnny broke away and ran outside，determined never to go to another dance.figure n.数字；身材，体形；人物；雕像，塑像；图形v.计算；认为(1)keep ones figure保持体形(2)figure out弄懂；计算；想出，理解写出下列句子中figure的汉语意思(1)She has a good figure.身材，体形(2)By 2014，this figure had risen to 14 million.数字(3)Chairman Mao is an important political figure.人物单句语法填空(4)A team of scientists has finally been able to figure out how and why young sunflowers move.(2018黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)图解助记 fit v.(使)合适；(使)合身；使一致；安装adj.适合的；健康的fit in相适应；相融合fit in with.适应；与合得来；与一致keep fit保持健康be fit for/to do sth. 胜任某事/适合做某事(1)Hes never done this type of work before；Im not sure whether hell fit in with the other people.他过去从未干过这种工作，很难说他是否会与其他人配合得好。(2)It was the first time I had lived far away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.(2018河北衡水中学模拟)这是我第一次住得离家很远，所以我觉得很难适应。(3)Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.运动有助于你保持健康，接触大自然。(4)The food was not fit for human consumption.这食物不适宜人吃。熟词生义选择句子中fit in的汉语意思(5)Ill try and fit you in after lunch. A A.找到时间(见某人)B.相处融洽C.适应易错点拨fit in中in为副词，其后接宾语时需要加介词with。 pretend to do.假装做pretend to be doing.假装正在做pretend to have done.假装已经做过pretend to ben./adj.假装是同义句改写(1)She pretended to be reading a book.(改为复合句)She pretended that she was reading a book.(2)He pretended that he had finished his homework already.(改为简单句)He pretended to have finished his homework already. (1)be proud of为感到骄傲/自豪be proud to do.做感到自豪be proud that.为而感到自豪(2)pride n.骄傲，自豪 vt.为骄傲take pride in以自豪，对感到得意with pride骄傲地；自豪地pride oneself on (doing) sth. 以(做)某事而自豪； 得意于(做)某事(1)He looked at his painting with pride.(2)He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency.(3)一句多译张先生为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。Mr Zhang took pride in himself for not giving up.(pride n.)Mr Zhang was proud of himself for not giving up.(proud)Mr Zhang was proud that he had not given up.(proud) shape n.形状；外形；状况；性质v.塑造；造成形状in good/bad shape状况好/不好out of shape不健康；变形in the shape of以的形式；呈的形状take shape形成；成形get into shape强身健体(1)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesnt get much exercise.尽管蒂姆没有得到多少锻炼，但他身体状况良好。(2)We went into a room in the shape of a star.我们走进一个星星形状的房间。(3)Ive been jogging a lot to get myself into shape.我长期慢跑锻炼身体。(4)I have been out of shape ever since I left the army.自从我离开军队后，我的身体一直很差。straight adj.直的；垂直的；坦诚的；井然有序的adv.直接地；笔直地(1)straight away立即(2)get sth. straight弄明白；搞清楚(3)straighten vt.弄直；使变直straighten up整顿；清理(1)Youd better straighten(straight) up your house.(2)A straight road goes straight from our village to the center of the town.(straight)熟词生义选择句子中straight的汉语意思(3)Weve had eight straight days of rain. A A.连续不断地B.诚实的C.垂直的易错点拨straight既可用作形容词也可用作副词，注意不要使用straightly这一形式。 (1)be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth. 对某事严格(2)strictly speaking严格地说(1)I think teachers need to be strict with students.(2)We should be strict in our study and work.(3)Strictly(strict) speaking，the world has enough land to feed everybody.suit vt.适合；使适宜n.一套外衣；套装(1)suit sb. 适合某人suit ones needs适合某人的需要(2)a suit of一套(3)suitable adj.合适的；适宜的be suitable for适合于be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事(4)suited adj.适合的(作表语)be suited for/to适合(1)Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers，believing they are better suited(suit) for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.(2018天津)(2)The film is suitable for(适合) children.(3)单句改错Itll suit for him very well if we set off at 8 in the morning.句式升级(4)The challenge is finding suitable partners for them.(用动词suit和定语从句改写)The challenge is finding partners that suit them.根据语境用suit，match，fit的正确形式填空(5)The size of the shirt fits me well and its color matches my tie，so it suits me.词义辨析suit，match，fitsuit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等；指衣服合适时，多指颜色和款式。match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。fit多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”。 rely on/upon依靠；依赖指望某人做某事rely on/upon sb. /sth. for sth. 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物rely on/upon it that.指望；相信(1)Tom is an honest and reliable(rely) student.(2)I rely on/upon him for everything；hes my right arm.(3)一句多译你可以相信他会准时来的。You can rely on/upon him/his coming on time.(doing)You can rely on/upon him to come on time.(to do)You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.(用it作形式宾语)易错点拨在rely on it that结构中，it作形式宾语，代替that引导的宾语从句。此类动词(短语)还有：love，like，appreciate，hate，depend on，see to等。 (1)This helps your body receive a signal to relax.Then you can calm yourself(you) down and get centered.(2)It is important to keep/stay/be calm(保持镇静) in an emergency.(3)Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down(冷静下来).(2017北京)根据语境用calm，quiet，silent，still填空(4)Try to keep calm and just tell me what happened.(5)He spoke no English and was completely silent during the visit.(6)Children find it difficult to sit still for very long.(7)The airlines have invested enormous sums in quieter，more efficient engines.词义辨析calm，quiet，silent，stillcalm平静的，沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动。quiet宁静的，安静的，指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。silent寂静的，沉默的，指不说话或没有声音。still静止的，不动的，指(人体等)不运动的。 wear down(以不断的压力或阻力)使磨损或坏掉wear off逐渐消失；效果逐渐减少；药效渐渐消失wear away逐渐磨损，磨蚀出凹痕写出下列句子中wear out的汉语意思(1)Playing with little children really wears me out！累坏；筋疲力尽(2)Childrens shoes wear out quickly.穿坏(3)He has worn out miserable days with patience.度过；消磨单句语法填空(4)After about an hour，my patience began to wear out. (5)Constant dropping will wear away a stone.(6)Worn(wear) out after a long walk，Henry called and said he couldnt come.Mary is a girl in her early twenties with long hair reaching the waist.