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阅读理解专题突破练1第一节A体裁:说明文词数:290用时:7分钟University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential (提供住宿的) rooms:electric blankets,hairdryers,personal computers,radios,televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include:candles,ceiling fans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlamps and wireless routers (路由器).Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life. Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination (组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in.Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.The fee is $25 to change a room combination. Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use.With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food,students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.Students who are found with pets,whether visiting or owned by the student,are subject to an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.Students receive a written notice when the fine goes into effect.If,one week from the date of the written notice,the pet is not removed,the student is referred to the Student Court.【解题导语】本文介绍了某个大学的学生公寓的规章制度,包括宿舍内可用和禁止使用的物品、厨房的使用制度、饲养宠物的事项等。1.Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A.Wireless routers and radios.B.Hairdryers and candles.C.Ceiling fans and waterbeds.D.TVs and electric blankets.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“The following items are approved for use in residential rooms:electric blankets,hairdryers,personal computers,radios,televisions and DVD players.”可知,在宿舍可以使用电视和电热毯,故D项正确。2.What do we know about the cooking policy?A.A microwave oven can be used.B.Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C.A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D.Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food,students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.”可知,学生可以使用微波炉加热食物,故A项正确。根据第三段的第一句“Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.”可知,学生只能在厨房烹饪食物,故B项错误;根据第三段的第二句“Students must clean up after cooking.”可知,学生做完饭后必须自己打扫厨房,故C项错误;D项文中没有提及。3.If a student keeps a cat in his room for a week after receiving the written notice,he will face.A.a fine of $100B.parent visitsC.the Student CourtD.a final warning答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句可知,如果学生在收到书面通知的一个星期内没有送走宠物,该学生将被送交给学生法庭,故C项正确。根据最后一段的第二句“Students who are found with pets.$100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet.”可知,如果学生被发现饲养宠物,最初罚款100美元,其后每天罚款50美元,故A项错误;B项和D项文中没有提及。B体裁:说明文词数:343用时:8分钟Some people call it a traveling museum.Others refer to it as a living or open-air museum.Built in Brazil to honor Columbus first voyage to the New World,the Nina,a Columbus-era replica (复制品) ship,provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus favorite ship from over 500 years ago.I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores,Alabama,in February 2013.As part of a research project sponsored by my university,my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog.I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school-age children.The field-trip tour of the Nina is hands-on learning at its best.In this setting,students could touch the line,pass around a ballast stone (压舱石),and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus days.They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time.I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips.A visit to Jamestown Settlement,for example,allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s.Historical guides,dressed in period costumes,give tours of the Susan Constant,Godspeed,and Discovery.These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period.Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实) my long-held belief that students stay interested,ask better questions,and engage (参与) in higher-order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process.The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners.They left as bold explorers.【解题导语】本文介绍了哥伦布航海时用的航船的复制品,它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特殊的博物馆可以积极主动地参与学习。4.What occupation is the author engaged in?A.Shipping.B.Education.C.Ecological tourism.D.Museum administration.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school-age children.”可知,作者在给学龄儿童介绍有关航船复制品的历史知识;据此可以判断,作者从事的是教育行业,故B项正确。A项意为“航运”,C项意为“生态旅游”,D项意为“博物馆管理”,都与语境不符。5.Which of the following is TRUE about the Nina introduced in the passage?A.She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.B.She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.C.She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.D.She displays what Columbus ship was like and how it operated.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus favorite ship”可知,Nina为人们提供了哥伦布的航船的原貌;根据第二段的“In this setting,students could touch the line,pass around a ballast stone,and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus days.”可知,Nina还提供了如何操作该航船的方法,故D项正确。6.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A.Guidelines for visitors on the ships.B.Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.C.Duties of the guides in the British museums.D.Introduction to another museum similar to the Nina.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第三段的“The Nina is not the only traveling museum.A visit to Jamestown Settlement,for example,allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers.”可知,第三段主要介绍了另一个与Nina类似的航行博物馆,故D项正确。7.What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage?A.The students are interested in becoming tour guides.B.The experience has changed the students learning attitude.C.The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.D.The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.答案B解析句意猜测题。根据文章最后两句可知,登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生变成了主动学习的学生,他们成了知识的勇敢探索者。据此可以判断,最后两句旨在说明,这种游览改变了学生们的学习态度,故B项正确。C体裁:人物故事词数:323用时:8分钟(2017河南洛阳第一次统考)There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the worlds most famous childrens books,The Tale of Peter Rabbit,but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family,but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals,” said Anne Lundin,a retired professor for the UW-Madison School of Library and Information Studies.“As an adult,she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist.That field was not open to her because she was female,” Lundin said.Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books.She wrote 23 books in all a body of work that has inspired plays,ballets,films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous childrens book in the world,which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time.Its been translated into 36 languages.The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation,” said Lundin.Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation.