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Section Grammar直接引语和间接引语()1(教材P5)“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2(教材P5)“Does a friend always have to be a person？” the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.3(教材P5)“Why did you go to bed so late last night？” Father asked Anne.Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before4My mother said, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”My mother said a friend in need is a friend indeed.直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则人称变化的三原则1“第一人称随主”原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.2“第二人称随宾”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.3“第三人称不更新”原则：直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。Mr. Smith said，“His voice is wonderful.”Mr. Smith said his voice was wonderful.时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”The organizer said that they had begun their plan.直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this 这个that 那个these 这些those那些时间状语now 现在then 那时today 今天that day那天this morning 今天上午that morning 那天上午tonight 今天晚上that night 那天晚上tomorrow 明天the next/following day 第二天yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天last night 昨天晚上the night before前一天晚上the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前three days ago 三天前three days before 三天前next week 下一周the next/following week第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here 这儿there 那儿方向性动词bring 带来take 带走come 来go 去She asked，“Is this book his？”She asked whether that book was his.“Ill be very busy today，”said the man.The man said he would be very busy that day.连接词的选择1直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。His father said to him，“You should work hard if you want to go to college.”His father told him that he should work hard if he wanted to go to college.2直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(.or或.or not)或if引导。His friend asked him，“Are you interested in playing football？”His friend asked him whether he was interested in playing football.如果主句的谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“Whats your name？”he asked me.He asked me what my name was.疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。“Where are you going？” the father asked his son.The father asked his son where he was going. 句型转换1“What are you doing now？” Mum asked me.Mum asked me what I was doing then2“Why did Helen refuse to go there？” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why Helen had refused to go there.3John said, “I am going to visit Disneyland the day after tomorrow.”John said that he was going to visit Disneyland in two days time4“Did you go there to watch the football match last night？” Bob asked me.Bob asked me if/whether I had gone there to watch the football match the night before5My father said, “I worked here twenty years ago.”My father said that he had worked there twenty years before/earlier6“Where will you go with your father tomorrow？” Peter asked me.Peter asked me where I would go with my father the next day7Sophia asked me whether I had heard about that bad news the day before.Sophia said to me, “Did you hear about this bad news yesterday？”8Helen told me that she wouldnt go to Hainan the following day.Helen said to me, “I wont go to Hainan tomorrow”9Tonys father asked him how he had finished the task by himself two days earlier.Tonys father asked Tony, “How did you finish the task by yourself the day before yesterday？”10The girl said that she was watching the TV play then.The girl said, “I am watching the TV play now” 单句改错1The teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun.movedmoves2The doctor said, “You were not badly ill and you will be better soon.”wereare3Peter said that he had seen the lady in the bookstore ago.agobefore4My friend asked me that if I had watched that film the night before.去掉第一个that5Bob asked his new classmate that she came from that morning.thatwhere 语法与写作1那个男孩的妈妈问他是否对他做过的事感到抱歉。That boys mother asked him if/whether he was sorry for what he had done2我告诉他我丢了这笔钱并会找到它。I told him that I had lost the money and that I would find it3史密斯夫人问她儿子为什么不愿意放弃那个项目。Mrs.Smith asked her son why he wouldnt give up that project4罗斯告诉我说她后天来北京看我。Rose told me that she would come to Beijing to visit me in two days time5老师说：“太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。”The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 请将下列直接引语变成间接引语1“You should be more creative next time，” my teacher said to me.My teacher told me that I should be more creative the next time2Mr.Brown said, “I will leave for New York on business next month，Mary.”Mr.Brown told Mary that he would leave for New York on business the next month3“Dont make so much noise in class，boys and girls，” said Mr.Wang.Mr.Wang told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.4Our teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.”Our teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.5“Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the naughty boy.The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done6My classmate said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away last month.”My classmate told me that Doctor Wang passed away last month.7Johnny said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”Johnny told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8“Write your names on your paper first，” the teacher said to us.The teacher asked us to write our names on our paper first.9He asked Nancy, “Are you a student？” He asked Nancy if she was a student.10“Where are you going？” the girl asked me.The girl asked me where I was going 阅读理解AFriends are important to children.Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life.Friendship provides children with more than just fun.In making friends，children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems.Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class.If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends，what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends.Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships.First of all，be a friend to your child.Good friendships start at home. Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents.Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him.Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.Teach children how to solve conflicts(争端)Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others.If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own.Only step in if it is really necessary，for example，an argument is getting physical.Give children chances to practice staying together.Have children play games that require cooperation. For example，races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork.Encourage children to show thanks to others.The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.