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Unit 4 Making the news .阅读理解AThe best of adventure and sport in NSWIf you want adventure,then the state of New South Wales(NSW) in Australia is the place to go.No matter what season it is,you can choose from a wide variety of landscapes,climates,activities and experiences all with easy access to tour operators and local guides.For snow lovers,theres no better place than the Snowy Mountains.Skiers and snowboarders can hit the slopes for some downhill thrills in Kosciuszko National Park.Non-skiing adventure-seekers will enjoy hiking or snowshoeing.If water sports are more your thing,there are plenty of places to go.Surfers grab their surfboards and head to Byron Bay,Shellharbour,or Newcastles Merewether Beach,to see spectacular sea life up close,visit Lord Howe Island,a world-famous destination for underwater diving.The oceans,lakes and rivers around NSW offer a lifetimes worth of exciting fishing and boating challenges.Want more?Experience the rush of whitewater rafting in Jindabyne and Penrith,or go barefoot waterskiing in Port Stephens.For adventure in NSW,the skys the limit!Book a hot-air-balloon or helicopter ride over the stunning vineyards of the Hunter Valley,go skydiving in Wollongong,or try hang-gliding in Stanwell Park.Get to know the States unique and tough landscapes on a caving,canoeing or rock climbing adventure.Four-wheel-driving and off-roading tours are popular in both Country NSW and Outback NSW.Or explore parts of the State on horseback youll find great horse riding options in Sydney and throughout NSW.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,详细介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州一些适合进行冒险运动的旅游景点。1.What is the purpose of this article?A.To advertise a new holiday tour.B.To describe the geography of NSW.C.To promote NSWs tourist attractions.D.To encourage people to move to NSW.答案C解析写作意图题。本文详细介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州的旅游景点,其目的是宣传景点以吸引游客。故C项正确。2.Where can you go barefoot waterskiing?A.Port Stephens.B.The Hunter Valley.C.Stanwell Park.D.Wollongong.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,你可以在Stephens 港口赤脚滑水。故A项正确。3.Who are the intended readers?A.Families.B.Local guides.C.Photographers.D.Adventure travellers.答案D解析推理判断题。根据标题“The best of adventure and sport in NSW”可知,本文主要是对澳大利亚新南威尔士州一些适合进行冒险运动的旅游景点进行介绍,由此可推知,它的目标读者为冒险旅行者。故D项正确。BNeed for closure is a psychological term that describes a persons desire for a firm answer to a question.Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure.It likely evolved via natural selection.What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation were in.Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe,and it matters much more when were rushed,or bored,or tired.Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase,and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust,whether we admit were wrong and even how creative we are.In hiring,for instance,a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression.Its called the Urgency Effect.In one experiment,psychologists tried to lower peoples need for closure by telling them,right before participants were about to make various judgments of a job candidate,that they would be responsible in some way for them,or that their judgments had serious consequences.In making any big decision,its not enough just to know that we should take our time.We all know that important decisions shouldnt be rushed.The problem is that we dont keep that advice in mind when it matters.So,one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders.Before making important decisions,write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be.Also,think about how much pressure youre under.If your need for closure is particularly high that day,its even more important to think twice.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了了结需求(渴望得到问题的确切答案这一心理活动)对我们所做决定的影响。4.How does “need for closure” probably come into being?A.By nature.B.By accident.C.By acquiring.D.By imitating.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It likely evolved via natural selection.”