“In many ways,she was like Peter Rabbit,venturing into a world of adventure and risk.She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist.She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres,which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century,” said Lundin.Even though she was born 150 years ago,she was amazingly modern her embracing of the natural world,commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith,an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potters birth.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了儿童作家Beatrix Potter的故事。8.What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully?A.Her life and work experiences.B.Her specialty in animated (动画) pictures.C.Her success in becoming a botanical scientist.D.Her interest in animals in childhood alone.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段的整体内容可推知,儿童作家Beatrix Potter成功地写出了The Tale of Peter Rabbit,这与她的生活和工作经历密不可分。9.What does the word “frustrated” in the third paragraph mean?A.Disappointed.B.Devoted.C.Motivated.D.Inspired.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“That field was not open to her because she was female.”可推知,Potter在成为植物插图画家和科学家的道路上不是一帆风顺的,主要是因为当时这一领域还未对女性开放,由此可推知frustrated意为“不得志的,失意的”,故选A项。10.What is Beatrix Potter?A.A botanist and artist.B.An extremely important farmer and successful scientist.C.A writer,conservationist and farmer.D.An artistic director.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知,Beatrix Potter是一个作家兼有科学家精神的保护主义者,结合倒数第二段可知,Beatrix Potter还是一个农民,故选C项。根据第三段中的“As an adult.That field was not open to her because she was female.”可推知,Potter当时并不是植物学家,此外文中并没有提到她是艺术家,A项错;B项错在successful scientist,与第三段的“she was a.scientist”相悖;D项错在artistic director,那是Jennifer Blatchley Smith的身份,而不是Beatrix Potter的身份,故排除。11.Why does the author write the article?A.In celebration of Potters 150th birthday.B.In honour of Potters new contributions.C.In praise of Potters spirit of selflessness.D.In support of Potters book promotions.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者写本文的目的在于庆祝 Potter的150周年诞辰。D体裁:说明文词数:286用时:7分钟 (2017安徽合肥第一次教学质检)Many young people these days adore the advertised magazine body and become too focused on attaining this image instead of worrying more about what lasts and even grows over time.But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years,and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent? It is a sad reality that people dont realize how vacillating the idea of beauty can be from one country to another.Think of the most typical American girl you know.Is she blonde-haired with white skin and light blue eyes,and does she love shopping or sports? Now place this girl in the heart of Africa,where beauty is placed on what you can control.The Maasai tribe in Kenya focuses on how clean people are,and how stylish their piercings (穿孔) are.This tribes culture is to be a brave fighter,so they will cut their skin with patterns in it to show that they are strong.If you dont look fierce,you are not beautiful.Other countries like South Korea have their own unique views on beauty.In an interview,a woman claims that beauty in DPRK is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife.She says that women in DPRK are less concerned about fashion and beauty in the physical sense.She says they did have a time when big eyes were a big deal and everyone wanted to get double eyelid surgery.This is something extreme and could perhaps be influenced by Western culture.But dont you think the idea of getting surgery done to look more attractive is crazy?【解题导语】本文主要介绍了不同群体的文化差异使得人们对美的观点不尽相同。12.What does the underlined word “vacillating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Inconsistent.B.Reasonable.C.Unusual.D.Similar.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years,and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent?”可知,许多年里,你都被认为是美丽的,在你搬到另一个大陆后突然会被认为是难看的。由此可知美会随着地点的不同发生变化,因此此处指人们没有意识到不同国家的人对美的观点是不一致的。inconsistent“不一致的”;reasonable“合理的”;unusual“不寻常的”;similar “相似的”。13.The Maasai tribe in Kenya is mentioned to show that in their eyes.A.getting dirty is stylishB.looking fierce is beautifulC.strong people cut their skinD.American girls love shopping答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“If you dont look fierce,you are not beautiful.”可知,肯尼亚的Maasai部落认为看起来凶猛就是美丽的。14.According to the woman interviewed,women in DPRK now.A.care a lot about their appearanceB.put the beauty of eyes in the first placeC.pay great attention to their abilityD.are crazy about double eyelid surgery答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,这里的女性现在更加关注她们成为好女人和好妻子的能力。15.What does the text mainly tell us?A.Inner beauty is of great importance.B.Ideas of beauty vary among culture groups.C.Different ways are needed to admire true beauty.D.Fashion magazines easily influence young people.答案B解析主旨大意题。根据第一段的“It is a sad reality that people dont realize how vacillating the idea of beauty can be from one country to another.”可知,不同国家的人对美的观点是不同的,即不同的文化群体对美的观点不尽相同。第二节体裁:说明文词数:230用时:7分钟Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (surprise,uncertainty,confusion,etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment,such as a foreign country.Generally speaking,we could say that there are four stages of culture shock.The first stage is called “the honeymoon”.In this stage,you are excited about living in a different place.16The next stage is “the hostility (敌意) stage”.In this stage,you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was.17 Moreover,people dont treat you like a guest anymore.Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”.In this stage,you start to feel more positive.18 The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”.In this stage,you have reached a point where you actually feel good.19 The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand.Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages.20 It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g.from high school to college).A.You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.B.Youve learned enough to understand the new culture.C.You become tired of many things about the new culture.D.Friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.E.In addition,culture shock is not limited to overseas visitors.F.And everything seems to be great and people seem to be nice to you.G.And you try to develop comprehension of everything you didnt understand.答案与解析【解题导语】本文主要介绍了“文化冲击”的定义和经历文化冲击的四个阶段。16.F根据上句“In this stage,you are excited about living in a different place.”可知,这一阶段你会对在不同地方生活感到兴奋;结合该段第二句“The first stage is called the honeymoon.”可以判断,空处陈述在文化冲击的“蜜月期”的感受,故F项符合文意。17.C根据上句“In this stage,you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was.”可知,在这一阶段,你开始注意到并非一切如你想象的那样好;据此可以判断,空处陈述在第二阶段“敌意期”的感受,故C项符合文意。18.G根据空处下句“The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.”可知,你会学习让自己适应新的环境;据此可以判断,空处表达“你尝试着理解你以前不理解的一切”,故G项正确。19.B根据空处下句“The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand.”可知,你理解了原先感到不舒服或陌生的事物;据此可以判断,空处说明你已经足以理解新的文化,故B项正确。20.E根据文章最后一句“It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g.from high school to college).”可判断,空处陈述文化冲击发生的其他范围,故E项符合文意。12
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