【解题导语】这篇短文主要描述了朋友对于孩子的重要性，以及父母应该如何帮助孩子交朋友。1According to the article，if one child has no friend，he will _Ahave some trouble in the futureBworry about everything in the futureCnot know the importance of making friendsDnot find anybody to help himA 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life.描述，可知没有朋友的孩子会在将来遇到困难，故选A。2Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT _Aproviding a lot of funBgetting in touch with othersCsolving the problemsDhelping to cheat in the examsD解析：推理判断题。根据短文第一段描述，可知友谊对孩子的帮助不包括在考试中作弊，故选D。3When the children disagree with each other，the parents should _Alet them fight with each other until they find who is the winnerBdo nothing to the children and believe in their abilitiesClet them work it out by themselves and help if necessaryDtalk with them and try to find good ways to stay togetherC解析：推理判断题。根据短文第三段中的Teach children how to solve conflicts(争端)Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others.If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own.描述，可知当孩子的意见不一致时，父母应该让他们自己解决，如果有必要就帮助。故选C。4From the text we can know a good friend should know how to _Afall in love with each otherBshow thanks to othersCexchange their presentsDignore their differencesB解析：推理判断题。根据短文最后一段中的Encourage children to show thanks to others.The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.可知作者写本文的主要目的是告诉父母帮助孩子们交朋友，互相感谢。故选B。BFriendships can be difficultbecause often people arent as honest and open as they should be.Sometimes, people end up getting hurt.Most problems with friendships come up because people are just too selfish to care about the things that their friends need. They care about their own needs much more, which makes it hard for friendships to work. However, being selfish is part of human nature. A person is put together in order to take care of himself and his own needs, not necessarily those needs of other people. Even though being selfish is something that all humans are born with, it is something that everyone should guard against.The best thing to remember when you are a friend to anyone is that you need to treat your friend the same way as youd like to be treated. This is wonderful advice for a friendship，because it is really the only way to make sure that you are giving your friend everything you would want to be given in a friendship. Whenever you have a question about how you should treat a friend, it is easy to find an answer simply by asking yourself what you would like your friend to do for you，if he or she is in your shoes.Even if youre always thinking about how youd like to be treated, and your friends are, too, there are issues that come up from time to time in each friendship, and it is important to understand how to deal with these issues so that you can build stronger and healthier friendships. Issues like friends getting boyfriends or girlfriends and not spending enough time with their friends，or even friends finding new friends and leaving old friends behind are issues that will probably come up with one or more of your friendships. It is important to know how to deal with these issues so that you can keep your friends and make new ones. No one wants to have a broken friendship.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了朋友之间出现的问题以及如何才能使友谊长存，如何处理朋友之间的问题。5This passage mainly deals with_Athe importance of friendshipsBthe advantages of friendshipsCthe problems with friendshipsDthe meaning of friendshipsC解析：主旨大意题。全文主要是围绕朋友之间出现的问题进行谈论的，所以选C项。6According to the author, problems with friendships may appear when_Aone is honest Bone is selfishCone is alone Done is too busyB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，朋友之间出现的大多数问题是由于人们太自私。7According to the passage, the first and most important thing to be other peoples friend is _Ato treat your friends as fairly as possibleBto give your friends whatever you haveCnot to hurt your friends feelingsDnot to think of your own needs any moreA解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者认为要成为别人的朋友，最重要的一件事就是“己所欲，施于人”。8The paragraphs following the passage may be about how to_Amake friendsBtreat friends correctlyCkeep friendsDdeal with friendship issuesD解析：推理判断题。根据原文最后两句话可知，作者认为为了能保持友谊和不断交到新的朋友，了解如何处理朋友之间的问题是很重要的，那么接下来要谈到的应该是如何处理朋友之间的问题。 语法填空Sarah Jayne is a twentyyearold girl from the UK.After she read the book Pay It Forward，she realized that our world would become a much 1._(good) place if everyone could do three favors(善意的行为) for others.She lost her father 2._ the age of eight，so she felt pity for her friends children whose dad died 3._(recent)Sarah talked and played with the children to make their mothers life easier.This “success” led to the second favor，which was to set up a counseling(咨询) service at her school 4._(help) improve the students mental(心理的) health.Her third favor was for a neighbor，an old woman named Anna who lost 5._(she) eyesight.It was Anna that 6._(introduce) the book Pay It Forward to Sarah two months ago.As she loved reading，it was 7._ real act of kindness to spend time 8._(read) out loud for the neighbor and keeping her company every night.Sarah said, “I couldnt believe at first how three small favors could make a big 9._ (different)All the people 10._ were helped by me have promised to pay favors forward.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个英国女孩因为读了一本书后做了三个善举，并使得受助者也愿意去帮助别人。1better解析：根据该空前的much可知，该空应用形容词的比较级，故填better。2at解析：at the age of表示“在年纪时”。3recently解析：该空应用副词修饰动词，故填recently。4to help解析：该空用动词不定式表目的，故填to help。5her解析：该空应用形容词性物主代词修饰eyesight。6introduced解析：根据two months ago可知，说的是发生在过去的一件事，所以用动词的一般过去时，故填introduced。7a解析：act表示“行为，举动”时为可数名词，此处表示“一个”，故填a。8reading解析：spend time doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”。9difference解析：make a big difference表示“有很大影响”。10who解析：先行词为All the people，关系词引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，故填who。 短文改错Dear David，How time flies! Its been an entirely week since you left our school.You cant imagine what I miss the time we spend together! I am very happy to be your friend and grateful for your help with my English.Because of I have learned a lot from you，I am more confident of your future study.I real got pleasure from speak English with you.Although we are not in a same country now，our friendship will last forever.And I will try my best learn English and make more friend.Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear David，How time flies! Its been an week since you left our school.You cant imagine I miss the time we together! I am very happy to be your friend and grateful for your help with my English.Because I have learned a lot from you，I am more confident of future study.I got pleasure from English with you.Although we are not in same country now，our friendship will last forever.And I will try my best learn English and make more .Yours，Li Hua- 11 -
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