可知,它是自然形成的。故选A项。5.It can be inferred that a high need for closure.A.brings about more stress B.causes discomfort and uncertaintyC.leads to not so good decisions D.promotes ones creativity答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“.a high need for closure negatively influences.”可知,高的了结需求会对我们的决定产生消极的影响。故选C项。6.In the experiment the psychologists reduced participants need for closure by telling them to.A.be cautious about their judgmentsB.value their first impressionC.be responsible for their bossD.pay little attention to the consequences答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In one experiment,psychologists tried to lower peoples need for.”可推知,心理学家是通过告诉参与者们做判断时要谨慎来降低他们的了结需求的。故选A项。7.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A.Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life.B.Some serious consequences of making decisions.C.Other approaches to making important decisions.D.More helpful solutions to high need for closure.答案D解析推理判断题。文章最后一段主要介绍了一些了结需求高的人在做重大决定时应采取的办法;由此可推知,下文应介绍更多的针对了结需求很高的问题的有效解决办法。故选D项。.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2017浙江)How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.1 But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?”2Hit the streets with confidence.3 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged.4Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.5If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air,dont leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people,be polite.C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one.D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results,ask them the same question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是总分结构,介绍了应如何进行街道采访。作者针对采访要提问的问题、采访的时间、采访的人数、采访的方式等方面提出了一些建议。1.D根据后面的But以及can be easy可知,这里要填的句子表示街道采访对新记者来说有一定的难度,故选D项。D项的意思是:对新记者而言,这似乎是一项具有挑战性的任务。2.G上一句是一个问题,这与G项中的a question like this相呼应。G项的意思是:提出了这样一个问题,你得到的回答就不只是“是”或者“不是”了,你会获得更多的信息。3.B本段主要介绍了采访时的态度,要礼貌而自信。从后面的“Excuse me.I was wondering if you could.”可知,记者在街头采访时要非常礼貌,故选B项。4.A根据后面的“shouldnt be longer than ten minutes”可知,这里指要把握好采访的时间。因此选A项。5.F前文说,进行6至10人的采访比较保险,F项中的That number正好与之呼应,意思是采访这么多人足以使你得到所有你想要的答案。.语篇填空(2018浙江宁波5月模考)When we think about our daily habits and how 1.(them) affect the environment,we focus on how much water and electricity we use,or whether we choose to ride a bike or take a taxi.But even the smallest things can have a huge impact on our planet.Take plastic straws (吸管) 2. an example.We often use them when enjoying a cold drink with our lunch or dinner,3. according to Litterati,an app that maps trash,plastic straws are the sixth most common form of litter in the world.“Every day,Americans throw away 500 million plastic straws,4. are enough to circle the Earth twice,” CNN reported.The plastic straws cant be recycled.And even worse,it takes up to 200 years for each one 5.(break) down.To deal with the problem,a lawmaker in California,US,6. (introduce) a bill late last month to reduce plastic straw use.Soon,a waiter in California who gives a customer a plastic straw without 7. (request) will be breaking the law.The penalty(惩罚) will be up to six months in jail,8. $1,000 fine or a combination of both,USA Today reported.“We need to create 9. (aware) around the issue of plastic straws and their effects 10. our waterways and oceans,” Ian Calderon,who introduced the bill,said in a statement.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过塑料吸管的例子告诉我们:如果数量极其庞大,即使是很小的东西,也会对全球环境产生巨大的影响。1.they考查人称代词。此处指代前文中的“daily habits”。2.as考查介词。take.as an example为固定搭配,意为“以为例”。3.but考查连词。我们经常使用塑料吸管来喝冷饮,但是塑料吸管已经成为了世界上第六种最常见的垃圾形式了,故此处表示转折关系。4.which考查定语从句。此处which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语。5.to break考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式做目的状语。break down为固定词组,此处意为“分解”。6.introduced考查动词的时态语态。introduce和主语lawmaker之间是主动关系,故用主动语态;根据下文中的“last month”可知,此处为一般过去时。7.being requested考查非谓语动词。without为介词,后接动词-ing形式,且request和主语waiter之间存在被动关系,故使用being done的结构。8.a考查冠词。fine此处为可数名词的单数形式,意为“罚金”。9.awareness考查名词。awareness意为“意识”,在句中做宾语。10.on/upon考查介词。(have) effects on/upon.为固定搭配,意为“对产生影响”。5
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