玛丽是一个二十出头、长发及腰的女孩。“with复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。常见的结构有：(1)with宾语介词短语(2)with宾语doing(表示主动或正在进行的动作)(3)with宾语done(表示被动或已完成的动作)(4)with宾语to do(表示将来的动作)(5)with宾语adj.(6)with宾语adv.(1)With winter coming(come) on，its time to buy warm clothes.(2)With all the things she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily.(3)With nothing to do(do)，Tom sleeps at home.(4)The man came in，with a bottle in his hand(手里拿着一个瓶子).句式升级用with复合结构改写下列句子(5)The 2019 College Entrance Examination is drawing near，so the students feel great pressure.With the 2019 College Entrance Examination drawing near，the students feel great pressure.(6)After she took a great weight off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.(2016天津，B)Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone，not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age，and your ambitions become more unachievable.You begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten.Science projects waited until the last moment.Book reports werent written until the final threat.Ive been a newspaperman all my adult life.My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生).Theyre called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”，I was shocked.“Hey，hes a good kid，” I wanted to say.“And smart，really.”I learned later that motorheads are，indeed，different.They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes.And they dont often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education.We who labor in clean shirts in offices dont have the abilities that motorheads have.I began to learn this when I had my car crashed.The cost to repair it was estimated at 800.“Hey，I can fix it，” said Jody.I doubted it，but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose.My son，with other motorheads，fixed the car.They got parts(零件) from a junkyard，and ability from vo-tech classes.The cost was $25 instead of $800.Since that first repair job，a broken air-conditioner，a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.These kids are happiest when doing repairs.They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.I have learned a lot from my motorhead：publishers need printers，engineers need mechanics，and architects need builders.Most important，I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.My son may never make the school honor roll.But he made mine.41.What used to be the authors hope for his son?A.To avoid becoming his clone.B.To resemble him in appearance.C.To develop in a different direction.D.To reach the authors unachieved goals.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“You begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for.”可知，作者原先希望让儿子实现自己未能实现的目标，故D项正确。42.What can we learn about the authors children?A.His daughter does better in school.B.His daughter has got a masters degree.C.His son tried hard to finish homework.D.His son couldnt write his book reports.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.”可知，作者的女儿已经大学毕业，正在努力攻读英语硕士学位，所以，作者的女儿在学校里表现好，故选A项。43.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that .A.his son had the ability to fix itB.it would save him much timeC.it wouldnt cause him any more lossD.other motorheads would come to help答案C解析细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“.but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose.”可知，让儿子修车不会给自己带来任何损失，故C项正确。44.In the authors eyes，motorheads are .A.tidy and hardworkingB.cheerful and smartC.lazy but brightD.relaxed but rude答案B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句“These kids are happiest when doing repairs.”可知，这些孩子是快乐的；由该段第三句“And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.”可知，尽管他们的手和衣服很脏，但是他们的头脑是聪明的。由此可知，在作者看来，这些孩子cheerful and smart，故选B项。45.What did the author realize in the end?A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.B.It is important for one to make the honor roll.C.Architects play a more important role than builders.D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.答案A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Most important，I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”可知，作者最后意识到，让你的孩子追随你的足迹是不明智的，故选A项。.宏观把握抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者的儿子在学校里不是优秀学生，最后成了一名修车工，这并不是作者希望他走的路。但是作者通过让儿子给自己修车的经历意识到：在学校里是不是优秀学生并不是那么重要，让孩子追随父亲的足迹也是不明智的。文章的脉络如下：.微观排障长难句分析You begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish what you hoped for.句式分析：该句中that引导的是宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，what也引导一个宾语从句。翻译：你开始意识到你的孩子踏着你的足迹可能会实现你所希望完成的事情。.词汇积累1.feature n.特征；特色2.ambition n.决心，抱负3.unachievable adj.不可达到的/不可实现的4.accomplish vt.完成，实现5.hate vt.恨，不喜欢6.smart adj.聪明的；灵巧的7.ability n.能力8.in different directions朝不同的方向9.do better in在做得更好10.play an important role发挥重要的作用抓住关键信息，做好推理判断题故事类短文的题目设置往往以细节题为主，也有很多推理判断题。细节题比较简单易做，一般文章出现的内容即是答案，而推理判断题往往较难一些，它们不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中就能直接得出答案来的，而是要通过故事中人物的语言、动作去揣摩他们的真正意图。做题时绝对不能流于表面，而要适当地运用一些解题技巧。做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。例如本篇的42题，What can we learn about the authors children？根据第三段的内容“My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a vo-tech student(技校学生).Theyre called motorheads by the rest of the student body.”可知，作者的女儿正在攻读硕士学位，所以B是错的；而作者的儿子是一个技校生，学习不是很好，C是错的；D项说作者的儿子不能完成报告，而文中第二段最后一句只是说他的儿子会拖延写读书报告，所以D也是错的；正确答案是通过第三段内容推理出来的。(2017江苏)For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all.In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students， 36 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases， 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else had to be there.He swore to himself to 39 music，as he hated getting